133
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

The therapeutic potential of somatostatin receptor ligands in the treatment of obesity and diabetes

Pages 1501-1509 | Published online: 02 Mar 2005

Bibliography

  • MOKDAD AH, SERDULA MK, DIETZ WH, BOWMAN BA, MARKS JS, KOPLAN JP: The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States. 1991-1998. JAMA (1999) 282:1519–1522.
  • KOPELMAN PG: Obesity as a medical problem. Nature (2000) 404:635–643.
  • ••Review paper that describes the globalepidemic of obesity and the dysmetabolic syndrome; this article provides the conceptional framework of an epidemic that threatens global health.
  • CALLE EE, THUN MJ, PETRELLI JM, RODRIGUEZ C, HEATH CW: Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of US adults. N Engl. J. Med. (1999) 341:1097–1105.
  • CALLE EE, RODRIGUEZ C,WALKER- THURMOND K, THUN MJ: Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of US adults. N Engl. J. Med. (2003) 348:1625–1638.
  • •Provides convincing evidence that obesity is associated with increased death rates from cancer at multiple specific sites.
  • WHO: Obesity- Prevention and Managing the Global Epidemic. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland (1998).
  • KORNER J, ARONNE LJ: The emerging science of body weight regulation and its impact on obesity treatment. J. Clin. Invest. (2003) 111:565–570.
  • ••Very instructive review on regulation ofenergy homeostasis, body weight regulation and emerging novel concepts for obesity treatment.
  • REAVEN GM: Pathophysiology of insulin resistance in human disease. Plosiol. Rev (1995) 75(3):473–486.
  • •State-of-the-art review on insulin resistance.
  • BONADONNA RC, GROOP L, KRAEMER N: Obesity and insulin resistance in humans: a dose response study. Metabolism (1990) 39:452–459.
  • WHO STUDY GROUP: Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland (1994).
  • YORK DA: Lessons from animal models of obesity. Endocrinol Metab. Clin. North Am. (1996) 25:781–800.
  • MARIN P, RUSSEFFE-SCRIVE A, SMITH J, BJORNTORP P: Glucose uptake in human adipose tissue. Metabolism (1988) 36:1154–1164.
  • LILLIOJA S, NYOMBA B, SAAD M et al: Exaggerated early insulin release and insulin resistance in a diabetes-prone population: a metabolic comparison of Pima Indians and caucasians. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. (1991) 73:866–876.
  • HAFFNER SM, D'AGOSTINO R, SAAD MF et al.: Increased insulin resistance and insulin secretion in non-diabetic African-Americans and Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study. Diabetes (1996) 45:742–748.
  • POSTIC C, BURCELIN R, RENCUREL F et al.: Evidence for a transient inhibitory effect of insulin on GLUT2 expression in the liver: studies in vivo and in vitro. Biorbem. J. (1993) 293:119–124.
  • THORENS B, FLIER JS, LODISH HF, KAHN BB: Differential regulation of two glucose transporters in rat liver by fasting and refeeding and by diabetes and insulin treatment. Diabetes (1990) 39:712–719.
  • KNUTSON VP: Proteolytic processing of the insulin receptor beta subunit is associated with insulin-induced receptor down-regulation. J. Biol. Chem. (1991) 266:15656–15662.
  • RAMSAY TG: Fat cells. Endocrinol Metab. Clin. North Am. (1996) 25:847–870.
  • SIGAL RJ, EL-HASHIMY M, MARTIN BC, SOELDNER JS, KROLEWSKI AS, WARRAM JH: Acute post-challenge hyperinsulinemia predicts weight gain. Diabetes (1997) 46:1025–1029.
  • •Important study that shows the predictive value of postchallenge hyperinsulinaemia and future weight gain.
  • LESTUNFF C, BOUGNERES P: Early changes in postprandial insulin secretion, not in insulin sensitivity, characterize juvenile obesity. Diabetes (1994) 43:696–702.
  • CAMPFIELD LA, SMITH FJ, MACKIE G et al.: Insulin normalization as an approach to the pharmacological treatment of obesity. Obesity Res. (1995) 3:591S–603S.
  • BRAY GA, TARTAGLIA LA: Medicinal strategies in the treatment of obesity. Nature (2000) 404:672–677.
  • •Describes in detail various concepts for obesity treatment.
  • YANOVSKI SZ, YANOVSKI JA: Obesity. N. Engl. J. Med. (2002) 346:591–602.
  • ••Review on current state-of-the-arttreatment for obesity.
  • O'RAHILLY SP, NUGENT Z, RUDENSKI AS et al.: Beta-cell dysfunction, rather than insulin insensitivity, is the primary defect in familial Type 2 diabetes. Lancet (1986) 2:360–364.
  • KOSAKE K, KUZUYA T, HAGURA R, YOSHINAGA H: Insulin response to oral glucose load is consistently decreased in established non-insulin dependent diabetes: the usefulness of decreased early insulin response as a predictor of diabetes mellitus. Diabet. Med. (1996) 13:S109–S119.
  • REAVEN GM, HOLLENBECK CB, CHEN YDI: Relationship between glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, insulin action in non-obese individuals with varying degrees of glucose tolerance. Diabetologia (1989) 32:52–55.
  • PIMENTA W, MITRAKOU A, JENSEN T, YKI-JARVINEN H, DAILY G, GERICH J: Insulin secretion and insulin deficiency in people with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabet. Med. (1986) 13:S33–S36.
  • ZIMMET P, WHITEHOUSE S, ALFORD F, CHRISHOLM D: The relationship of insulin response to a glucose stimulus over a wide range of glucose tolerance. Diabetologia (1978) 15:23–27.
  • KLEIN R: The epidemiology of eye disease.In: Textbook of Diabetes (2nd edni. JC Pickup, G Williams (Eds), Blackwell Sciences, Oxford, England (1997) 44:1–44.9.
  • KOHNER EM: Diabetic retinopathy. Br. Med. J. (1993) 307:1195–99.
  • •General overview on DR.
  • THE DIABETES CONTROL AND COMPLICATIONS TRIAL RESEARCH GROUP: Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with Type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/ Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. N Engl. J. Med. (2000) 342:381–389.
  • UK PROSPECTIVE DIABETES STUDY (UKPDS) GROUP: Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet (1998) 352:837–853.
  • CHATURVEDI N, SJOELIE A-K, PORTA M et al.: Markers of insulin resistance are strong risk factors for retinopathy incidence in Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care (2001) 24:284–289.
  • •Study provides a link between insulin resistance/presence of the dysmetabolic syndrome and classical microvascular complications.
  • GROOP L, OHRO-MELANDER M: The dysmetabolic syndrome. J. Intern. Med. (2001) 250:105–120.
  • ALBERTI K, ZIMMET: Consultation W. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus, provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet. Med. (1998) 15:539–553.
  • PORETSKY L, CATALDO NA, ROSENWAKS Z, GIUDICE LC: The insulin-related ovarian regulatory system in health and disease. Endocc Rev (1999) 20:535–582.
  • GRANT MB, CABALLERO S: Somatostatin analogues as drug therapies for retinopathies. Drugs Today (2002) 38:783–791.
  • •Elegant review on the topic.
  • LAMBERTS SWJ, DE HERDER WW, HOFLAND LJ: Somatostatin analogs in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metabol (2001) 13:451–457.
  • •A general overview of SST pharmacology, especially targeted chemo- and radiotherapy and diagnosis of cancer.
  • LAMBERTS SWJ, VAN DER LELY AJ, DE HERDER WW, HOFLAND LJ: Drug therapy: octreotide. N Engl. .1. Med. (1996) 334:246–254.
  • JEANRENAUD B: An hypothesis on the aetiology of obesity: dysfunction of the central nervous system as a primary cause. Diabetologie (1985) 28:502–513.
  • SATOH N, OGAWA Y, KATSURA G et al: Pathophysiological significance of the obese gene product, leptin in ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-lesioned rats: evidence for loss of its satiety effect in VMH-lesioned rats. Endocrinology (1997) 138:947–954.
  • BRAY GA, NISHIZAWA Y: Ventromedial hypothalamus modulates fat mobilization during fasting. Nature (1978) 274:900–902.
  • ••Landmark paper on central nervous systemcontrol of food intake.
  • SCHWARTZ MW, WOODS SC, PORTE D, SEELEY RJ, BASKIN DG: Central nervous system control of food intake. Nature (2000) 404:661–671.
  • •Review, gives detailed information on neuronal circuits that control food intake.
  • BRAY GA, GALLAGHER TF: Manifestations of hypothalamic obesity in man: a comprehensive investigation of eight patients and a review of the literature. Medicine (1975) 54:301–333.
  • LUSTIG RH: Hypothalamic obesity: the sixth cranial endocrinopathy. Endocrinologist (2002) 12:210–217.
  • PINTO G, BUSSIERES L, RECASENS C, SOUBERBIELLE JC, ZERAH M, BRAUNER R: Hormonal factors influencing weight and growth pattern in craniopharyngioma. Hormone Res. (2000) 53:163–169.
  • LUSTIG RH, ROSE SR, BURGHEN GA et al.: Hypothalamic obesity in children caused by cranial insult: altered glucose and insulin dynamics, and reversal by a somatostatin agonist. Pediatrics (1999) 135:162–168.
  • LUSTIG RH: The neuroendocrinology of obesity. Endocrinol Metab. Clin. North Am. (2001) 30:765–785.
  • VELASQUEZ-MIEYER PA, BUFFINGTON CK et al.: Primary insulin hypersecretion: a specific and remediable subtype of obesity. 11th International Congress of Endocrinology Sydney, Australia (2000) P1054 (Abstract).
  • VELASQUEZ-MIEYER PA, COWAN PA, ARHEART KL et al: Suppression of insulin secretion is associated with weight loss and altered macronutrient intake and preference in a subset of obese adults. Int. .1. Obesity (2003) 27:219–226.
  • ••Clinical study that provides proof that thesuppression of hyperinsulinaemia in obese adults with insulin hypersecretion by use of SMS analogue treatment is effective and favours weight loss.
  • LUSTIG RH, HINDS PS, RINGWALD-SMITH K et al.: Octreotide therapy of pediatric hypothalamic obesity: A double-blind, placebo controlled trial. ./. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. (2003) 88:2586–2592.
  • •Randomised trial that shows that octreotide induces suppression of insulin and weight stabilisation in hypothalamic obesity.
  • CIOTTA L, DE LEO V, GALVANI F, LA MARCA A, CIANCI A: Endocrine and metabolic effects of octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, in lean PCOS patients with either hyperinsulinemia or lean normoinsulinemia. Hum. Reprod. (1999) 14:2951–2958.
  • PRELEVIC GM, GINSBURG J, MALETIC D et al.: The effects of the somatostatin analogue octreotide on ovulatory performance in women with polycystic ovaries. Hum. Reprod. (1995) 10:28–32.
  • GONI MH, MARKUSSIS V, TOLIS G: Octreotide effect on ovarian morphology in insulin-resistant PCOS patients following six-month decapeptyl treatment. Am. Reprod. Immunol (1994) 31:104–111.
  • PIADITIS GP, HATZIIOANIDIS AH, TROVAS GP et al.: The effect of sequential administration of octreotide alone and octreotide/growth hormone simultaneously on buserelin stimulated ovarian steroid secretion in women with polycstic ovary syndrome. Clin. Endocrinol (1996) 45:595–604.
  • BOEHM BO, LUSTIG RH: Use of somatostatin receptor ligands in obesity and diabetic complications. Baillieres Best Pract. Res. Clin. Castroenterol (2002) 16:493–509.
  • FLYVBJERG A: Growth factors and diabetic complications. Diabet. Med. (1970) 7:387–399.
  • ADAMIS AP, MILLER JW, BDERNAL M-T et al.: Increased vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the vitreous of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Am.,/ Ophthalmol (1994) 118:445–450.
  • AIELLO LP, AVERY RL, ARRIGG PG et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. (1994) 331:1480–1487.
  • ••Landmark paper which describes VEGF asprim= movens in DR at an advanced stage.
  • BOUCK N: PEDF: anti-angiogenic guardian of ocular function. Trends Ma Med. (2002) 8:330–334.
  • ••Review on the role of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors in the eye.
  • KONDO T, VICENT D, SUZUMA K et al.: Knockout of insulin and IGF-1 receptors on vascular endothelial cells protect against retinal neovascularization. Clin. Invest. (2003) 111:1835–1842.
  • BOEHM BO, LANG G,VOLPERT 0 et al.: Low level of the natural ocular anti-angiogenic pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in aqueous humor predicts progression of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia (2003) 46:394–400.
  • VAN HAGEN PM, BAARSMA GS, MOOY CM et al.: Somatostatin and somatostatin receptors in retinal diseases. Eur.j Endocrinol. (2000) 143s:43–51.
  • WILSON SH, DAVIS MI, CABALLERO S, GRANT MB: Modulation of retinal endothelial cell behaviour by insulin-like growth Factor I and somatostatin analogues: implications for diabetic retinopathy. Growth Hormone IGF Res. (2001) 11:S53–S59.
  • BOEHM BO, FELDMANN B, LANG GK, LANG GE: Treatment of diabetic retinopathy with lomng-acting somatostatin analogues. In: Octreotide: the Next Decade. SWJ Lamberts (Ed.). BioScientifica, Bristol, England (1999):241–257.
  • •Detailed review on natural causes of retinopathy. Paper also provides a detailed list of interventional trials with SMS analogues in DR.
  • GRANT MB, MAMES RN, FITZGERALD C et al.: The efficacy of octreotide in the therapy of severe nonproliferative and early proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a randomized controlled study. Diabetes Care (2000) 23:504–509.
  • ••First controlled trial which showed that theuse of the SMS analogue octreotide was effective in reducing progression of DR at clinical stages just prior to laser coagulation.
  • BOEHM BO, LANG GK,JEHLE PM, FELDMANN B, LANG GE: Octreotide reduces risk for vitreous hemorrhages and loss of visual acuity in patients with high risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Horm. Metab. Res. (2001) 33:300–306.
  • ••First controlled trial showing thatoctreotide is effective in advanced stages of DR, i.e., after panretinal laser coagulation to stop progression.
  • CLEMENS A, KLEVESATH MS, HOFMANN M et al.: Octreotide (somatostatin analogue) treatment reduces endothelial cell dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus. Metabolism (1999) 48:1236–1240.
  • •Clinical trial that details markers of endothelial dysfunction under SMS analogue therapy.
  • KUIJPERS RWAM, BAARSMA GS, VAN HAGEN PM: Treatment of cystoid macular edema with octreotide. N Engl. Med. (1998) 338:624–626.
  • FERNANDEZ-REAL JM, RICART W: Insulin resistance and chronic cardiovascular inflammatory syndrome. Endocrine Rev (2003) 24:278–301.
  • LEGRO RS: Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular disease: a premature association? Endocrine Rev (2003) 24:302–312.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.