Targeting the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in human cancer

Bibliography

• Derynck R, Miyazono K. TGF-beta and the TGF-beta Family. In: Derynck R, Miyazono K . editors, The TGF-beta Family. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; Cold Spring Harbor, NY: 2008. p. 29-43
   Google Scholar
• Derynck R, Akhurst RJ. Differentiation plasticity regulated by TGF-beta family proteins in development and disease. Nat Cell Biol 2007;9(9):1000-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massague J. TGFbeta in Cancer. Cell 2008;134(2):215-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wels J, Kaplan RN, Rafii S, Lyden D. Migratory neighbors and distant invaders: tumor-associated niche cells. Genes Dev 2008;22(5):559-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annes JP, Munger JS, Rifkin DB. Making sense of latent TGF beta activation. J Cell Sci 2003;116(2):217-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ten Dijke P, Arthur HM. Extracellular control of TGFbeta signalling in vascular development and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2007;8(11):857-69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebner R, Chen RH, Shum L, Cloning of a type-I Tgf-beta receptor and its effect of Tgf-beta binding to the type-II receptor. Science 1993;260(5112):1344-48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grady WM, Markowitz SD. TGF-beta signaling pathway and tumor suppression. In: Derynck R, Miyazono K. editors, The TGF-beta Family. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; New York; 2008. p. 889-964
   Google Scholar
• Rotzer D, Roth M, Lutz M, Type III TGF-beta receptor-independent signalling of TGF-beta2 via TbetaRII-B, an alternatively spliced TGF-beta type II receptor. EMBO J 2001;20(3):480-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi Y, Massague J. Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus. Cell 2003;113(6):685-700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero-Gallo J, Sozmen EG, Chytil A, Inactivation of TGF-beta signaling in hepatocytes results in an increased proliferative response after partial hepatectomy. Oncogene 2005;24(18):3028-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ten Dijke P, Goumans MJ, Itoh F, Itoh S. Regulation of cell proliferation by Smad proteins. J Cell Physiol 2002;191(1):1-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padua D, Massague J. Roles of TGFbeta in metastasis. Cell Res 2009;19(1):89-102
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guasch G, Schober M, Pasolli HA, Loss of TGFbeta signaling destabilizes homeostasis and promotes squamous cell carcinomas in stratified epithelia. Cancer Cell 2007;12(4):313-27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen CR, Kang Y, Massague J. Defective repression of c-myc in breast cancer cells: A loss at the core of the transforming growth factor beta growth arrest program. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;98(3):992-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massague J, Gomis RR. The logic of TGF-beta signalling. FEBS Lett 2006;580(12):2811-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta PK, Mann JR. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling inhibitors in cancer therapy. In: Jakowlew SB. editor, Tranforming growth factor-beta in cancer therapy. Human press; Totowa, NJ: 2008. p. 573-87
   Google Scholar
• Pardali K, Moustakas A. Actions of TGF-beta as tumor suppressor and pro-metastatic factor in human cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007;1775(1):21-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon KJ, Blobe GC. Role of transforming growth factor-beta superfamily signaling pathways in human disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008;1782(4):197-228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen T, de Vries EG, Hollema H, Structural alterations of transforming growth factor-beta receptor genes in human cervical carcinoma. Int J Cancer 1999;82(1):43-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiss M. TGF-beta and cancer. Microbes Infect 1999;1(15):1327-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen T, Yan W, Wells RG, Novel inactivating mutations of transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor gene in head-and-neck cancer metastases. Int J Cancer 2001;93(5):653-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen T, Triplett J, Dehner B, Transforming growth factor-beta receptor type I gene is frequently mutated in ovarian carcinomas. Cancer Res 2001;61(12):4679-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myeroff LL, Parsons R, Kim SJ, A transforming growth factor beta receptor type II gene mutation common in colon and gastric but rare in endometrial cancers with microsatellite instability. Cancer Res 1995;55(23):5545-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massague J. TGF-beta signal transduction. Annu Rev Biochem 1998;67:753-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill CS. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Smad proteins. Cell Res 2009;19(1):36-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massague J, Seoane J, Wotton D. Smad transcription factors. Genes Dev 2005;19(23):2783-810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta PK, Chytil A, Gorska AE, Moses HL. Identification of STRAP, a novel WD domain protein in transforming growth factor-beta signaling. J Biol Chem 1998;273(52):34671-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta PK, Moses HL. STRAP and Smad7 synergize in the inhibition of transforming growth factor beta signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2000;20(9):3157-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oft M, Akhurst RJ, Balmain A. Metastasis is driven by sequential elevation of H-ras and Smad2 levels. Nat Cell Biol 2002;4(7):487-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takaku K, Oshima M, Miyoshi H, Intestinal tumorigenesis in compound mutant mice of both Dpc4 (Smad4) and Apc genes. Cell 1998;92(5):645-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Mao C, Teng Y, Targeted disruption of Smad4 in mouse epidermis results in failure of hair follicle cycling and formation of skin tumors. Cancer Res 2005;65(19):8671-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ku JL, Park SH, Yoon KA, Genetic alterations of the TGF-beta signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cell lines: a novel mutation in Smad3 associated with the inactivation of TGF-beta-induced transcriptional activation. Cancer Lett 2007;247(2):283-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halder SK, Beauchamp RD, Datta PK. Smad7 induces tumorigenicity by blocking TGF-beta-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2005;307(1):231-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuang C, Xiao Y, Liu X, In vivo disruption of TGF-beta signaling by Smad7 leads to premalignant ductal lesions in the pancreas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103(6):1858-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derynck R, Zhang YE. Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-beta family signalling. Nature 2003;425(6958):577-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moustakas A, Heldin CH. Non-Smad TGF-beta signals. J Cell Sci 2005;118(Pt 16):3573-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang YE. Non-Smad TGF-beta signaling pathways. In: Derynck R, Miyazono K, editors, The TGF-beta Family. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: New York; 2008. p. 419-38
   Google Scholar
• Bhowmick NA, Ghiassi M, Bakin A, Transforming growth factor-beta1 mediates epithelial to mesenchymal transdifferentiation through a RhoA-dependent mechanism. Mol Biol Cell 2001;12(1):27-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka Y, Kobayashi H, Suzuki M, Transforming growth factor-beta1-dependent urokinase up-regulation and promotion of invasion are involved in Src-MAPK-dependent signaling in human ovarian cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2004;279(10):8567-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Duan CJ, Binkley C, A transforming growth factor beta-induced Smad3/Smad4 complex directly activates protein kinase A. Mol Cell Biol 2004;24(5):2169-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conery AR, Cao Y, Thompson EA, Akt interacts directly with Smad3 to regulate the sensitivity to TGF-beta induced apoptosis. Nat Cell Biol 2004;6(4):366-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu T, Burdelya LG, Swiatkowski SM, Secreted transforming growth factor beta2 activates NF-kappaB, blocks apoptosis, and is essential for the survival of some tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101(18):7112-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ignotz RA, Massague J. Cell adhesion protein receptors as targets for transforming growth factor-beta action. Cell 1987;51(2):189-97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bierie B, Moses HL. Tumour microenvironment: TGFbeta: the molecular Jekyll and Hyde of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2006;6(7):506-20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhowmick NA, Chytil A, Plieth D, TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia. Science 2004;303(5659):848-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muraoka-Cook RS, Dumont N, Arteaga CL. Dual role of transforming growth factor beta in mammary tumorigenesis and metastatic progression. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11(2 Pt 2):937s-43s
   Google Scholar
• Lebrin F, Deckers M, Bertolino P, Ten Dijke P. TGF-beta receptor function in the endothelium. Cardiovasc Res 2005;65(3):599-608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiery JP. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and pathologies. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2003;15(6):740-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalluri R, Neilson EG. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its implications for fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2003;112(12):1776-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battaglia S, Benzoubir N, Nobilet S, Liver cancer-derived hepatitis C virus core proteins shift TGF-beta responses from tumor suppression to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PLoS One 2009;4(2):e4355
   Google Scholar
• Dooley S, Hamzavi J, Ciuclan L, Hepatocyte-specific Smad7 expression attenuates TGF-beta-mediated fibrogenesis and protects against liver damage. Gastroenterology 2008;135(2):642-59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valcourt U, Kowanetz M, Niimi H, TGF-beta and the Smad signaling pathway support transcriptomic reprogramming during epithelial-mesenchymal cell transition. Mol Biol Cell 2005;16(4):1987-2002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mani SA, Guo W, Liao MJ, The epithelial-mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells. Cell 2008;133(4):704-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowanetz M, Valcourt U, Bergstrom R, Id2 and Id3 define the potency of cell proliferation and differentiation responses to transforming growth factor beta and bone morphogenetic protein. Mol Cell Biol 2004;24(10):4241-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owens DW, McLean GW, Wyke AW, The catalytic activity of the Src family kinases is required to disrupt cadherin-dependent cell-cell contacts. Mol Biol Cell 2000;11(1):51-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JT, Joo CK. Involvement of cell-cell interactions in the rapid stimulation of Cas tyrosine phosphorylation and Src kinase activity by transforming growth factor-beta 1. J Biol Chem 2002;277(35):31938-48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SS, Eom YW, Kim EH, Involvement of c-Src kinase in the regulation of TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis. Oncogene 2004;23(37):6272-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas S, Guix M, Rinehart C, Inhibition of TGF-beta with neutralizing antibodies prevents radiation-induced acceleration of metastatic cancer progression. J Clin Invest 2007;117(5):1305-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng N, Chytil A, Shyr Y, Enhanced hepatocyte growth factor signaling by type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor knockout fibroblasts promotes mammary tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2007;67(10):4869-77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Huang J, Ren X, Abrogation of TGF beta signaling in mammary carcinomas recruits Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells that promote metastasis. Cancer Cell 2008;13(1):23-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bierie B, Stover DG, Abel TW, Transforming growth factor-beta regulates mammary carcinoma cell survival and interaction with the adjacent microenvironment. Cancer Res 2008;68(6):1809-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akhurst RJ. TGF-beta signaling in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion and metastasis. In: Derynck R, Miyazono K. editors, The TGF-beta Family. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; New York: 2008. p. 931-64
   Google Scholar
• Law BK, Chytil A, Dumont N, Rapamycin potentiates transforming growth factor beta-induced growth arrest in nontransformed, oncogene-transformed, and human cancer cells. Mol Cell Biol 2002;22(23):8184-98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguilera A, Yanez-Mo M, Selgas R, Epithelial to mesenchymal transition as a triggering factor of peritoneal membrane fibrosis and angiogenesis in peritoneal dialysis patients. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2005;6(3):262-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galanis E, Okuno SH, Nascimento AG, Phase I-II trial of ONYX-015 in combination with MAP chemotherapy in patients with advanced sarcomas. Gene Ther 2005;12(5):437-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacher MD, Tiirikainen MI, Saunier EF, Transforming growth factor-beta receptor inhibition enhances adenoviral infectability of carcinoma cells via up-regulation of Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor in conjunction with reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Res 2006;66(3):1648-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dvorchik BH. The disposition (ADME) of antisense oligonucleotides. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2000;2(3):253-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arteaga CL, McPherson JM. Development of TGF-beta based therapeutic agents: capitalizing on TGF-beta's mechanisms of action and signal transduction pathways. In: Derynck R, Miyazono K. editors, The TGF-beta Family. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; New York: 2008. p. 1023-62
   Google Scholar
• Hau P, Jachimczak P, Schlingensiepen R, Inhibition of TGF-beta2 with AP 12009 in recurrent malignant gliomas: from preclinical to phase I/II studies. Oligonucleotides 2007;17(2):201-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunier EF, Akhurst RJ. TGF beta inhibition for cancer therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2006;6(7):565-78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemunaitis J, Jahan T, Ross H, Phase 1/2 trial of autologous tumor mixed with an allogeneic GVAX vaccine in advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2006;13(6):555-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baselga J, Gianni L, Geyer C, Future options with trastuzumab for primary systemic and adjuvant therapy. Semin Oncol 2004;31(5 Suppl 10):51-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatto B. Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. Curr Med Chem Anticancer Agents 2004;4(5):411-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christiansen J, Rajasekaran AK. Biological impediments to monoclonal antibody-based cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2004;3(11):1493-501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordeiro MF. Technology evaluation: lerdelimumab, Cambridge antibody technology. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2003;5(2):199-203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowland-Goldsmith MA, Maruyama H, Matsuda K, Soluble type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor attenuates expression of metastasis-associated genes and suppresses pancreatic cancer cell metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther 2002;1(3):161-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muraoka RS, Dumont N, Ritter CA, Blockade of TGF-beta inhibits mammary tumor cell viability, migration, and metastases. J Clin Invest 2002;109(12):1551-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay A, Zhu Y, Malik SN, Extracellular domain of TGFbeta type III receptor inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in human cancer cells. Oncogene 2002;21(22):3541-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muraoka-Cook RS, Dumont N, Arteaga CL. Dual role of transforming growth factor beta in mammary tumorigenesis and metastatic progression. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11(2):937s-43s
   Google Scholar
• Ananth S, Knebelmann B, Gruning W, Transforming growth factor beta 1 is a target for the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor and a critical growth factor for clear cell renal carcinoma. Cancer Res 1999;59(9):2210-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng H, Carretero OA, Vuljaj N, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a new mechanism of action. Circulation 2005;112(16):2436-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yingling JM, Blanchard KL, Sawyer JS. Development of TGF-beta signalling inhibitors for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2004;3(12):1011-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawyer TK. Novel oncogenic protein kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Curr Med Chem Anticancer Agents 2004;4(5):449-55
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hjelmeland MD, Hjelmeland AB, Sathornsumetee S, SB-431542, a small molecule transforming growth factor-beta-receptor antagonist, inhibits human glioma cell line proliferation and motility. Mol Cancer Ther 2004;3(6):737-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian G, Schwarz RE, Higgins L, Targeting endogenous transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling in SMAD4-deficient human pancreatic carcinoma cells inhibits their invasive phenotype1. Cancer Res 2004;64(15):5200-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhl M, Aulwurm S, Wischhusen J, SD-208, a novel transforming growth factor beta receptor I kinase inhibitor, inhibits growth and invasiveness and enhances immunogenicity of murine and human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res 2004;64(21):7954-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran TT, Uhl M, Ma JY, Inhibiting TGF-beta signaling restores immune surveillance in the SMA-560 glioma model. Neuro Oncol 2007;9(3):259-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byfield SD, Roberts AB. Lateral signaling enhances TGF-beta response complexity. Trends Cell Biol 2004;14(3):107-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilaria RL, Simon GR, Sovak M, Phase I study of LY573636-sodium, an acylsulfonamide anti-cancer compound with a novel mechanism of action, administered as 2-hour IV infusion in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(18S):2515
   Google Scholar
• FDA US. A Phase 2 Study of LY573636 Administered as an Intravenous Infusion on Day 1 of a 21-Day Cycle as Second-Line Treatment in Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00363766 (Last accessed 16 October 2009) 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Tojo M, Hamashima Y, Hanyu A, The ALK-5 inhibitor A-83-01 inhibits Smad signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by transforming growth factor-beta. Cancer Sci 2005;96(11):791-800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon JA, Kim HT, Cho IS, IN-1130, a novel transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor kinase (ALK5) inhibitor, suppresses renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Kidney Int 2006;70(7):1234-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacher MD, Korn WM, Akhurst RJ. Reversal of EMT by small molecule inhibitors of TGF-beta type I and II receptors: Implications for carcinoma treatment. In: Jakowlew SB. editor, Tranforming growth factor-beta in cancer therapy. Human press: Totowa, NJ; 2008. p. 707-22
   Google Scholar
• Zhang B, Halder SK, Zhang S, Datta PK. Targeting transforming growth factor-beta signaling in liver metastasis of colon cancer. Cancer Lett 2009;277(1):114-20
   Google Scholar
• Melisi D, Ishiyama S, Sclabas GM, LY2109761, a novel transforming growth factor beta receptor type I and type II dual inhibitor, as a therapeutic approach to suppressing pancreatic cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(4):829-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh J, Ling L, Sawyer JS, Successful discovery of TbRI (ALK5) kinase inhibitors using HTS, target-hopping and virtual screening. Chem Today 2005;23(3):35-8
   Google Scholar
• Jinnin M, Ihn H, Tamaki K. Characterization of SIS3, a novel specific inhibitor of Smad3, and its effect on transforming growth factor-beta1-induced extracellular matrix expression. Mol Pharmacol 2006;69(2):597-607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvo-Aller E, Baselga J, Glatt S, First human dose escalation study in patients with metastatic malignancies to determine safety and pharmacokinetics of LY2157299, a small molecule inhibitor of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor I kinase. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(15S):14554
   Google Scholar
• Horowitz JC, Lee DY, Waghray M, Activation of the pro-survival phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway by transforming growth factor-beta1 in mesenchymal cells is mediated by p38 MAPK-dependent induction of an autocrine growth factor. J Biol Chem 2004;279(2):1359-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muraoka-Cook RS, Shin I, Yi JY, Activated type I TGFbeta receptor kinase enhances the survival of mammary epithelial cells and accelerates tumor progression. Oncogene 2006;25(24):3408-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kretzschmar M, Doody J, Timokhina I, Massague J. A mechanism of repression of TGFbeta/ Smad signaling by oncogenic Ras. Genes Dev 1999;13(7):804-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ventura JJ, Kennedy NJ, Flavell RA, Davis RJ. JNK regulates autocrine expression of TGF-beta1. Mol Cell 2004;15(2):269-78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis BN, Hilyard AC, Lagna G, Hata A. SMAD proteins control DROSHA-mediated microRNA maturation. Nature 2008;454(7200):56-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang Y, He W, Tulley S, Breast cancer bone metastasis mediated by the Smad tumor suppressor pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102(39):13909-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javelaud D, Mohammad KS, McKenna CR, Stable overexpression of Smad7 in human melanoma cells impairs bone metastasis. Cancer Res 2007;67(5):2317-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyaki M, Iijima T, Konishi M, Higher frequency of Smad4 gene mutation in human colorectal cancer with distant metastasis. Oncogene 1999;18(20):3098-103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Losi L, Bouzourene H, Benhattar J. Loss of Smad4 expression predicts liver metastasis in human colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2007;17(5):1095-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman SL. Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Gastroenterology 2008;134(6):1655-69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlingensiepen KH, Fischer-Blass B, Schmaus S, Ludwig S. Antisense therapeutics for tumor treatment: the TGF-beta2 inhibitor AP 12009 in clinical development against malignant tumors. Recent Results Cancer Res 2008;177:137-50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lahn M, Kloeker S, Berry BS. TGF-beta inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005;14(6):629-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mead AL, Wong TT, Cordeiro MF, Evaluation of anti-TGF-beta2 antibody as a new postoperative anti-scarring agent in glaucoma surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44(8):3394-401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benigni A, Zoja C, Corna D, Add-on anti-TGF-beta antibody to ACE inhibitor arrests progressive diabetic nephropathy in the rat. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;14(7):1816-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nam JS, Suchar AM, Kang MJ, Bone sialoprotein mediates the tumor cell-targeted prometastatic activity of transforming growth factor beta in a mouse model of breast cancer. Cancer Res 2006;66(12):6327-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawyer JS, Anderson BD, Beight DW, Synthesis and activity of new aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted pyrazole inhibitors of the transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor kinase domain. J Med Chem 2003;46(19):3953-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehata S, Hanyu A, Fujime M, Ki26894, a novel transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor kinase inhibitor, inhibits in vitro invasion and in vivo bone metastasis of a human breast cancer cell line. Cancer Sci 2007;98(1):127-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki E, Kim S, Cheung HK, A novel small-molecule inhibitor of transforming growth factor beta type I receptor kinase (SM16) inhibits murine mesothelioma tumor growth in vivo and prevents tumor recurrence after surgical resection. Cancer Res 2007;67(5):2351-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumont N, Arteaga CL. Targeting the TGF beta signaling network in human neoplasia. Cancer Cell 2003;3(6):531-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui Q, Lim SK, Zhao B, Hoffmann FM. Selective inhibition of TGF-beta responsive genes by Smad-interacting peptide aptamers from FoxH1, Lef1 and CBP. Oncogene 2005;24(24):3864-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay A, Zhu Y, Cibull ML, A soluble transforming growth factor beta type III receptor suppresses tumorigenicity and metastasis of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Cancer Res 1999;59(19):5041-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar