A comparison of chronic conditions between transgender and cisgender individuals with recent incarceration and in the community in a United States county

References

• Binswanger, I. A., Stern, M. F., Deyo, R. A., Heagerty, P. J., Cheadle, A., Elmore, J. G., & Koepsell, T. D. (2007). Release from prison—A high risk of death for former inmates. New England Journal of Medicine, 356(2), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmsa064115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baćak, V. (2023). Looking back: Victimization of transgender persons and the criminal legal system. American Journal of Public Health, 113(10), 1043–1045. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2023.307393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boothby, J. L., & Durham, T. W. (1999). Screening for depression in prisoners using the beck depression inventory. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 26(1), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854899026001006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen, M., Marwick, S., Marshall, T., Saunders, K., Burwood, S., Yahyouche, A., Stewart, D., & Paudyal, V. (2019). Multimorbidity and emergency department visits by a homeless population: A database study in specialist general practice. British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 69(685), e515–e525. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19x704609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braveman, P., Cubbin, C., Egerter, S., Williams, D., & Pamuk, E. (2010). Socioeconomic disparities in health in the United States: What the patterns tell us. American Journal of Public Health, 100(Suppl 1), S186–S196. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.166082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brömdal, A., Halliwell, S., Sanders, T., Clark, K. A., Gildersleeve, J., Mullens, A. B., Phillips, T. M., Debattista, J., Du Plessis, C., Daken, K., & Hughto, J. M. W. (2023). Navigating intimate trans citizenship while incarcerated in Australia and the United States. Feminism & Psychology, 33(1), 42–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/09593535221102224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chyten-Brennan, J., Patel, V. V., Ginsberg, M. S., & Hanna, D. B. (2021). Algorithm to identify transgender and gender nonbinary individuals among people living with HIV performs differently by age and ethnicity. Annals of Epidemiology, 54, 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.09.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connolly, D., & Gilchrist, G. (2020). Prevalence and correlates of substance use among transgender adults: A systematic review. Addictive Behaviors, 111(December 2020), 106544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106544
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Couloute, L. (2018). Nowhere to Go: Homelessness among formerly incarcerated people. Prison Policy Initiative. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/housing.html
   Google Scholar
• Downing, J. M., & Przedworski, J. M. (2018). Health of transgender adults in the U.S., 2014 2016. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 55(3), 336–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.04.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Empson, S., Cuca, Y. P., Cocohoba, J., Dawson-Rose, C., Davis, K., & Machtinger, E. L. (2017). Seeking safety group therapy for co-occurring substance use disorder and PTSD among transgender women living with HIV: A pilot study. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 49(4), 344–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2017.1320733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazel, S., Yoon, I., & Hayes, A. (2017). Substance use disorders in prisoners: An updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis in recently incarcerated men and women. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 112(10), 1725–1739. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feingold, Z. R. (2021). The stigma of incarceration experience: A systematic review. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 27(4), 550–569. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000319
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flentje, A., Leon, A., Carrico, A., Zheng, D., & Dilley, J. (2016). Mental and physical health among homeless sexual and gender minorities in a major urban US city. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 93(6), 997–1009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-016-0084-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser, B., Pierse, N., Chisholm, E., & Cook, H. (2019). LGBTIQ + homelessness: A review of the literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15), 2677. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, J. M., Mottet, L. A., Tanis, J., Harrison, J., Herman, J. L., & Keisling, M. (2011). Injustice at every turn: A report of the national transgender discrimination survey. National Center for Transgender Equality & National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
   Google Scholar
• Glynn, T. R., & van den Berg, J. J. (2017). A systematic review of interventions to reduce problematic substance use among transgender individuals: A call to action. Transgender Health, 2(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2016.0037
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hall, D., Lee, L.-W., Manseau, M. W., Pope, L., Watson, A. C., & Compton, M. T. (2019). Major mental illness as a risk factor for incarceration. Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.), 70(12), 1088–1093. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammett, T., Harmon, M., & Rhodes, W. (2002). The burden of infectious disease among inmates of and releasees from US Correctional Facilities, 1997. American Journal of Public Health, 92(11), 1789–1794. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.92.11.1789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanna, B., Desai, R., Parekh, T., Guirguis, E., Kumar, G., & Sachdeva, R. (2019). Psychiatric disorders in the U.S. transgender population. Annals of Epidemiology, 39(2019), 1–7.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.09.009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hughes, L., Shireman, T., & Hughto, J. (2021). Privately insured transgender people are at elevated risk for chronic conditions compared with cisgender counterparts. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 40(9), 1440–1448. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.00546
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• James, S. E., Herman, J. L., Rankin, S., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Anafi, M. (2016). The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey. National Center for Transgender Equality.
   Google Scholar
• Kaba, F., Solimo, A., Graves, J., Glowa-Kollisch, S., Vise, A., MacDonald, R., Waters, A., Rosner, Z., Dickey, N., Angell, S., & Venters, H. (2015). Disparities in mental health referral and diagnosis in the New York City jail mental health service. American Journal of Public Health, 105(9), 1911–1916. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kcomt, L. (2019). Profound health-care discrimination ­experienced by transgender people: Rapid systematic ­review. Social Work in Health Care, 58(2), 201–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2018.1532941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keuroghlian, A. S., Shtasel, D., & Bassuk, E. L. (2014). Out on the street: A public health and policy agenda for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth who are homeless. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(1), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0098852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombardi, E. (2007). Substance use treatment experiences of transgender/transsexual men and women. Journal of LGBT Health Research, 3(2), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1300/j463v03n02_05
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan, M. R., Epperson, M. W., Mateu-Gelabert, P., Bolyard, M., Sandoval, M., & Friedman, S. R. (2011). Incarceration, sex with an STI- or HIV-infected partner, and infection with an STI or HIV in Bushwick, Brooklyn, NY: A social network perspective. American Journal of Public Health, 101(6), 1110–1117. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2009.184721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lydon, J., Carrington, K., Low, H., Miller, R., Yazdy, M. (2015). Coming out of concrete closets: A Report on Black & Pink’s National LGBTQ Prisoner Survey. https://www.blackandpink.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Coming-Out-of-Concrete-Closets-incorcporated-Executive-summary102115.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Martin, M. S., Colman, I., Simpson, A. I., & McKenzie, K. (2013). Mental health screening tools in correctional institutions: A systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-13-275
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oberheim, S. T., DePue, M. K., & Hagedorn, W. B. (2017). Substance use disorders (SUDs) in transgender communities: The need for trans-competent SUD counselors and facilities. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 38(1), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaoc.12027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisner, S. L., Bailey, Z., & Sevelius, J. (2014). Racial/ethnic disparities in history of incarceration, experiences of victimization, and associated health indicators among transgender women in the U.S. Women & Health, 54(8), 750–767. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2014.932891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roehrkasse, A. F., & Wildeman, C. (2022). Lifetime risk of imprisonment in the United States remains high and starkly unequal. Science Advances, 8(48), eabo3395. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abo3395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg, S. D., Drake, R. E., Brunette, M. F., Wolford, G. L., & Marsh, B. J. (2005). Hepatitis C virus and HIV co-infection in people with severe mental illness and substance use disorders. AIDS (London, England), 19 Suppl 3(Suppl 3), S26–S33. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000192067.94033.aa
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schnittker, J., Massoglia, M., & Uggen, C. (2012). Out and down: Incarceration and psychiatric disorders. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 53(4), 448–464. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146512453928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scandurra, C., Bochicchio, V., Amodeo, A., Esposito, C., Valerio, P., Maldonato, N., Bacchini, D., & Vitelli, R. (2018). Internalized transphobia, resilience, and mental health: Applying the psychological mediation framework to Italian transgender individuals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(3), 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishar, S., Brumfield, E., Mandal, S., Vanjani, R., & Soske, J. (2023). “It’s a revolving door”: understanding the social determinants of mental health as experienced by formerly incarcerated people. Health & Justice, 11(1), 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-023-00227-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stutterheim, S. E., van Dijk, M., Wang, H., & Jonas, K. J. (2021). The worldwide burden of HIV in transgender individuals: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 16(12), e0260063. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swartz, J. A., & Lurigio, A. J. (2005). Detecting serious mental illness among substance abusers. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 2(1–2), 113–135. https://doi.org/10.1300/J394v02n01_07
   Google Scholar
• The Sentencing Project (2018). Report to the United Nations on Racial Disparities in the U.S. Criminal Justice System. The Sentencing Project. https://www.sentencingproject.org/reports/report-to-the-united-nations-on-racial-disparities-in-the-u-s-criminal-justice-system/
   Google Scholar
• Teplin, L. A. (1990). Detecting disorder: The treatment of mental illness among jail detainees. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58(2), 233–236. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.58.2.233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsui, J. I., Akosile, M. A., Lapham, G. T., Boudreau, D. M., Johnson, E. A., Bobb, J. F., Binswanger, I. A., Yarborough, B. J. H., Glass, J. E., Rossom, R. C., Murphy, M. T., Cunningham, C. O., Arnsten, J. H., Thakral, M., Saxon, A. J., Merrill, J. O., Samet, J. H., Bart, G. B., Campbell, C. I., … Bradley, K. A. (2021). Prevalence and medication treatment of opioid use disorder among primary care patients with hepatitis C and HIV. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 36(4), 930–937. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06389-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udo, T. (2019). Chronic medical conditions in U.S. adults with incarceration history. Health Psychology: Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 38(3), 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, K. B., Will, J., & Chyten-Brennan, J. (2023). Community health care utilization patterns in transgender individuals who have been incarcerated. Journal of Correctional Health Care: The Official Journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care, 29(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1089/jchc.21.10.0120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2020). Literature review mapping of good practices for the management of transgender prisoners.
   Google Scholar
• United States Census Bureau (2023). QuickFacts Santa Clara County, California. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/santaclaracountycalifornia/POP010220
   Google Scholar
• Weidner, R. R., & Schultz, J. (2019). Examining the relationship between U.S. incarceration rates and population health at the county level. SSM – Population Health, 9(December 2019), 100466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100466
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolfe, H. L., Biello, K. B., Reisner, S. L., Mimiaga, M. J., Cahill, S. R., & Hughto, J. M. W. (2021). Transgender-related discrimination and substance use, substance use disorder diagnosis and treatment history among transgender adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 223, 108711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widra, E. (2023). New data on HIV in prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic underscore links between HIV and incarceration. Prison Policy Initiative. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2023/06/01/hiv_in_prisons/
   Google Scholar
• Yehia, B. R., Stephens-Shield, A. J., Momplaisir, F., Taylor, L., Gross, R., Dubé, B., Glanz, K., & Brady, K. A. (2015). Health outcomes of HIV-infected people with mental illness. AIDS and Behavior, 19(8), 1491–1500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1080-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar