The therapeutic potential of agents targeting the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor

Bibliography

• MENDELSOHN J, BASELGAJ: The EGF receptor family as targets for cancer therapy. Oncogene (2000) 19:6550–6565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAYMOND E, FAIVRE S, ARMAND JP: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase as a target for anticancer therapy. Drugs (2000) 60\(Suppl. 1):15–23.
   Google Scholar
• FUKUOKA M, YANO S, GIACCONE G et al.: Multi-institutional randomized Phase II trial of gefitinib for previously treated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin. Oncol (2003) 21:2237–2246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAEZ JG, JANNE PA, LEE JC et al: EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy. Science (2004) 304:1497–1500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ULLRICH A, GRAY A, TAM AW et al: Insulin-like growth factor I receptor primary structure: comparison with insulin receptor suggests structural determinants that define functional specificity. Embo. (1986) 5:2503–2512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEPP-LORENZINO L: Structure and function of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. (1998) 47:235–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOLLER DE, YOKOTA A, CARO JF, FLIER JS: Tissue-specific expression of two alternatively spliced insulin receptor mRNAs in man. MM. Endocrinol (1989) 3:1263–1269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAPA V, PEZZINO V, COSTANTINO Aet al.: Elevated insulin receptor content in human breast cancer. J. Clin. Invest. (1990) 86:1503–1510.
   Google Scholar
• MILAZZO G, GIORGINO F, DAMANTE G et al.: Insulin receptor expression and function in human breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. (1992) 52:3924–3930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PANDINI G, VIGNERI R, COSTANTINO A et al: Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) receptor overexpression in breast cancers leads to insulin/IGF-1 hybrid receptor overexpression: evidence for a second mechanism of IGF-1 signaling. Clin. Cancer Res. (1999) 5:1935–1944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRITTITTA L, SCIACCA L, CATALFAMO R et al.: Functional insulin receptors are overexpressed in thyroid tumors: is this an early event in thyroid tumorigenesis? Cancer (1999) 85:492–498.
   Google Scholar
• VELLA V, PANDINI G, SCIACCA L et al.: A novel autocrine loop involving IGF-II and the insulin receptor isoform-A stimulates growth of thyroid cancer. j Clin. Endocrinol Metab (2002) 87:245–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCIACCA L, MINEO R, PANDINI G et al.: In IGF-1 receptor-deficient leiomyosarcoma cells autocrine IGF-2 induces cell invasion and protection from apoptosis via the insulin receptor isoform A. Oncogene (2002) 21:8240–8250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PANDINI G, FRASCA F, MINEO R et al:Insulin/insulin-like growth factor I hybrid receptors have different biological characteristics depending on the insulin receptor isoform involved. J. Biol. Chem. (2002) 277:39684–39695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZHANG X, YEE D: Tyrosine kinase signalling in breast cancer: insulin-like growth factors and their receptors in breastcancer. Breast Cancer Res. (2000) 2:170–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VUORI K, RUOSLAHTI E: Association of insulin receptor substrate-1 with integrins. Science (1994) 266:1576–1578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAURO L, SALERNO M, MORELLI C et al.: Role of the IGF-1 receptor in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion: implications in cancer development and progression. Physiol (2003) 194:108–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAILE LA, CLEMMONS DR: The av133 integrin regulates insulin-like growth factor I (IGF_i) receptor phosphorylation by altering the rate of recruitment of the Src-homology 2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase-2 to the activated IGF-1 receptor. Endocrinology (2002) 143:4259–4264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PERKS CM, HOLLY JM: Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in breast cancer. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia (2000) 5:75–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PERKS CM, HOLLY JM: IGFBPs and breast cancer. Breast disease (2003) 17:91–104.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RITVOS 0, RANTA T, JALKANEN J et al.: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein from human decidua inhibits the binding and biological action of IGF-1 in cultured choriocarcinoma cells. Endocrinology (1988) 122:2150–2157.
   Google Scholar
• BLUM WF, JENNE EW, REPPIN F et al.: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1)-binding protein complex is a better mitogen than free IGF-1. Endocrinology (1989) 125:766–772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORRIONE A, VALENTINIS B, XU SQ et al.: Insulin-like growth factor II stimulates cell proliferation through the 1574 Expert Op/n. lnvestig. Drugs (2004)13(12) insulin receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1997) 94:3777–3782.
   Google Scholar
• ELLIS MJ, LEAV BA, YANG Z et al: Affinity for the insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-2) receptor inhibits autocrine IGF-2 activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MM. Endocrinol (1996) 10:286–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HANKINS GR, DE SOUZA AT, BENTLEY RC et al.: M6P/IGF2 receptor: a candidate breast tumor suppressor gene. Oncogene (1996) 12: 2003-2009.
   Google Scholar
• CULLEN KJ, YEE D, SLY WS et al: Insulin-like growth factor receptor expression and function in human breast cancer. Cancer Res. (1990) 50:48–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HELLAWELL GO, TURNER GD, DAVIES DR et al.: Expression of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor is up-regulated in primary prostate cancer and commonly persists in metastatic disease. Cancer Res. (2002) 62:2942–2950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SURMACZ E: Growth factor receptors as therapeutic targets: strategies to inhibit the insulin-like growth factor I receptor. Oncogene (2003) 22:6589–6597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEROITH D, ROBERTS CT Jr: The insulin-like growth factor system and cancer. Cancer Lett. (2003) 195:127–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALMEIDA A, MULERIS M, DUTRILLAUX B, MALFOY B: The insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene is the target for the 15q26 amplicon in breast cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer (1994) 11:63–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KALEKO M, RUTTER WJ, MILLER AD:Overexpression of the human insulinlike growth factor I receptor promotes ligand-dependent neoplastic transformation. MM. Cell. Biol. (1990) 10:464–473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SELL C, DUMNEIL G, DEVEAUD C et al: Effect of a null mutation of the type 1 IGF receptor gene on growth and transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts. Ma Cell. Biol. (1994) 14:3604–3612.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •IGF-1R is required for oncogene transformation of fibroblasts.
   Google Scholar
• VALENTINIS B, PORCU P, QUINN K, BASERGA R: The role of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor in the transformation by simian virus 40 T antigen. Oncogene (1994) 9:825–831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COPPOLA D, FERBER A, MIURA M et al.: A functional insulin-like growth factor I receptor is required for the mitogenic and transforming activities of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Ma Cell. Biol. (1994) 14:4588–4595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VALENTINIS B, MORRIONE A, TAYLOR SJ, BASERGA R: Insulin-like growth factor I receptor signaling in transformation by src oncogenes. MM. Cell. Biol. (1997) 17:3744–3754.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIU JL, BLAKESLEY VA, GUTKIND JS,LEROITH D: The constitutively active mutant Ga13 transforms mouse fibroblast cells deficient in insulin-like growth factor-I receptor. Biol. Chem. (1997) 272:29438–29441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RESNICOFF M, COPPOLA D, SELL C et al.: Growth inhibition of human melanoma cells in nude mice by antisense strategies to the Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor. Cancer Res. (1994) 54:4848–4850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RESNICOFF M, SELL C, RUBINI M et al.: Rat glioblastoma cells expressing an antisense RNA to the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF_i) receptor are nontumorigenic and induce regression of wild-type tumors. Cancer Res. (1994) 54:2218–2222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REISS K, D'AMBROSIO C, TU X, TU C,BASERGA R: Inhibition of tumor growth by a dominant negative mutant of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor with a bystander effect. Clin. Cancer Res. (1998) 4:2647–2655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SACHDEV D, LI SL, HARTELL JS et al.: A chimeric humanized single-chain antibody against the type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor renders breast cancer cells refractory to the mitogenic effects of IGF-1. Cancer Res. (2003) 63:627–635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •An antibody that acts as a biochemical agonist of IGF-1R may still have anti-tumour properties.
   Google Scholar
• BASERGA R, PERUZZI F, REISS K: The IGF-1 receptor in cancer biology. hat. Cancer (2003) 107:873–877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TURNER BC, HAFFTY BG, NARAYANAN L et al: Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor overexpression mediates cellular radioresistance and local breast cancer recurrence after lumpectomy and radiation. Cancer Res. (1997) 57:3079–3083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEN B, DEUTSCH E, MARANGONI E et al.: Tyrphostin AG 1024 modulates radiosensitivity in human breast cancer cells. Br. Cancer (2001) 85:2017–2021.
   Google Scholar
• REISS K, WANG JY, ROMANO G et al.:Mechanisms of regulation of cell adhesion and motility by insulin receptor substrate-1 in prostate cancer cells. Oncogene (2001) 20:490–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NOLAN MK, JANKOWSKA L, PRISCO M et al: Differential roles of IRS-1 and SHC signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. hat. I Cancer (1997) 72:828–834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STRACKE ML, EN GEL JD, WILSON LW et al.: The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor is a motility receptor in human melanoma cells. Biol. Chem. (1989) 264:21544–21549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •First demonstration of IGF-1R's ability to regulate tumour cell motility.
   Google Scholar
• JACKSON JG, ZHANG X, YONEDA T, YEE D: Regulation of breast cancer cell motility by insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) in metastatic variants of human breast cancer cell lines. Oncogene (2001) 20:7318–7325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Activation of specific adaptor proteins by IGF-1R may dictate cancer phenotype.
   Google Scholar
• DUNN SE, EHRLICH M, SHARP NJH et al.: A dominant negative mutant of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor inhibits the adhesion; invasion; and metastasis of breast cancer. Cancer Res. (1998) 58:3353–3361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Demonstrate that inhibition of IGF-1R function may inhibit metastasis without affecting turnorigenesis.
   Google Scholar
• SACHDEV D, HARTELL JS, LEE AV, ZHANG X, YEE D: A dominant negativeType I insulin-like growth factor receptorinhibits metastasis of human cancer cells.Biol. Chem. (2004) 279:5017–5024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Demonstrate that inhibition of IGF-1R function may inhibit metastasis without affecting turnorigenesis.
   Google Scholar
• FRASCA F, PANDINI, G, VIGNERI R, GOLDFINE ID: Insulin and hybrid insulin/IGF receptors are major regulators of breast cancer cells. Breast Disease (2003) 17:73–89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GIORGINO F, BELFIORE A, MILAZZO G et al.: Overexpression of insulin receptors in fibroblast and ovary cells induces a ligand-mediated transformed phenotype. Ma Endocrinol (1991) 5:452–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RESNICOFF M, LI W, BASAK S et al: Inhibition of rat C6 glioblastoma tumor growth by expression of insulin-like growth factor I receptor antisense mRNA. Cancer Immunol haamunother: (1996) 42:64–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••
   Google Scholar
• RESNICOFF M, TJUVAJEV J, ROTMAN HL et al.: Regression of C6 rat brain tumors by cells expressing an antisense insulin-like growth factor I receptor RNA. J. Exp. Ther. Oncol (1996) 1:385–389.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SAMANI AA, FALLAVOLLITA L, JAALOUK DE, GALIPEAU J, BRODT P: Inhibition of carcinoma cell growth and metastasis by a vesicular stomatitis virus G-pseudotyped retrovector expressing type I insulin-like growth factor receptor antisense. Hum. Gene The]: (2001) 12:1969–1977.
   Google Scholar
• SALATINO M, SCHILLACI R, PROIETTI CJ et al.: Inhibition of in vivo breast cancer growth by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to type I insulin-like growth factor receptor mRNA involves inactivation of ErbBs, PI-3K/Akt and p42/ p44 MAPK signaling pathways but not modulation of progesterone receptor activity. Oncogene (2004) 23:5161–5174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOHULA EA, SALISBURY AJ, SOHAIL M et al: The efficacy of small interfering RNAs targeted to the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) is influenced by secondary structure in the IGF-1R transcript. I Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:15991–15997.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MITSIADES CS, MITSIADES NS, MCMULLAN CJ et al.: Inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 tyrosine kinase activity as a therapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma, other hematologic malignancies, and solid tumors. Cancer Cell (2004) 5:221–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••In vivo inhibition of tumour growth by small-molecule inhibitors of IGF-1R tyrosine kinase activity.
   Google Scholar
• GARCIA-ECHEVERRIA C, PEARSON MA, MARTI A et al: ha vivo antitumor activity of NVP-AEW541-A novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of the I GF-1R kinase. Cancer Cell (2004) 5:231–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••In vivo inhibition of tumour growth by small molecule inhibitors of IGF-1R tyrosine kinase activity.
   Google Scholar
• BLUM G, GAZIT A, LEVITZKI A: Development of new insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor kinase inhibitors using catechol mimics. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:40442–40454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLUM G, GAZIT A, LEVITZKI A: Substrate competitive inhibitors of IGF-1 receptor kinase. Biochemistry (2000) 39:15705–15712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Characterisation of IGF-1R substrate inhibitors.
   Google Scholar
• GIRNITA A, GIRNITA L, DEL PRETE F et al.: Cyclolignans as inhibitors of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and malignant cell growth. Cancer Res. (2004) 64:236–242.
   Google Scholar
• FURLANETTO RW, HARWELL SE, BAGGS RB: Effects of insulin-like growth factor receptor inhibition on human melanomas in culture and in athymic mice. Cancer Res. (1993) 53:2522–2526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KANTER-LEWENSOHN L, DRICU A, WANG M et al.: Expression of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and its anti-apoptotic effect in malignant melanoma: a potential therapeutic target. Melanoma Res. (1998) 8:389–397.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LAHM H, AMSTAD P, WYNIGERJ et al: Blockade of the insulin-like growth-factor-I receptor inhibits growth of human colorectal cancer cells: evidence of a functional IGF-2-mediated autocrine loop. Int. J. Cancer (1994) 58:452–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCOTLANDI K, BENINI S, NANNI P et al.: Blockage of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor inhibits the growth of Ewing's sarcoma in athymic mice. Cancer Res. (1998) 58:4127–4131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARTEAGA CL, KITTEN LJ, CORONADO EB et al: Blockade of the type I somatomedin receptor inhibits growth of human breast cancer cells in athymic mice. J. Clin. Invest. (1989) 84:1418–1423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••First demonstration of the anti-tumour properties of a monoclonal antibody directed against IGF-1R.
   Google Scholar
• KATO H, FARIA TN, STANNARD B, ROBERTS CT Jr, LEROITH D: Role of tyrosine kinase activity in signal transduction by the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) receptor. Characterization of kinase-deficient IGF-1 receptors and the action of an IGF-1-mimetic antibody (aIR-3). J. Biol. Chem. (1993) 268:2655–2661.
   Google Scholar
• MALONEY EK, MCLAUGHLIN JL, DAGDIGIAN NE et al.: An anti-insulin-like growth factor I receptor antibody that is a potent inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Res. (2003) 63:5073–5083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BURTRUM D, ZHU Z, LU D et al: A fully human monoclonal antibody to the insulin-like growth factor I receptor blocks ligand-dependent signaling and inhibits human tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Res. (2003)63:8912-8921.
   Google Scholar
• GOETSCH L, GONZALEZ A, LEGER 0 et al.: A recombinant humanized anti-insulin-like growth factor receptor type I antibody (h7C10) enhances the antitumor activity of vinorelbine and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy against human cancer xenografts. Int. J. Cancer (2004)
   Google Scholar
• LI SL, LIANG SJ, GUO N, WU AM, FUJITA-YAMAGUCHI Y: Single-chain antibodies against human insulin-like growth factor I receptor: expression, purification, and effect on tumor growth. Cancer Immunol Immunother. (2000) 49:243–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PIETRZKOWSKI Z, WERNICKE D, PORCU P, JAMESON BA, BASERGA R: Inhibition of cellular proliferation by peptide analogues of insulin-like growth factor 1. Cancer Res. (1992) 52:6447–6451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PIETRZKOWSKI Z, MULHOLLAND G, GOMELLA L et al: Inhibition of growth of prostatic cancer cell lines by peptide analogues of insulin-like growth factor 1. Cancer Res. (1993) 53:1102–1106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'AMBROSIO C, FERBER A, RESNICOFF M, BASERGA R: A soluble insulin-like growth factor I receptor that induces apoptosis of tumor cells in vivo and inhibits tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. (1996) 56:4013–4020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JIANG Y, ROM WN, YIE TA, CHI CX, TCHOU-WONG KM: Induction of tumor suppression and glandular differentiation of A549 lung carcinoma cells by dominant-negative IGF-1 receptor. Oncogene (1999) 18:6071–6077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HONGO A, YUMET G, RESNICOFF M et al.: Inhibition of tumorigenesis and induction of apoptosis in human tumor cells by the stable expression of a myristylated COOH terminus of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor. Cancer Res. (1998) 58:2477–2484.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LIU Y, LEHAR S, CORVI C, PAYNE G,O'CONNOR R: Expression of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor C terminus as a myristylated protein leads to induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. Cancer Res. (1998) 58:570–576.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGUIRE WL Jr, JACKSON JG, FIGUEROA JA et al.: Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) expression by breast cancer cells: use of IGFBP-1 as an inhibitor of insulin- like growth factor action. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1992) 84:1336–1341.
   Google Scholar
• FIGUEROA JA, SHARMA J, JACKSON JG et al: Recombinant insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 inhibits IGF-1, serum, and estrogen-dependent growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. J. Cell. Physic] (1993) 157:229–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YEE D, JACKSON JG, KOZELSKY TW, FIGUEROA JA: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 expression inhibits insulin-like growth factor I action in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cell Growth Differ. (1994) 5:73–77.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• YEE D, VAN DEN BERG CL, KOZELSKY TW, KUHN JG, COX GN: Pharmacokinetic profile of recombination human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in athymic mice. Biomed. Pharmacother. (1996) 50:154–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN DEN BERG CL, COX GN, STROH CA et al: Polyethylene glycol conjugated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) inhibits growth of breast cancer in athymic mice. Ear: J. Cancer (1997) 33:1108–1113.
   Google Scholar
• •Modified IGFBP-1 blocks tumour growth in vivo.
   Google Scholar
• NICKERSON T, HUYNH H, POLLAK M: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 induces apoptosis in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1997) 237:690–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FIRTH SM, FANAYAN S, BENN D, BAXTER RC: Development of resistance to insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in transfected T47D breast cancer cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1998) 246:325–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FOWLER CA, PERKS CM, NEWCOMB PV et al.: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) potentiates paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Int. J. Cancer (2000) 88:448–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAJAH R, VALENTINIS B, COHEN P: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 induces apoptosis and mediates the effects of transforming growth factor-beta1 on programmed cell death through a p53- and IGF-independent mechanism. Biol. Chem. (1997) 272:12181–12188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KIM HS, INGERMANN AR, TSUBAKI J et al.: Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis through a death receptor-mediated pathway in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. (2004) 64:2229–2237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JONES JI, GOCKERMAN A, BUSBY WH Jr, WRIGHT G, CLEMMONS DR: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 stimulates cell migration and binds to the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin by means of its Arg-Gly-Asp sequence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1993) 90:10553–10557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POLLAK MN, SCHERNHAMMER ES, HANKINSON SE: Insulin-like growth factors and neoplasia. Nat. Rev Cancer (2004) 4:505–518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WU Y, CUI K, MIYOSHI K et al.: Reduced circulating insulin-like growth factor I levels delay the onset of chemically and genetically induced mammary tumors. Cancer Res. (2003) 63:4384–4388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Show that circulating IGF-1 affects tumour growth in mice.
   Google Scholar
• YANG XF, BEAMER WG, HUYNH H, POLLAK M: Reduced growth of human breast cancer xenografts in hosts homozygous for the lit mutation. Cancer Res. (1996) 56:1509–1511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Shows that circulating IGF-1 affects tumour growth in mice.
   Google Scholar
• WU Y, YAKAR S, ZHAO L, HENNIGHAUSEN L, LEROITH D: Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I levels regulate colon cancer growth and metastasis. Cancer Res. (2002) 62:1030–1035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Shows that circulating IGF-1 affects tumour growth in mice.
   Google Scholar
• INGLE JN, SUMAN VJ, KARDINAL CG et al: A randomized trial of tamoxifen alone or combined with octreotide in the treatment of women with metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer (1999) 85:1284–1292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCUTCHEON IE, FLYVBJERG A, HILL H et al.: Antitumor activity of the growth hormone receptor antagonist pegvisomant against human meningiomas in nude mice. Neurosurg. (2001) 94:487–492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ELLIS MJC, LEAV BA, YANG ZJ et al:Affinity for the insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-2) receptor inhibits autocrine IGF-2 activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Ma Endocrinol. (1996) 10:286–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VELCULESCU VE, ZHANG L, VOGELSTEIN B, KINZLER KW: Serial analysis of gene expression. Science (1995) 270:484–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LI X, ADAM G, CUI H et al: Expression, promoter usage and parental imprinting status of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) in human hepatoblastoma: uncoupling of IGF2 and H19 imprinting. Oncogene (1995) 11:221–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KULL FC, JR:, JACOBS S, SU YF et al.: Monoclonal antibodies to receptors for insulin and somatomedin-C. Biol. Chem. (1983) 258:6561–6566.
   Google Scholar
• SARUP JC, JOHNSON RIVI, KING KL et al.: Characterization of an anti-p185HER2 monoclonal antibody that stimulates receptor function and inhibits tumor cell growth. Growth Regul (1991) 1:72–82.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SATO JD, KAWAMOTO T, LE AD et al.: Biological effects M vitro of monoclonal antibodies to human epidermal growth factor receptors. Ma Biol. Med (1983) 1:511-529. Affiliation
   Google Scholar