98
Views
29
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Drug Evaluation

Thalidomide: a new anticancer drug?

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 1211-1225 | Published online: 02 Mar 2005

Bibliography

  • MCBRIDE WG: Thalidomide and congenital abnormalities. Lancet (1961) 2:1358 (Letter).
  • D'AMATO RJ, LOUGHNAN MS, FLYNN E, FOLKMAN J: Thalidomide is an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Set. USA (1994) 91:4082–4085.
  • •Fundamental study for the mechanism of action of Thal.
  • ZWINGENBERGER K, WNENDT S: Immunomodulation by thalidomide: systematic review of the literature and of unpublished observations. .1 Inflamm. (1995) 46:177–211.
  • SINGHAL S, MEHTA J: Thalidomide in cancer. Brained. Pharmacother (2002) 56:4–12.
  • BRUERA E, NEUMANN CM, PITUSKIN E, CALDER K, BALL G, HANSON J: Thalidomide in patients with cachexia due to terminal cancer: preliminary report. Ann. Onto' (1999) 10:857–859.
  • MOEHLER T, NEBEN K, BENNER A et al.: Salvage therapy for multiple myeloma with thalidomide and CED chemotherapy. Blood(2001) 98:3846–3848.
  • NATHAN P, GORE M, EISEN T: Unexpected toxicity of combination thalidomide and interferon alfa-2a treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Clin.Oncol. (2002) 20:1429–1430.
  • FIGG WD, RAJE S, BAUER KS et al.: Pharmacolkinetics of thalidomide in an elderly prostate cancer population. Phann. Sci (1999) 88:121–125.
  • •Of interest for the pharmacokinetics of Thal.
  • FINE HA, FIGG WD, JAECKLE K et al.: Phase II trial of the antiangiogenic agent thalidomide in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas.J. Clin. Oncol. (2000) 18:708–715.
  • THOMAS DA, KANTARJIAN HM: The revitalization of thalidomide. Ann. Oncol. (2001) 12:885–886.
  • NG SSW, BROWN M, FIGG WD: Thalidomide, an antiangiogenic agent with clinical activity in cancer. Brained. Pharmacother (2002) 56:194–199.
  • DECKERS M, VAN DER PLUIJM G, DOOIJEWAARD S et al.: Effect of angiogenic and antiangiogenic compounds on the outgrowth of capillary structures from fetal mouse bone explants. Lab. Invest. (2001) 81:5–15.
  • LENZ W: A short history of thalidomideembryopathy. Teratology (1988) 38:203–215.
  • BAUER KS, DIXON SC, FIGG WD: Inhibition of angiogenesis by thalidomide requires metabolic activation wich is species-dependent. Biochem. Phannacol. (1998) 55:1827–1834.
  • STEPHENS T, FILLMORE B: Hypothesis: thalidomide embryopathy-proposed mechanism of action. Teratology (2000) 61:189–195.
  • MINCHINTON Al, FRYER KH, WENDT KR, CLOW KA, HAYES MMM: The effect of thalidomide on experimental tumors and metastases. Anti-Cancer Drugs (1996) 7:339–343.
  • FUJITA J, MESTRE JR, ZELDIS JB, SUBBARAMAIAH K, DANNEMBERG AJ: Thalidomide and its analogues inhibit lipopolysaccharide-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase-2. Clin. Cancer Res. (2001) 7:3349–3355.
  • TSUJII M, KAWANO S, TSUJII S, SAWAOKA H, HORI M, DUB OIS RN: Cyclooxygenase regulates angiogenesis induced by colon cancer cells. Cell (1998) 93:705–716.
  • STOLINA M, SHARMA S, LIN Y et a/.:Specific inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 restores antitumor reactivity by alterating the balance of IL-10 and IL-12 synthesis. J.Immunol. (2000) 164:361–370.
  • SHENG H, SHAO J, MORROW JD, BEAUCHAMP RD, DUBOIS RN: Modulation of apoptosis and Bc1-2 expression by prostaglandin E2 in human colon cancer cells. Cancer Res. (1998) 58:362–366.
  • JOURDAN M, TARTE K, LEGOUFFE E et al.: Tumor necrosis factor is a survival and proliferation factor for human myeloma cells. Ear: Cytokine Netsv (1999) 10:65–70.
  • CARTER A, MERCHAV S, SILVIAN-DRAXLER I et al.: the role of interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in human multiple myeloma. Br. Haematol (1990) 74:424–431.
  • MOREIRA A, SAMPAIO E, ZMUIDZINAS A, FINDT P, SMITH K, KAPLAN G: Thalidomide exerts its inhibitory action on tumor necrosis factor-alpha by enhancing mRNA degradation. J. Exp. Med. (1993) 177:1675–1680.
  • TURK B, JIANG H, LILU J: Binding of thalidomide to al-acid- glycoprotein may be involved in its inhibition of tumor necrosis factor production. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci. USA (1996) 93:7552–7556.
  • CHING L, BROWNE W, TCHERNEGOVSKI R: Interaction of thalidomide, phthalamide analogues of thalidomide and pentoxifylline with the antitumor agent 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid: cocomitant reduction of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and enhancement of antitumor activity. Br. Cancer (1998) 78:336–343.
  • BALDWIN AS: The NF-icB and I-icB proteins: new discoveries and insights. Ann. Rev Immunol. (1996) 14:649–683.
  • BALDWIN AS: Control of oncogenesis and cancer therapy resistance by the transcription factor NF-icB. I Gin. Invest. (2001) 107:241–246.
  • KEIFER JA, GUTTRIDGE DC, ASHBURNER BP, BALDWIN AS: Inhibition of NF-icB activity by thalidomide trough suppression of I KB kinase activity. Biol. Chem (2001) 276:22382–22387.
  • MOLLER DR, WYSOCKA M, GREENLEE BM et al.: Inhibition of IL-12 production by thalidomide. I Immunol (1997) 159:5157–5161.
  • MOREIRA AL, TSENOVA-BERKOVA L,WANG J et al.: Effect of cytokine modulation by thalidomide on the granulomatous response in murine tuberculosis. Tubercle Lung Dis. (1997) 78:47–55.
  • ROWLAND TL, MCHUGH SM, DEIGHTON J, DEARMAN RJ, EWAN PW, KIMBER I: Differential regulation by thalidomide and dexamethasone of cytokine expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Immunopharmacology (1998) 40:11–20.
  • HASLETT P, HEMPSTEAD M, SEIDMAN C et al.: The metabolic and immunologic effects of short-term thalidomide treatment of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. (1997) 13:1047–1057.
  • SHANNON EJ, SAND OVAL F: Thalidomide increases the synthesis of IL-2 in cultures of human mononuclear cells stimulated with Concanavalin-A, Staphylococcal enterotwdn A, and purified protein derivative. Immunopharmacology (1995) 31:109–116.
  • PARTIDA-SANCHEZ S, FAVILA-CASTILLO L, PEDRAZA-SANCHEZ S et al.: IgG antibody subclasses, tumor necrosis factor and IFN-gamma levels in patients with Type II lepra reaction on thalidomide treatment. hat. Arch. Allergy Immunol. (1998) 116:60–66.
  • HASLETT PA, CORRAL LG, ALBERT M, KAPLAN G: Thalidomide costimulates primary human T lymphocytes, preferentially inducing proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxic responses in the CD8+ subset. Exp. Med. (1998) 187:1885–1892.
  • MARRIOTT JB, CLARKE IA, DREDGE K, MULLER G, STIRLING D, DALGLEISH A: Thalidomide and its analogues have distinct and opposing effects on TNF-alpha and TNFR2 during co-stimulation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol. (2002) 130:75–84.
  • WALCHNER M, MEURER M, PLEWIG G, MESSER G: Clinical and immunologic parameters during thalidomide treatment of lupus erythematosus. Int.' Dermatol. (2000) 39:383–388.
  • HALES B: Thalidomide on the comeback trail. Nat. Med. (1999) 5:489–490.
  • MARKS MG, SHI J, FRY MO et al.: Effects of putative hydroxylated metabolites on blood vessel density in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and on tumor and endothelial cell proliferation. Biol. Pharm. Bull. (2002) 25:597–604.
  • CORRAL LG, HASLETT PAJ, MULLER GW et al.: Differential cytokine modulation and T cell activation by two distinct classes of thalidomide analogues that are potent inhibitors of TNF-a. Immunol. (1999)163:380–386.
  • RICHARDSON PG, SCHLOSSMAN R, WELLER E et al.: Immunomodulatory drug CC-5013 overcomes drug resistance and is well tolerated in patients with relapsed multiple mieloma. Blood (2002) 100:3063–3067.
  • MARRIOTT JB, CLARKE IA, CZAJIKA A et al.: A novel subclass of thalidomide analogue with anti-solid tumor activity in which caspase-dependent apoptosis is associated with aletred expression of bc1-2 family proteins. Cancer Res. (2003) 63:593–599.
  • RAJKUMAR SV, WITZIG TE: A review of angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapy with thalidomide in multiple myeloma. Cancer Treat. Rev (2000) 26:351–362.
  • ATTAL M, HAROUSSEAU J-L: Standard therapy versus autologous transplantation in multiple myeloma. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. (1997) 11:133–146.
  • DRAK J, KAUFMANN H, URBAUER E et al.: The biology of multiple myeloma. Lancet (2000) 126:441–447.
  • •Important for understanding biology MM.
  • TRICOT G: New insights into role of microenvironment in multiple myeloma. Lancet (2000) 355:248–250.
  • BELLAMY WT, RICHTER L, FRUTIGER Y et al.: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in hematopoietic malignancies. Cancer Res. (1999) 59:728–733.
  • PODAR K, TAI Y-T, DAVIES FE et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor triggers signaling cascades mediating multiple myeloma cell growth and migration. Blood (2001) 98:428–435.
  • VACCA A, RIBATTI D, PRESTA M et al.: Bone marrow neovascularization, plasma cell angiogenic potential, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion parallel progression of human multiple myeloma. Blood (1999) 93:3064–3073.
  • HALLEK M, BERGSAGEL PL, ANDERSON KC: Multiple myeloma: increasing evidence for a multistep transformation process. Blood (1998) 91:3–21.
  • TU Y, RENNER S, XU F et al: BCL-X expression in multiple myeloma : possible indicator of chemoresistance. Cancer Res. (1998) 58:256–262.
  • HUSSEIN MA: Non traditional cytotoxic therapies for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Oncologist (2002) 7:20–29.
  • ZANGARI M, BARLOGIE B, PRATHER J et al.: Marked activity also in del 13 multiple myeloma of PS 341 and subsequent thalidomide in a setting of resistance to post-autotransplant salvage therapies. Blood (2002) 100:105a.
  • SINGHAL S, MEHTA J, DESIKAN R et al.: Antitumor activity of thalidomide in refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl. .1. Med. (1999) 341:1565–1571.
  • •Of interest for the specific activity of Thal in MM.
  • GEITZ H, HANDT S, ZWINGENBERGER K: Thalidomide selectively modulates the density of cell surface molecules involved in the adhesion cascade. Immunopharmacology (1996) 31:213–221.
  • SAMPAIO EP, SARNO EN, GALILLY R et al.: Thalidomide selectively inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha production by stimulated human monocytes. " Exp. Med. (1991) 173:699–703.
  • MARRIOTT JB, MULLER G, DALGLEISH AG: Thalidomide as an emerging immunotherapeutic agent. Immunol Today(1999) 20:538–540.
  • MCHUGH SM, RIFKIN IR, DEIGHTON J et al.: The immunosuppressive drug thalidomide induces T helper cell Type 2 (Th2) and concomitantly inhibits Thl cytokine production in mitogen- and antigen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. Clin. Exp. Immunol (1995) 99:160–167.
  • DAVIES FE, RAJE N, HIDESHIMA T et al.: Thalidomide and immunomodulatory derivatives augment natural killer cell cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma. Blood (2001) 98:210–216.
  • BAIDAS SM, WINER EP, FLEMING GF et al.: Phase II evaluation of thalidomide in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Clin. Oncol (2000) 18:2710–2717.
  • •Original study of the activity of Thal in breast cancer.
  • EISEN T, BOSHOFF C, MAK I et al: Continous low dose thalidomide: a Phase II study in advanced melanoma, renal cell, ovarian and breast cancer. Br. Cancer (2000) 82:812–817.
  • DALIANI D: Development of angiogenesis inhibition as therapy for prostate cancer. Oncology (Huntingt) (2000) 14:21–23.
  • YARCHOAN R: Therapy for Kaposi's sarcoma: recent advances and experimental approaches.' Acquic Immune Defic. Synch: (1999) 21\(Suppl. 1):566–573.
  • RAJKUMAR SV, FONSECA R, DISPENZIERI A et al.: Thalidomide in the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clinic Proc. (2000) 75:897–901.
  • BARLOGIE B, ZANGARI M, SPENCER T et al.: Thalidomide in the management of multiple myeloma. Semin. Hematol (2001) 38:250–259.
  • RAJE N, ANDERSON K: Thalidomide - a revival story. N Engl. .1. Med. (1999) 341:1606–1609.
  • JULIUSSON G, CELSING F, MALM C et al.: Frequent good partial remission from thalidomide including best response ever in patients with advanced refractory and relapsed myeloma. Br. Haematol (2000) 109:89–96.
  • KNELLER A, RAANANI P, BEN-BASSAT I et al.: Therapy with thalidomide in refractory multiple myeloma patients - the revival of an old drug. Br. Haematol (2000) 108:391–393.
  • ALEXANIAN R, WEBER D, GIRALT S, DELASALLE K: Consolidation therapy of multiple myeloma with thalidomide-dexamethasone after intensive chemotherapy. Ann. Oncol (2002) 13:1116–1119.
  • DIMOPOULOS MA, ZERVAS K, KOUVATSEAS G et al.: Thalidomide and dexamethasone combination for refractory multiple myeloma. Annals Onc. (2001) 12:991–995.
  • WEBER D, RANKIN K, GAVINO M et al.: Thalidomide alone or with dexamethasone for previously untreated multiple myeloma. .1 Clin. Oncol (2003) 21:16–19.
  • •Interesting for the innovative application of Thal in patients with IVEVI previously untreated
  • MOEHLER TM, NEBEN K, BENNER A et al.: Salvage therapy for multiple myeloma with thalidomide and CED chemotherapy. Blood (2001) 98:3846–3848.
  • ZANGARI M, ANAISSIE E, BARLOGIE B et at: Increased risk of deep-vein thrombosis in patients with multiple myeloma receiving thalidomide and chemotherapy. Blood (2001) 98:1614–1615.
  • GARCIA-SANZ R, GONZALEZ-FRAILE MI, SIERRA M, LOPEZ C, GONZALEZ M, SAN MIGUEL JF: The combination of thalidomide, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (ThaCyDex) is feasible and can be an option for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Hematol (2002) 3:43–48.
  • RICHARDSON PG, SCHLOSSMAN RL, HIDESHIMA T: A Phase I study of oral CC5013, an immunomodulatory thalidomide derivative in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Blood (2001) 98:775 (Abstract).
  • SELDIN DC, CHOUFANI EB, DEMBER LM et al.: Tolerability and efficacy of thalidomide for the teratment of patients with light chain-associated (AL) amyloidosis. Clin. Lymphoma (2003) 3:241–246.
  • DIMOPOULOS MA, ZOMAS A, VINIOU NA et al: Treatment of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with thalidomide.j Clin. Omni (2001) 19:3596–3601.
  • TREON SP, AGUS TB, LINK B et al.: CD-20-directed antibody-mediated immunotherapy induces responses and facilitates hematologic recovery in patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Immunother. (2001) 24:272–279.
  • DESIKAN R, LI Z, JAGANNATH S: Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia: current therapy and future approaches. BioDrugs (2002) 6:201–207.
  • COLEMAN M, LEONARD J, LYONS L et al.: Treatment of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with clarithromycin, low-dose thalidomide, and dexamethasone. Semin. Omni (2003) 30:270–274.
  • RIBATTI D, VACCA A, NICO B, FANELLI M, RONCALI L, DAMMACCO F: Angiogenesis spectrum in the stroma of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Euc Haematol (1996) 56:45–53.
  • RIBATTI D, VACCA A, MARZULLO A, RIA R, RONCALI L, DAMMACCO F: Angiogenesis extent and density of mast cells with tryptase activity increase simultaneously with pathological progression in B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphomas. hat. Cancer (2000) 85:171–175.
  • VACCA A, RIBATTI D, RUCO L et al:Angiogenesis extent and macrophage density increase simultaneously with pathological progression in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Br. I Cancer (1999) 79:965–970.
  • WILSON EA, JOPANPUTRA S, JACKSON R, PARKER AN, MCQUAKERIG: Response to thalidomide in chemotherapy-resistant mantle cell lymphoma. A case report. Br. J. Haematol. (2002) 119:128–130.
  • PADRO' T, RUIZ S, BIEKER R et al.: Increased angiogenesis in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood(2000) 95:2637–2644.
  • STEINS MB, PADRO T, BIEJER R et al.: Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood (2002) 99:834–839.
  • PRUNERI G, BERTOLINI F, SOLIGO D et al.: Angiogenesis in MDS. Br. j Cancer (1999) 81:1398–1401.
  • RAZA A, MEYERP, DUTT D et al: Thalidomide produces transfusion independence in long-standing refractory anemias of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood (2001) 98:958–65.
  • STRUPP C, GERMING U, AIVADO M, MISGELD E, HAAS R, GATTERMANN N: Thalidomide for the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia (2002) 16:1–6.
  • RAZA A: Anti-TNF therapies in rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, sepsis, and myelodysplastic syndromes. Microsc. Res. Tech. (2000) 50:229–235.
  • FINE HA: The basis for current treatment recommendations for malignant gliomas. Neurooncol. (1994) 20:111–121.
  • •Useful for understanding current treatments in gliomas.
  • TAKAHASHI J, FUKUMOTO M, IGORSHI K et al.: Correlations of bFGF expression levels with degree of malignancy and vascularity in human gliomas. Neurosurg. (1992) 76:792–798.
  • ZAGZAG D, MILLER D, SATO Y et al.: Immunohistochemical localization of bFGF in astrocytomas. Cancer Res. (1990) 50:7393–7398.
  • PLATE KH, BREIER G, WEICH HA et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor is a potential tumour angiogenesis factor in human gliomas in vivo. Nature (1992) 359:845–848.
  • SHWEIKI D, ITIN A, SOFFER D et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by hypwda-initiated angiogenesis. Nature (1992) 352:843–845.
  • BREM S, COTRAN R, FOLKMAN J: Tumour angiogenesis: A quantitative method for histologic grading.' Nati Cancer Inst. (1972) 48:347–356.
  • MILLAUER B, SHAWVER LK, PLATE KH et al.: Glioblastoma growth inhibited in vivo by a dominant-negative Flk-1 mutant. Nature (1994) 367:576–579.
  • MAXWELL M, NABER SP, WOLFE HJ et al.: Coexpression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF-receptor genes by primary human astrocytomas may contribute to their development and maintenance. J. Clin. Invest. (1990) 86:131–140.
  • HSU SC, VOLPERT OV, STECK PA et al.: Inhibition of angiogenesis in human glioblastomas by chromosome 10 induction of thrombospondin. Cancer Res. (1996) 56:5684–5691.
  • SHORT SC, TRAISH D, DOWE A et al.: Thalidomide as an anti-angiogenic agent in relapsed gliomas. Neuroonc. (2001) 51:41–45.
  • MARX GM, PAVLAKIS N, MCCOWATT S et al.: Phase II study of thalidomide in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Neuroonc. (2001) 54:31–38.
  • GASPARINI G, MORABITO A, MAGNANI E, GATTUSO D, CAPACCETTI B, ALBERTI AM: Thalidomide: an old sedative-hypnotic with anticancer activity? Can: Opinion Invest. Drugs (2001) 2(9):1302–1308.
  • •Original clinical study in gjioblastoma multiforme.
  • HOUGHTON AN, BLOOMER WD, CHU D et al.: NCCN practice guidelines for melanoma: the complete library of NCCN guidelines (CD-ROM). Version 2000. National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Rockledge, PA, USA (2000).
  • ROSENBERG SA, YANG JC, SCHWARTZENTRUBER DJ et al.: Prospective randomized trial of the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma using chemotherapy with cisplatin, dacarbazine, and tamoxifen alone or in combination with interleukin-2 and interferon a-2b. Clin. Oncol. (1999) 17:968–975.
  • DORRAL T, NEIGRIER S, CHEVREAN C et al.: Randomized trial of treatment with cisplatin, and interleukin-2 either alone or in combination with interferon a-2a in patients with metastatic melanoma. Cancer (1999) 85:1060–1066.
  • MIDDLETON MR, GROB JJ, AARONSON N et al.: Randomized Phase III study of temozolamide versus dacarbazine in the treatment of patients with advanced metastatic malignant melanoma. Clin. Oncol. (2000) 18:158–166.
  • ARANCE A, MIDDLETON M, LORIGAN PC et al.: Three-arm Phase II study of temozolamide (TMZ) in metastatic melanoma (MM): preliminary results. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2000) 19:573a (Abstract 2257).
  • AHMED M, READY N, ARONSON F et al.: Phase II study of outpatient bio-chemotherapy with temozolamide, for metastatic melanoma: BRUOG MEL 69. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2001) 20:2876 (Abstract 2900).
  • ATKINS MB, GOLLOB JA, MIER JW et al.: Phase II pilot trial of concurrent biochemotherapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, temozolamide (CVT), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon a-2b (IFN) in patients with metastatic melanoma. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2001) 20:349a (Abstract 1391). llo. BLEECHEN NM, NEWLANDS ES, LEE SM et al.: Cancer Research campaign Phase II trial of temozolamide in metastatic melanoma. Clin. Oncol. (1995) 13:910–913.
  • BROCK CS, NEWLANDS ES, WEDGE SR et al.: Phase I trial of temozolamide using an extended continuous oral schedule. Cancer Res. (1998) 58:4363–4367.
  • HWU WJ, KROWN SE, PANAGEAS KS et al.: Temozolamide plus thalidomide in patients with advanced melanoma: results of a dose-finding trial. Clin. Oncol. (2002) 20:2610–2615.
  • FOLKMAN J: Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid, and other disease. Nat. Med. (1995) 1:27–31.
  • TEICHER BA, HOLDEN SA, GULSHAN A et al.: Potentiation of cytotoxic cancer therapies by TNP-470 alone and with other antiangiogenic agents. hat. Cancer(1994) 57:920–925.
  • MOTZER RJ, BANDER NH, NANUS DM et al.: Renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl. Med. (1996) 335:865–875.
  • NANUS DM, SCHMITZ-DRAGER BJ, MOTZER RJ: Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in primary human renal tumors: correlation with poor survival. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1993) 85:1597–1579.
  • NATHAN PD, EISEN G: The biological treatment of renal cell carcinoma and melanoma. Lancet Oncol. (2002) 3:89–96.
  • MIZUTANI Y, CHAUHAN D, SHIMA Y et al.: Over coming TNF-a and drug resistance of human renal cell carcinoma cells by treatment with pentoxifylline in combination with TNF-alpha prodrugs: the role of TNF-a downregulation in tumor cell sensitisation. J. Urol. (1994) 151:1697–1702.
  • ESCUDIER B, LASSAU N, COUANET D et al.: Phase II trial of thalidomide in renal cell carcinoma. Ann. Omni (2002) 13(7):1029–1035.
  • DESAI AA, VOGELZANG NJ, RINI BI et al.: A high rate of venous thromboembolism in a multi-institutional Phase II trial of weekly intravenous gemcitabine with continuous infusion fluorouracil and daily thalidomide in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer (2002) 95(8):1629–1636.
  • STEBBING J, BENSON C, EISEN Y et al.: The treatment of advanced renal cell cancer with high-dose oral thalidomide. Br. J. Cancer (2001) 85(7):953–958.
  • MOTZER RJ, BERGW, GINSBERG et al.: Phase II trial of Thalidomide for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. J. CM]. Oncol (2002) 20(1):302–306.
  • DALIANI DD, PAPANDREOU CN, THALL PF et al.: A pilot study of thalidomide in patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer (2002) 95(4):758–765.
  • MINOR DR, MONROE D, DAMICO LA et al: A Phase II study of thalidomide in advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Invest. New Drugs (2002) 20(4):389–393.
  • MOTZER RJ, MAZUMDAR M, BACIK J et al.: Survival and prognostic stratification of 670 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. (1999) 17:2530–2540.
  • TRAVIS WD, COLBY TV, CORRIN B: World Health Organization Classification of Lung and Pleural Tumors (3rd Edn). Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1999).
  • CARNEY DN: Lung cancer - time to move on from chemotherapy. N Engl. I Med. (2002) 346:126–128.
  • BROKER LE, GIACC ONE G: The role of new agents in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Ear. J. Cancer (2002) 38:23476–23461.
  • MERCHANT JJ, HAMMES LC, LARSON ML et al: Pilot and safety trial of carboplatin, paclitaxel and thalidomide in advanced non small cell lung cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2002) 19 (Abstract No. 2130).
  • SCHNEIDER J, WNENDT S, KORIOTH J et al.: Thalidomide inhibits superantigen-induced TNFa release in mice. 12th European Immunology Meeting of the European Federation of Immunologic Societies, Barcelona, Spain (1994).
  • KELLY K: New chemotherapeutic agents for small cell lung cancer. Chest (2000) 117\(Suppl. 4):1565–1625.
  • MALL JVV, PHILIPP AW, MALL W et al: Long-term survival of a patient with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) following treatment with thalidomide and combination chemotherapy. Angiogenesis (2002) 5:11–13.
  • FIFE K, HOWARD MR, GRACIE F et al: Activity of thalidomide in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and correlation with HHV8 titre. Int.j STD AIDS (1998) 9:751–755.
  • LITTLE RF, WYVILL KM, PLUDA JM et al.: Activity of thalidomide in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Clin. Oncol. (2000) 18:2593–602.
  • GOVINDARAJAN R, HEATON KM, BROAD WATER R et al.: Effect of thalidomide on gastrointestinal toxic effects of irinotecan. Lancet (2000) 356:566–567.
  • FIGG WD, DAHUT W, DURAY P et al.: A randomised Phase II trial of thalidomide, an angiogenesis inhibitor, in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. (2001) 7:1888–1893.
  • MCNAMARA MJ, ALEXANDER HR, NORTON JA: Cytokines and their role in the pathophysiology of cancer cachexia. .1 Parenter. Enteral. Nun: (1992) 16:50S–55S.
  • BOASBERG PD, O'DAY SJ, WEISBERG M et al.: Thalidomide induced cessation of weight loss and improved advanced cancer patients with cachexia. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2000) (Abstract 2396).
  • ZELDIS JB, WILLIAMS BA, THOMAS SD, ELSAYED ME: STEPS.: a comprehensive program for controlling and monitoring access to thalidomide. Ther. (1999) 21:310–330.
  • HARLAND CC, STEVENTON GB, MARSDEN JR: Thalidomide-induced neuropathy and genetic differences in drug metabolism. Eur. Clin. Pharmacol (1995) 49:1–16.
  • RAJKUMAR SV, GERTZ MA, WITZIG TE: Life-threatening toxic epidermal necrolysis with thalidomide therapy for myeloma. N Engl. I Med. (2000) 343:972–973.
  • FLAGEUL B, WALLACH D, CAVELIER-BALLOY B, BACHELEZ H, CARSUZAA F, DUBERTRET L: Thalidomide and thrombosis. Ann. Dermatol. Venereol (2000) 127:171–174.
  • OSMAN K, COMENZO R, RAJKUMAR SV: Deep venous thrombosis and thalidomide therapy for multiple myeloma. N Engl.j Med. (2001) 344:1951–1952.
  • ZANGARI M, SIEGEL E, ANASSIE E et al: risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in a large group of myeloma patients (Pts) treated with thalidomide (Thal). Blood (2001) 98 (Abstract 681).
  • HUSSEIN MA: Research on thalidomide in solid tumors, hematologic malignancies, and supportive care. Oncology (2000) 14:9–15.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.