New approaches to developing antidepressants by enhancing monoaminergic neurotransmission

Bibliography

• KESSLER RC, MCGONAGLE KA, ZHOA S et al.: Lifetime and 12 month prevalence of DSMIII-R psychiatric din the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1994) 51:8–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEPINE JP, GASTPAR M, MENDLEWICZ J et al.: Depression in the community: the first pan-European study DEPRES (Depression Research in European Society). Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol (1997) 12:19–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors M 1990 and Projected to 2020. CJL Murray, AD Lopez (Eds), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, USA (1996).
   Google Scholar
• GREDEN JF: The burden of disease for treatment-resistant depression. Clin. Psychiatry (2001) 62:26–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIDSON JR, MELTZER-BRODY SE: The underrecognition and undertreatment of depression: what is the breadth and depth of the problem? J. Gin. Psychiatry (1999) 60:4–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Review of the serious burden of depression.
   Google Scholar
• ROSENBAUM JF, HYLAN TR: Costs of depressive disorders: A review. In: Depressive Disorders (Vol. 1). M Maj, N Sartorius (Eds). John Wiley & Sons Ltd (1999):401–449.
   Google Scholar
• GUMNICK JF, NEMEROFF CB: Problems with currently available antidepressants.j Clin. Psychiatry (2000) 61:5–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Good review of limitations of current antidepressants.
   Google Scholar
• FRAZER A: Pharmacology of antidepressants. I Clin. Psychopharmacol (1997) 17\(Suppl. 1):25–185.
   Google Scholar
• CULPEPPER L: Early onset of antidepressant actions: impact on primary care. J. Gin. Psychiatry (2001) 62:4–6.
   Google Scholar
• FAWCETT J, BARKIN RL: Efficacy issues with antidepressants. j. Clin. Psychiatry (1997) 58\(Suppl. 6):32–39.
   Google Scholar
• THASE ME, ENTSUAH R, RUDOLPH RL: Remission rates during treatment with venlafaxine or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Br. Psychiatry(2001) 178:234–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Meta-analyis study suggesting dual transporter inhibitors may have greater remission rates than SSRIs.
   Google Scholar
• CHARNEY DS: Monoamine dysfunction and the pathophysiology and treatment of depression.' Clin. Psychiatry (1998) 59:11–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DELGADO PL: Depression: the case for a monoamine deficiency. j. Clin. Psychiatry (2000) 61:7–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Review of the role of monoarnines in the aetiology and therapy of depression.
   Google Scholar
• RESSLER KJ, NEMEROFF CB: Role of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders. Depress. Anxiety (2000) 12\(Suppl. 1):2–19.
   Google Scholar
• HIRSCHFELD RM: History and evolution of the monoamine hypothesis of depression. .1 Clin. Psychiatry (2000) 61:4–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Historical review of monoamine hypothesis of depression.
   Google Scholar
• SZABO ST, BLIER P: Effect of the selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor reboxetine on the firing activity or noradrenaline and serotonin neurons. Ear. Neurosci. (2001) 13:2077–2087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MASSANA J, MOLLER HJ, BURROWS GD et al.: Reboxetine: a double-blind comparison with fluoxetine in major depressive disorder. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol (1999) 14:73–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHATZBERG AF: Clinical efficacy of reboxetine in major depression. J. Psychiatry (2000) 61:31–38.
   Google Scholar
• VERSIANI M, AMIN M, CHOUINARD G: Double-blind, placebo-controlled study with reboxetine in inpatients with severe major depressive disorder.Psychopharmacol (2000)20:28–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DELGADO PL, CHARNEY DS, PRICE LH et al.: Serotonin function and the mechanism of antidepressant action. Reversal of antidepressant-induced remission by rapid depletion of plasma tryptophan. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry(1990) 47:411–418.
   Google Scholar
• •Important neurotransmitter precursor depletion study demonstrating the role of 5-HT availability in antidepressant action of some drugs.
   Google Scholar
• DELGADO PL, MILLER HL, SALOMON RIVI et al: Monoamines and the mechanism of antidepressant action: effects of catecholamine depletion on mood of patients treated with antidepressants. Psychopharmacol Bull. (1993) 29:389–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DELGADO PL, MILLER HL, SALOMON RM et al: Tryptophan-depletion challenge in depressed patients treated with desipramine or fluoxetine: implications for the role of serotonin in the mechanism of antidepressant actions. Biol. Psychiatry (1999) 46:212–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MILLER HL, DELGADO PL, SALOMON RM et al: Clinical and biochemical effects of catecholamine depletion on antidepressant-induced
   Google Scholar
• SPILLMANN MK, VAN DER DOES AJ, RANKIN MA et al.: Tryptophan depletion in SSRI-recovered depressed outpatients. Psychophannacol (2001) 155:123–127.
   Google Scholar
• ANAND A, CHARNEY D: Norepinephrine dysfunction in depression. Clin. Psychiatry (2000) 61:16-24. H. GARVEY MJ, TUASON VB: Urinary levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol predict symptom severity in selected patients with unipolar depression. Psychiatry Res. (1996) 62:171–177.
   Google Scholar
• GARVEY MJ, TUASON VB: Urinary levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol predict symptom severity in selected patients with unipolar depression. Psychiatry Res. (1996) 62:171–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAUCOULES D, LEVY C, AZORIN JM et al.: Plasma levels of MHPG, HVA and total 5-HIAA in depression. Preliminary study. Encephale (199 2) 18:611–616.
   Google Scholar
• YATES M, LEAKE A, CANDY JM et al.:5HT2 receptor changes in major depression. Biol. Psychiatry (1990) 27:489–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MANN JJ, HUANG YY, UNDERWOOD MD et al: A serotonin transporter gent promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and prefrontal cortical binding in major depression and suicide. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry(2000) 57:729–738.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OWENS MJ, NEMEROFF CB: Role of serotonin in the pathophysiology of depression: focus on the serotonin transporter. Gin. Chem. (1994) 40:288–295.
   Google Scholar
• WOOD MD, THOMAS DR, WATSON JM: Therapeutic potential of serotonin antagonists in depressive disorders. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs (2002) 11:457–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MASAND PS, GUPTA S: Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors: an update. Harv. Rev Psychiatry (1999) 7:69–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BYMASTER FP, KATNERJS, NELSON DL et al: Atomoxetine increases extracellular levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rat: A potential mechanism for efficacy in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology (2002) 27:699–711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Comparative study of the effects of SSRIs on extracellular concentrations of monoarnines in prefrontal cortex.
   Google Scholar
• BYMASTER FP, ZHANG W, CARTER PA et al.: Fluoxetine, but not other selective serotonin uptake inhibitors, increases norepinephrine and dopamine extracellular levels in prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology (2002) 160:353–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NIBUYA M, MORINOBU S, DUMAN RS: Regulation of BDNF and trkB mRNA in rat brain by chronic electroconvulsive seizure and antidepressant drug treatments. Neurosci. (1995) 15:7539–7547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Seminal study suggesting role of neurotrophic factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor in depression.
   Google Scholar
• NIBUYA M, NESTLER EJ, DUMAN RS: Chronic antidepressant administration increases the expression of CAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in rat hippocampus. I Neurosci. (1996) 16:2365–2372.
   Google Scholar
• ANDERSON IM: SSRIs versus tricyclic antidepressants in depressed in patients: a meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability. Depress. Anxiety (1998) 7 (Suppl.): 11–17.48.
   Google Scholar
• BURKE WJ: Escitalopram. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs (2002) 11:1477–1486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HYTTEL J, BOGESO KP, PERREGAARD J et al.: The pharmacological effect of citalopram49.residues in the (5)-(+)-enantiomer. Neural. Transm. Gen. Sect. (1992) 88:157–160.
   Google Scholar
• OWENS MJ, KNIGHT DL,50. NEMEROFF CB: Second-generation SSRIs: human monoamine transporter binding profile of escitalopram and R- fluoxetine. Biol. Psychiatry (2001)51.50:345-350. remission of depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1996) 53:117–128.
   Google Scholar
• KOCH S, PERRY KW, NELSON DL et al.: R-fluoxetine increases extracellular DA, NE, as well as 5-HT in rat prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus: An in vivo microdialysis and receptor binding study. Neuropsychopharmacology (2002) 27:949–959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MILLAN MJ, DEKEYNE A, GOBERT A: Serotonin (5-HT)2c receptors tonically inhibit dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA), but not 5-HT, release in the frontal cortex M vivo. Neuropharmacology(1998) 37:953:955.
   Google Scholar
• WONG EH, SONDERS MS, AMARA SG et al.: Reboxetine: a pharmacologically potent, selective, and specific norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Biol. Psychiatry (2000) 47:818–829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SACCHETTI G, BERNINI M, BIANCHETTI A et al.: Studies on the acute and chronic effects of reboxetine on extracellular noradreanline and other monoamines in the rat brain. Br. Pharmacol (1999) 128:1332–1338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAGE ME LUCKI I: Effects of acute andchronic reboxetine treatment on stress-induced monoamine efflux in the rat frontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology (2002) 27:237–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARBONI E, TANDA GL, FRAU R et al.: Blockade of the noradrenaline carrier increases extracellular dopamine concentrations in the prefrontal cortex: evidence that dopamine is taken up in vivo by noradrenergic terminals. J. Neurochem. (1990) 55:1067–1070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MILLER DK, WONG EH, CHESNUT MD et al.: Reboxtine: functional inhibition of monoamine transporters and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. (2002) 302:687–695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCATES AC, DORAISWAMY PM: Reboxetine: a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of depression. Ann. Pharmacother: (2000) 34:1302–1312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MUCCI M: Reboxetine: a review of antidepressant tolerability. Psychopharmacol (1997) 11(4, Suppl.):S33–S37.
   Google Scholar
• ZERBE RL, ROWE H, ENAS GG et al: Clinical pharmacology of tomoxetine, a potential antidepressant. I Pharmacol Exp. The]: (1985) 232:139–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHOUINARD G, ANNABLE L, BRADWEJN J: An early Phase II clinical trial of tomoxetine (LY139603) in the treatment of newly admitted depressed patients. Psychopharmacology (1984) 83:126–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPENCER T, BIEDERMAN J, WILENS T et al.: Effectiveness and tolerability of tomoxetine in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry (1998) 155:693–695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MICHELSON D, FARIES D, WERNICKE J et al.: Atomoxetine in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a roandomized, placebo-controlled, dose-response study. Pediatrics (2001) 108:E83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TRAUT M, WEIFENBACH M, UNGER L: Biochemical studies on the potential antidepressant nafenodone, its enantiomers and its N-desmethylderivatives. Naunyn-Schrniedeberg1 Arch. Pharmacol (1991) (Suppl.):R110.
   Google Scholar
• PEREZ-VIZCAINO F, CARRON R, DELPON E et al: Effects of (S)-nafenodone, a new antidepressant, in isolated guinea-pig atrial and ventricular muscle fibers. Ear: Pharmacol (1991) 199:43–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PEREZ-VIZCAINO F, CARRON R, DELPON E et al: Effects of (S)-nafenodone on 45Ca2+ fluxes and contractions in rat isolated vascular smooth muscle. Eur. Pharmacol (1993) 232:105–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOBERT M, JAHNIG P, SCHULZ H: Effect of two antidepressant drugs on REM sleep and EMG activity during sleep. Neuropsychobiology (1999) 39:101–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TRAN P, BYMASTER F, MCNAMARA R et al.: Dual monoamine modulation for improved treatment of major depressive disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacology (2003) 23:78–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOLDEN-WATSON C, RICHELSON E: Blockade by newly-developed antidepressants of biogenic amine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes. Life Sd. (1993) 52:1023–1029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BYMASTER FP, DRESHFIELD-AHMAD LJ, THRELKELD PG et al.: Comparative affinity of duloxetine and venlafaxine for serotonin and norepinephrine transporters in vitro and in vivo, human serotonin receptor subtypes and other neuronal receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology (2001) 25:871–880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRILEY M, PROST JF, MORET C: Preclinical pharmacology of milnacipran. hat. Gin. Psychopharmacol (1996) 11:9–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEL N, ARTIGAS F: Modulation of the extracellular 5-hydroxytryptamine brain concentrations by the serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, milnacipran. Microdialysis studies in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology (1999) 21:745–754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LECRUBIER Y, PLETAN Y, SOLLES Aet al.: Clinical efficacy of milnacipran in placebo-controlled trials. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol (1996) 11:29–33.
   Google Scholar
• PUECH A, MONTGOMERY SA, PROST JF et al: Milnacipran, a new sorotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor: an overview of its antidepressant activity and clinical tolerability. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol (1997) 12:99–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WONG DT, BYMASTER FP: Dual serotonin and noradrenaline uptake inhibitor class of antidepressants - potential for greater efficacy or just hype? In: Progress in Drug Research (Vol. 58). E Jucker (Ed.) (2002):169–222.
   Google Scholar
• •Comprehensive review of rationale for use and pharmacology of dual transporter inhibitors.
   Google Scholar
• GOLDSTEIN DJ, MALLINCKRODT C, LU Y et al.: Duloxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a double-blind clinical trial. J. Gin. Psychiatry (2002) 63:225–231.
   Google Scholar
• DETKE MJ, LU Y, GOLDSTEIN DJ et al.: Duloxetine 60 mg once daily for major depressive disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clin. Psychiatry (2002) 63:308–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DETKE MJ, LU Y, GOLDSTEIN DJ et al.: Duloxetine 60 mg once-daily dosing versus placebo in the acute treatment of major depression. Psychiatric Res. (2002) 36:383–390.
   Google Scholar
• NEMEROFF C, SCHATZBERG A, GOLDSTEIN D et al.: Duloxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull. (2002) 36:105–132.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GOLDSTEIN DJ, LU Y, DETKE MJ et al.: Duloxetine in the treatment of depression: a double-blind placebo-controlled comparison with paroxetine. Clin. Psychopharmacol(In Press).
   Google Scholar
• MILLAN MJ, GOBERT A, LEJEUNE F et al.: S33005, a novel ligand at both serotonin and norepinephrine transporters: I. Receptor binding, electrophysiological, and neurochemical profile in comparison with venlafaxine, reboxetine, citalopram, and clomipramine. Pharmacol Exp. Ther: (2001) 298:565–580.
   Google Scholar
• MILLAN MJ, GOBERT A, LEJEUNE F et al.: The novel, potential antidepressants, S35966 and S35967, act as serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and antagonists at alpha2-adrenoreceptors. Soc. Neurosci. Abst. (2001) 27:975.18.
   Google Scholar
• MILLAN MJ, DEKEYNE A, PAPP M et al.: S33005, a novel ligand at both serotonin and norepinephrine transporters: II. Behavioral profile in comparison with venlafaxine, reboxetine, citalopram, and clomipramine. Pharmacol Exp. Ther: (2001) 298:581–591.
   Google Scholar
• BROCCO M, DEKEYNE A, VEIGA S et al.: Induction of hyperlocomotion in mice exposed to a novel environment by inhibition of serotonin reuptake. A pharmacological characterization of diverse classes of antidepressant agents. Pharmacol Biochem. Behav. (2002) 71:667–680.
   Google Scholar
• KLIMEK V, SCHENCK J, HAN H et al: Dopaminergic abnormalities in amygdaloid nuclei in major depression: a postmortem study. Biol. Psychiatry(2002) 52:740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAMBERT G, JOHANSSON M, AGREN H et al.: Reduced brain norepinephrine and dopamine release in treatment-refractory depressive illness: evidence in support of the catecholamine hypothesis of mood disorders. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (2000) 57:787–793.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TREMBLAY LK, NARANJO CA, CARDENAS L et al.: Probing brain reward system function in major depressive disorder: altered response to dextroamphetamine. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (2002) 59:409–416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILLNER P: The mesolimbic dopamine system as a target for rapid antidepressant action. hat. Clin. Psychopharmacol (1997) 12\(Suppl. 3):57–514.
   Google Scholar
• DALERY J, ROCHAT C, PEYRON E et al.: The efficacy and acceptability of amineptine versus fluoxetine in major depression. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol (1997) 12\(Suppl. 3):535–538.
   Google Scholar
• KAVOUSSI RJ, SEGRAVES RT, HUGHES AR et al: Double-blind comparison of bupropion sustained release and sertraline in depressed outpatients. Gin. Psychiatry (1997) 58:532–537.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DEVEAUGH-GEISS J, CONNERS CK, SARKIS EH et al.: GW320659 for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children.j Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry (2002) 41:914–920.
   Google Scholar
• BENNETT BA, WICHEMS CH, HOLLINGS WORTH CK et al.: Novel 2-substituted cocaine analogs: uptake and ligand binding studies at dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine transport sites in the rat brain. J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther: (1995) 272:1176–1186.
   Google Scholar
• DAVIES HM, SAIKALI E, SEXTON T et al.: Novel 2-substituted cocaine analogs: binding properties at dopamine transport sites in rat striatum. Ear: Pharmacol (1993) 244:93–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENNETT BA, HOLLINGSWORTH CK, MARTIN RS et al.: Prolonged dopamine and serotonin transporter inhibition after exposure to tropanes. Neuropharmacology (1998) 37:123–730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAUNAIS JB, HART SL, SMITH HR et al.: Long-acting blockade of biogenic amine transporters in rat brain by administration of the potent novel tropane 2beta-propanoy1-3beta- (2-Naphthyl)-tropane. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. (1998) 285:1246–1254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROBERTS DC, PHELAN R, HODGES LM et al.: Self-administration of cocaine analogs by rats. Psychopharmacology (1999) 144:389–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RYAN DH: Use of sibutramine and othernoradrenergic and serotonergic drugs in the management of obesity. Endocrine (2000) 13:193–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GLICK SD, HASKEW RE, MAISONNEUVE IM et al.: Enantioselective behavioral effects of sibutramine metabolites. Ear: Pharmacol (2000) 397:93–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FULTON B, BENFIELD P: Moclobemide.An update of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. Drugs (1996) 52:450–474.
   Google Scholar
• MORON JA, PEREZ V, PASTO M et al.:FA-70, a novel selective and irreversible monoamine wddase-A inhibitor: effect on monoamine metabolism in mouse cerebral cortex. J. Pharmacol Exp. The]: (2000) 292:788–794.
   Google Scholar
• MORON JA, PEREZ V, FERNANDEZ-ALVAREZ E et al.: In vitro' effect of some 5-hydroxy-indolalkylamine derivatives on monoamine uptake system. Neural Transm. (1998) 52(Suppl.):343–349.
   Google Scholar
• KRENITSKY PHARMACEUTICAL, INC.: In vivo (1996) 14:10.
   Google Scholar
• KORSHUNOV VA, MURASHEV AN, IVASHEV MN et al.: Hemodynamic effects of tetrindol in alert normotensive mice and rats after blockade of nitric oxide synthesis. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. (2000) 130:777–779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RF279773: Tetrindol. Drugs Future (1997) 22(12).
   Google Scholar
• BLIER P: Crosstalk between the norepinephrine and serotonin systems and its role in the antidepressant response. Psychiatry Neurosci. (2001) 26:S3–S10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DE BOER T: The pharmacologic profile of mirtazapine.Psychiatry(1996)57:19–25.
   Google Scholar
• KASPER S: Clinical efficacy of mirtazapine:a review of meta-analyses of pooled data. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol (1995) 10:25–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QUITKIN FM, TAYLOR BP, KREMER C: Does mirtazapine have a more rapid onset than SSRIs?j Clin. Psychiatry(2001) 62:358–361.
   Google Scholar
• DAVIS R, WHITTINGTON R, BRYSON HM: Nefazodone. A review of its pharmacology and clinical efficacy in the management of major depression. Drugs (1997) 53:608–636.
   Google Scholar
• BALDWIN DS, HAWLEY CJ, MELLORS K: CN104-070 Study Group: A randomized, double-blind controlled comparison of nefazodone and paroxetine in the treatment of depression: safety, tolerability and efficacy in continuation phase treatment. J. Psychopharmacol (2001) 15:161–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARTIGAS F: Limitations to enhancing the speed of onset of antidepressants - are rapid action antidepressants possible? Hum. Psychopharmacol (2001) 16:29–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Review of hypothesis and supporting evidence for 5-HT IA augmentation strategy for enhancing the antidepressant efficacy of SSRIs.
   Google Scholar
• ZHANG W, PERRY KW, WONG DT et al.: Synergistic effects of olanzapine and other antipsychotic agents in combination with fluoxetine on norepinephrine and dopamine release in rat prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology (2000) 23:250–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHELTON RC, TOLLEFSON GD, TOHEN M et al.: A novel augmentation strategy for treating resistant major depression. Am. I Psychiatry (2001) 158:131–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BAKER RW, VIETA E, KETTER TA et al.: Olanzapine and olanzapine-fluoxetine combination (OFC) in the treatment of bipolar depression. Abstr. Am. College Neuropsychopharmacol Ann. Meeting (2002):220.
   Google Scholar
• PULLAR IA, BOOT JR, CARNEY SL et al: In vitro activity of LY393558, an inhibitor of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter with 5-HT(1B/1D/2) receptor antagonist properties. Ear: Pharmacol (2001) 432:9–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MITCHELL SN, GREENSLADE RG, COOPER J: LY393558, a 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor and 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor antagonist: effects on extracellular levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the guinea pig and rat. Eur. Pharmacol (2001) 432:19–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PULLAR IA, CARNEY SL, COLVIN EM et al.: LY367265, an inhibitor of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter and 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor antagonist: a comparison with the antidepressant, nefazodone. Ear: Pharmacol (2000) 407:39–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TORDERA RM, MONGE A, DEL RIO J et al.: VN-2222, a potential antidepressant agent with affinity at the serotonin transporter and 5-HT 1 A receptors. Meth. Enid. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol (1999) 21\(Suppl. 4197.
   Google Scholar
• TORDERA RM, MONGE A, DEL RIO J et al.: Antidepressant-like activity of VN2222, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor with high affinity at 5-HT1A receptors. Ear: Pharmacol (2002) 442:63–71.
   Google Scholar
• BARTOSZYK GD, HEGENBART R, ZIEGLER H: EMD 68843, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor with selective presynaptic 5-HT 1A receptor agonistic properties. Ear: Pharmacol (1997) 322:147–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAGE ME, CRYAN JF, SULLIVAN A et al.: Behavioral and neurochemical effects of 5-(4-[4-(5-Cyano-3-indoly1)-buty1)-buty1]-1-piperaziny1)-benzofuran-2-carboxamide (EMD 68843): a combined selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake and 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) receptor partial agonist. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. (2002) 302:1220–1277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TREIT D, DEGROOT A, KASHLUBA S et al.: Systemic EMD 68843 injections reduce anxiety in the shock-probe, but not the plus-maze test. Ear: Pharmacol (2001) 414:245–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CORDI AA, BERQUE-BESTEL I, PERSIGAND T et al.: Potential antidepressants displayed combined alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist and monoamine uptake inhibitor properties. J. Med. Chem. (2001) 44:787–805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCKINNON C: Summary of medicinal chemistry 16th international symposium, Bologna, Italy. IDdb Meeting Report (2000).
   Google Scholar
• CORDI A, BERQUE-BESTEL I, PERSIGAND T et al.: Search for novel antidepressants through synergy between alpha2 adrenoreceptor antagonism and monoamine uptake inhibition. Int. Symp. Med. Chem. (2000):PB 57.
   Google Scholar
• LUCKI I, SINGH A, KREISS DS: Antidepressant-like behavioral effects of serotonin receptor agonists. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev (1994) 18:85–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LUSCOMBE GP, MARTIN KF, HUTCHINS LJ et al.: Mediation of the antidepressant-like effect of 8-0H-DPAT in mice by postsynaptic 5-HT 1A receptors. Br. J. Pharmacol (1993) 108:669–677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FEIGER AD: A double-blind comparison of gepirone extended release, imipramine, and placebo in the treatment of outpatient major depression. Psychophannacol Bull. (1996) 32:659–665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILCOX CS, FERGUSON JM, DALE JL et al.: A double-blind trial of low- and high-dose ranges of gepirone-ER compared with placebo in the treatment of depressed outpatients. Psychophannacol Bull. (1996) 32:335–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TOTTORI K, MIWA T, UWAHODO Y et al.: Antidepressant-like responses to the combined sigma and 5-HT 1 A receptor agonist OPC-14523. Neurophannacology (2001) 41:976–988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TOTTORI K, NAKAI M, UWAHODO Y et al.: Attenuation of scopolamine-induced and age-associated memory impairments by the sigma and 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) receptor agonist OPC-14523 (1 [3 [4 (3 chloropheny1)-1-piperazinyllpropy11-5-methoxy-3, 4-dihydro-2 [1I-II -quinolinone monomethanesulfonate). Phannacol Exp. Ther. (2002) 301:249–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PIERCY MF: Pharmacology of pramipexole, a dopamine D3-preferring agonist, useful in treating Parkinson's disease. Gin. Neurophannacol (1998) 21:141–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILLNER P, LAPPAS S, CHEETA S et al: Reversal of stress-induced anhedonia by the dopamine receptor agonist, pramipexole. Psychophannacology (1994) 115:454–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CORRIGAN MH, DENAHAN AQ, WRIGHT CE et al: Comparison of pramipexole, fluoxetine, and placebo in patients with major depression. Depress. Anxiety(2000) 11:58–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NEWMAN-TANCREDI A, CUSSAC D, AUDINOT Vet al.: Actions of roxindole at recombinant human dopamine D2, D3 and D4 and serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors. Naunyn Schnnedebergs Arch. Phannacol (1999) 359:447–453.
   Google Scholar
• MAJ J, KOLODZIEJCZYK K, ROGOZ Z, SKUZA G: Roxindole, a potential antidepressant. I. Effect on the dopamine system. J. Neural Transm. Gen. Sect. (1996) 103:627–641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRUNDER G, WETZEL H, HAMMES E et al.: Roxindole, a dopamine autoreceptor agonist, in the treatment of major depression. Psychophannacology (1993) 111:123–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TATSUMI M, GROSHAN K, BLAKELY RD et al.: Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters. Eur. Phannacol (1997) 340:249–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OWENS MJ, MORGAN WN, PLOTT SJ et al.: Neurotransmitter receptor and transporter binding profile of antidepressants and their metabolites. Phannacol Exp. Ther. (1997) 283:1305–1322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MILLAN MJ, GOBERT A, RIVET JM et al.: Mirtazapine enhances frontocortical dopaminergic and corticolimbic adrenergic, but not serotonergic, transmission by blockade of alpha2-adrenergic and serotonin2C receptors: a comparison with citalopram. Eur. Neurosci. (2000) 12:1079–1095.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar