Novel modes of antifungal drug administration

Bibliography

• LETSCHER-BRU V, HERBRECHT R: Caspofungin: the first representative of a new antifungal class. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2003) 51:513–521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SOBEL J: Practice guidelines for the treatment of fungal infections. Girt. Infect. Dis. (2000) 30:652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Practice guideline.
   Google Scholar
• KAO AS, BRANDT ME, PRUITT WR et al.: The epidemiology of candidemia in two United States cities: Results of a population-based active surveillance. Clio. Infect. Dis. (1999) 29:1164–1170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STEVENS D, KAN VL, JUDSON MA et al.: Practice guidelines for diseases caused by Aspergillus. Clio. Infect. Dis. (2000) 30:696–709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Practice guideline.
   Google Scholar
• GOLDMAN HJ, LITTMAN ML, OPPENHEIMER GD, GLICKMAN SI: Monilial cystitis - effective treatment with instillations of amphotericin B. JAMA (1960) 174(4):359–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EWING A: Amphotericin B lozenges in the treatment of oral thrush. Practitioner(1967) 199:62–67.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SHEPPARD D, LAMPIRIS HW: Antifungal agents. In: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (7). Katzung BG (Ed.), Appleton and Lange, New York, USA (1998):780–787.
   Google Scholar
• SEHGAL VN, KHANDPUR S: Antifungal agents: Unapproved uses, dosages, or indications. Clio. Dermatol (2002) 20:481–489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOODMAN J, KOENIG M: B-specifics of administration. Modern Treatment. (1970) 7(3):581–595.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WINN WA: The treatment of coccidioidal meningitis - the use of amphotericin B in a group of 25 patients. Calif Med. (1964) 101(2):78–89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •In-depth description of various forms of intrathecal administration.
   Google Scholar
• SANFORD WG, RASCH JR, RB: A therapeutic dilemma: the treatment of disseminated coccidioidomycosis with amphotericin B. Ann. Intern. Med. (1962) 56(4):553–563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUTLER WT, ALLING DW, SPICKARD A, UTZ J: Diagnostic and prognostic value of clinical and laboratory in cryptococcal meningitis.. Engl. J. Med. (1964) 270(2):59–66.
   Google Scholar
• JOHNS KJ, O'DAY D: Pharmacologic of keratomycoses. Surv. Ophthalmol (1988) 33(3):178–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DERESINSKI SC, LILLY RB, HB, GALGIANIJ, STEVENS D: Treatment of fungal meningitis with miconazole. Arch. Intern. Med. (1977) 137:1180–1185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARVER PL: Invasive fungal infections. In: Pharmacotherapy: a Pathophysiologic Approach (4). J Dipiro (Ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York, USA (1999):1839–1866.
   Google Scholar
• RIDDELL RW: Fungous diseases of Britain. Br. Med. J. (1956) 2:783–786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KILBURN K: The innocuousness and possible therapeutic use of aerosol amphotericin B. Am. Rev Respii: Dis. (1959) 80:441–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OEHLING A, GIRON M, SUBIRA M: Aerosol chemotherapy in bronchopulmonary candidiasis. Respiration (1975) 32(2):179–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKENDRICK GDW, MEDLOCK JM: Pulmonary moniliasis treated with nystatin aerosol. Lancet (1958) 1:621–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GERO S, SZEKELY J: Pulmonary treated with nystatin aerosol. (1958) 1:1229–1230.
   Google Scholar
• KLEPSER M: Amphotericin B in lung transplant recipients. Ann. Pharmacother. (2002) 36(1):167–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CONNEALLY E, CAFFERKEY M, DALY P, KEANE C, McCANN S: Nebulized amphotericin B as prophylaxis against invasive aspergillosis in granulocytopenic patients. Bone Marrow Transplant. (1990) 5(6):403–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEHRE G, SCHWARTZ S, LENZ K et a/.: Aerosol amphotericin B inhalations for prevention of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in neutropenic cancer patients.. Hematol (1995) 71(6):287–291.
   Google Scholar
• DE LAURENZI A, MATTEOCCI A, LANTI A, PESCADOR L, BLANDINO F, PAPETTI C: Amphotericin B prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients: a single center experience from 1980 to 1995. Infection (1996) 24(5):361–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REICHENSPURNER H, GAMBERG P, NITSCHKE M et al.: Significant reduction the number of fungal infections after lung-, heart-lung and heart transplantation using aerosolized amphotericin B. Transplant. Proc. (1997) 29(1-2):627–628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CALVO V, BORRO J, MORALES P et al.: Antifungal prophylaxis during the early postoperative period of lung. Valencia Lung Transplant Group. Chest (1999) 115(5):1301–1304.
   Google Scholar
• SCHWARTZ S, BEHRE G, HEINEMANN V et al.: Aerosolized amphotericin B inhalations as prophylaxis of invasive Aspergillus infections during prolonged neutropenia: results of a prospective randomized multicenter trial. Blood. (1999) 93(11):3654–3661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Largest study comparing inhaled AmBdwith placebo for the prophylaxis of fungal infections in neutropenic patients.
   Google Scholar
• MONFORTE V, ROMAN A, GAVALDAJ et al.: Nebulized amphtericin B prophylaxis for Aspergillus infection in lung transplantation: study of risk factors.. Heart Lung Transplant (2001) 20(12):1274–1281.
   Google Scholar
• HERTENSTEIN B, KERN W, SCHMEISER T et al.: Low incidence of invasive fungal infections after bone marrow transplantation in patients receiving amphotericin B inhalations during neutropenia. Ann. Hematol (1994) 68(1):21–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PURCELL I, CORRIS P: Use of nebulised liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of Aspergillus fumigatus empyema. Thorax (1995) 50(12):1321–1323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KANJ S, WELTY-WOLF K, MADDEN J et al.: Fungal infections in lung and heart-lung transplant recipients. Report of 9 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (1996) 75(3):142–156.
   Google Scholar
• DALCONTE I, RIVA G, OBERT R et al.: Tracheobronchial aspergillosis in a patient with AIDS treated with aerosolized amphotericin B combined with itraconazole. Mycoses (1996) 39(9-10):371–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BIRSAN T, TAGHAVI S, KLEPETKO W: Treatment of Aspergillus-related ulcerative tracheobronchitis in lung transplant recipients. Heart Lung Transplant. (1998) 17(4):437–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PALMER S, PERFECT J, HOWELL D et al.: Candidal anastomotic infection in lung transplant recipients: successful treatment with a combination of systemic and inhaled antifungal agents. J. Heart Lung Transplant. (1998) 17(10):1029–1033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PALMER S, DREW R, WHITEHOUSE J et al.: Safety of aerosolized amphotericin B lipid complex in lung transplant recipients. Transplantation (2001) 72(3):545–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Most extensive description of the use oflipid-based amphotericin B aerosol formulations for fungal infection prophylaxis.
   Google Scholar
• RUFFINI E, BALDI S, RAPELLINO M et al.: Fungal infections in lung transplantation. Incidence, risk factors and prognostic significance. Sarcoidosis. Vase. Diffuse Lung Dis. (2001) 18(2):181–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CASEY P, GARRETT J, EATON T: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a lung transplant patient successfully treated with nebulized amphotericin. J. Heart Lung Transplant. (2002) 21(11):1237–1241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUZUKI K, IWATA S, IWATA H: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a 9-year-old boy. Eur. Pediam. (2002) 161(7)408–409.
   Google Scholar
• CHAKRAVARTY SC: Bronchopulmonary candidiasis: clinical aspect. Dis. Chest (1967) 51(6):608–613.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DUB OIS J, BARTTER T, GRYN J, PRATTER M: The physiologic effects of inhaled amphotericin B. Chest. (1995) 108(3):750–753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRYN J, GOLDBERG J, JOHNSON E, SIEGEL J, INZERILLO J: The toxicity of daily inhaled amphotericin B. Am. J. Clin. Omni (1993) 16(1):43–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ERJAVEC Z, WOOLTHUIS G, VRIES-HOSPERS H et al.: Tolerance and efficacy of Amphotericin B inhalations for prevention of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in haematological patients. Ear.. Microbiol (1997) 16(5):364–368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROTH C, GEBHART J, JUST-NUBLING G, EISENHART-ROTHE B, BEINHAUER-REEB I: Characterization of amphotericin B aerosols for inhalation treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis. Infection (1996) 24(5):354–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DREW R, DAVIS RD, BENJAMIN DK, PERFECT J: Comparative safety of aerosolized amphotericin B lipid complex (Abelcet) and amphotericin B deoxycholate (Fungizone) as antifungal prophylaxis in lung transplant recipients: A randomized, double-blind study. 13th Focus on Fungal Infections.Maui,Hawaii (2003)
   Google Scholar
• MEUNIER-CARPENTIER F, R, GERAIN J, MULLER C, KLASTERSKY J: Amphotericin B nasal spray as prophylaxis against aspergillosis in with neutropenia. N Engl. J. Med. (1984) 311(16):1056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JEFFERY G, BEARD M, IKRAM R et al: Intranasal amphotericin B reduces the frequency of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic patients. Am. J. Med. (1991) 90(6):685–692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TODESCHINI G, MURARI C, BONESI R et al: Oral itraconazole plus nasal amphotericin B for prophylaxis of invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematological malignancies. Ear. Clin. Microbiol (1993) 12(8):614–618.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JORGENSEN C, DR, FUS F et al: Failure of amphotericin B spray to prevent aspergillosis in granulocytopenic patients. Nouv. Rev Fr. Hematol (1989) 31(5):327–328.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HSU C, CHANG R: Two-day continuous bladder irrigation with amphotericin B. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1995) 20(6):1570–1571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLUM JA: Acute monilial pyohydronephrosis: Report of a case successfully treated with amphotericin B continuous renal pelvis irrigation. Urol. (1966) 96:614–618.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CUETARA M, MALLO N, DALET F: Amphotericin B lavage in the treatment of candidial cystitis. Br: J. Urol. (1972) 44(4):475–480.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WISE GJ, WAINSTEIN S, P, KOZINN PJ: Candidal cystitis. Management by continuous bladder irrigation with amphotericin B. JAMA (1973) 224(12):1636–1637.
   Google Scholar
• ROHNER TJ, TULISZEWSKI R: Fungal cystitis: awareness, diagnosis and treatment. Urol. (1980) 124(1):142–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BAETZ-GREENWALT B, DEBAZ B, KUMAR M: Bladder fungus ball: a reversible cause of neonatal obstructive uropathy. Pediatrics (1988) 81(6):826–829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WISE GJ, KOZINN PJ, GOLDBERG P: Amphotericin B as a urologic irrigant in the management of noninvasive candiduria. Urol. (1982) 128(1):82–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HSU C, UKLEJA B: Clearance of Candida colonizing the urinary bladder by a two-day amphotericin B irrigation. Infection (1990) 18(5):280–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JACOBS L, SKIDMORE E, OSO L, ZIV F: Bladder irrigation with amphotericin B for treatment of fungal urinary tract infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1994) 18(3):313–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAN-HAVARD P, O'DONOVAN C, SMITH S, OH J, BAMBERGER M, R: Oral fluconazole versus amphotericin B bladder irrigation for treatment of candidal funguria. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1995) 21(4):960–965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEU H, HUANG C: Clearance of funguriawith short-course antifungal regimens: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1995) 20(5):1152–1157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Compared the efficacy of various concentrations of amphotericin B bladder washes.
   Google Scholar
• JACOBS L, SKIDM ORE E, K, LIPSCHULTZ D, FOX N: Oral fluconazole compared with bladder irrigation with amphotericin B for treatment of fungal urinary tract infections in elderly patients. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1996) 22(1):30–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAUFFMAN C, VAZQUEZ J, SOBEL J et al.: Prospective multicenter surveillance study of funguria in hospitalized patients. The National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Mycoses Study Group. Clin. Infect. Dis. (2000) 30(1):14–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TRINH T, SIMONIAN J, VIGIL S, CHIN D, BIDAIR M: Continuous versus intermittent bladder irrigation of amphotericin B for the treatment of candiduria. Urol. (1995) 154(6)2032–2034.
   Google Scholar
• FONG I: The value of a single amphotericin B bladder washout in candiduria. I Antimicrob. Chemothec (1995) 36(6):1067–1071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GNAU T: Amphotericin B dosage for bladder irrigation. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. (1992) 49(11):2705–2706.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NESBIT S, KATZ L, McCLAIN B, MURPHY D: Comparison of two concentrations of amphotericin B bladder irrigation in the treatment of funguria in patients with indwelling urinary catheters. Am. J. Health. Syst. Pharm. (1999) 56(9):872–875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JACOBS L: Fungal urinary tract infections in the elderly: treatment guidelines. Drugs Aging (1996) 8(2):89–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WISE GJ, GOLDMAN WM, PE, ROTHENBERG RG: Miconazole: a cost-effective antifungal genitourinary irrigant. I Urol. (1987) 138(6):1413–1415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAPPAS PG, REX J, SOBEL J et al.: Practice guidelines for the treatment of candidasis. Clin. Infect. Dis. (2004) 38:161-189. guideline.
   Google Scholar
• KENNELLY BM: Candida albicans cystitis cured by nystatin bladder instillations. S. Air. Med. J. (1965) 39:414–417.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AKTUG T, OLGUNER M, AKGUR FM, ALDIRMAZ C, HOSGOR M, YULUG N: A new ancient irrigation therapy for childhood renal candidiasis. Int. Um]. Nephrol. (1998) 30(2):127–132.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BARTONE F, HURWITZ R, ROJAS E, STEINBERG E, FRANCESCHINI R: The role of percutaneous nephrostomy in the management of obstructing candidiasis of the urinary tract in infants.' Um]. (1988) 140(2):338–341.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ORTIZ 0, LEE W: Percutaneous nephrostomy in the management of renal candidiasis. Arch. Surg. (1989) 124(6):739–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAZER J, BARTONE F: Percutaneous antegrade diagnosis and management of candidiasis of the upper urinary tract. Um]. Clin. North Am. (1982) 9(1):157–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HILL J: Candidiasis of the urinary tract. Proc. R. Soc. Med. (1974) 67(11):1155–1156.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SCHMITT G, HSU A: Renal fungus balls: diagnosis by ultrasound and percutaneous antegrade pyelography and brush biopsy in a premature infant. I Ultrasound Med. (1985) 4(3):155–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KELLER M, SELLERS BJ, MELISH M, KAPLAN G, MILLER K, MENDOZA S: Systemic candidiasis in infants: a case presentation and literature review. Am. Dis. Child. (1977) 131(11):1260–1263.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BABUT J, COEURDACIER P, BAWAB F, TREGUIER C, FREMOND B: Urinary fungal bezoars in children-report of two cases. Eur. Pediatr. Surg. (1995) 5(4):248–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROBINSON P, POCOCK R, FRANK J: The management of obstructive renal candidiasis in the neonate. Br. Um]. (1987) 59(5):380–382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARAGONA F, PASSERINI GG, PAVANELLO L, PERALE R, G, PAGANO F: Upper urinary tract obstruction in children caused by Candida fungus balls. Eur. Um]. (1985) 11(3):188–191..WALZER Y, BEAR R: Ureteral obstruction renal transplant due to ureteral candidiasis. Urology (1983) 21(3):295–297.
   Google Scholar
• OLIVER S, WALKER R, WOODS D: infused via a nephrostomy tube: a novel and effective route of delivery.. Ther. (1995) 20(6):317–318.
   Google Scholar
• CLARK M, GAUNT T, CZACHOR J: The use of fluconazole as a local irrigant for nephrostomy tubes. Mil. Med. (1999) 164(3):239–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHUNG B, CHANG S, KIM S, CHOI H: Successfully treated renal fungal ball with continuous irrigation of fluconazole. Um]. (2001) 166(5):1835–1836.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIMSEK U, AKINCI H, OKTAY B, KAVRAMA I, OZYURT M: Treatment of catheter-associated Candiduria with fluconazole irrigation. Br. Um]. (1995) 75(1):75–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RICCHETTI A, LANDIS B, A, GIGER R, ZENG C, LACROIX J: Effect of anti-fungal nasal lavage with amphotericin B on nasal polyposis. Laryngol. Otol. (2002) 116(4):261–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WADA M, BABA H, IMURA S: Prosthetic knee Candida parapsilosis infection. Arthroplasg, (1998) 13(4):479–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IKEMOTO H: Medical treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma. Intern. Med. (2000) 39(3):191–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GIRON JM, POEY CG, FAJADET PP et al.: Inoperable pulmonary aspergilloma: Percutaneous CT-guided injection with glycerin and amphotericin B paste in 15 cases. Radiology (1993) 188:825–827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MUNK PL, VELLET AD, RANKIN RN, MULLER NL, AHMAD D: Intracavitary aspergilloma: Transthoracic percutaneous injection of amphotericin gelatin solution. Radiology (1993) 188:821–823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASLAM PA, LARKIN J, EASTRIDGE CE, HUGHES FA: Endocavitary Infusion Through Percutaneous Endobronchial Catheter. Chest (1970) 57(1):94–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TSUSHIMA K, FUJIMOTO K, KUBO K, SEKIGUCHI M: Successful treatment of fungus ball in a patient with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: continuous percutaneous instillation of antifungal agents into the cavity. Intern. Med. (1996) 35(9):736–741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KRAKOWKA P, TRACZYK K, WALCZAK J, HALWEG H, ELSNER Z, PAWLICKA L: Local treatment of aspergilloma of the lung with a paste containing nystatin or amphotericin B. Tubercle (1970) 51:184–191.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VELTRI A, ANSELMETTI G, G et al.: Percutaneous treatment with amphotericin B of mycotic lung lesions invasive aspergillosis: results in 10 immunocompromised patients. Eur. Radial. (2000) 10(12):1939–1944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COCHRANE LJ, MORANO JU, NORMAN JR, MANSEL JK: Use of intracavitary amphotericin B in a patient with aspergilloma and recurrent hemoptysis. Am. Med. (1991) 90:654–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEE KS, KIM YH, BAE WK: Percutaneous intracavitary treatment of a giant aspergilloma. AIR (1990) 154:1346
   Google Scholar
• JACKSON M, FLOWER CDR, SHNEERSON JM: Treatment of symptomatic pulmonary aspergillomas with intracavitary instillatoin of amphotericin B through an indwelling catheter. Thorax (1993) 48:928–930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KLEIN JS, FANG K, CHANG MC: Percutaneous transcatheter treatment of an intracavitary aspergilloma. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radial. (1993) 16:321–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHAPIRO MJ, ALBELDA SM, MAYOCK RL, McLEAN GK: Severe hemoptysis associated with pulmonary aspergilloma: Percutaneous intracavitary treatment. Chest (1988) 94(6):1225–1231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HARGIS JL, BONE RC, STEWART J, RECTOR N, HILLER FC: Intracavitary amphotericin B in the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary aspergillomas. Am.. (1980) 68:389–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STIKSA G, EKLUNDH G, RIEBE I, SIMONSSON BG: Bilateral pulmonary aspergilloma in ankylosing spondylitis treated wtih transthoracic intracavitary instillations of antifungal agents. Scan. Respir Dis. (1976) 57:163–170.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RAMIREZ-R J: Pulmonary aspergilloma: endobronchial treatment. N Engl I Med. (1964) 271(25):1281–1285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENNETT MR, WEINBAUM DL, FIEHLER PC: Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis treated by endobronchial amphotericin B. South. Med. (1990) 83(7):829–832.
   Google Scholar
• YAMADA H, KOHNO S, KOGA H, MAESAKI S, KAKU M: Topical treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma by antifungals: Relationship between duration of the disease and efficacy of treatment. Chest (1993) 103:1421–1425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAMAMOTO T, WATANABE K, IKEMOTO H: Endobronchial miconazole for pulmonary aspergilloma. Ann. Intern. Med. (1983) 98(6):1030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GULERIA R, GUPTA D, JINDAL SK: Treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma by intracavitary instillation of ketoconazole. Chest (1993) 103(4):1301–1302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STEVENS DA, SHATSKY SA: Intrathecal amphotericin in the management of coccidioidal meningitis. Semin. Respic Lifect. (2001) 16(4):263–269.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DRUTZ DJ: Amphotericin B in the treatment of Coccidioidomycosis. Drugs (1983) 26:337–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANDRIOLE VT, KRAVETZ HM: The use of amphotericin B in man. JAMA (1962) 180(4):269–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WINN WA: Coccidioidomycosis and Amphotericin B. Med. Gin. North Am. (1963) 47:1131–1149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GALGIANI J, AMPEL NM, CATANZARO A, JOHNSON RH, STEVENS D, WILLIAMS PL: Practice guidelines for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. (2000) 30:658–661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPICKARD A, BUTLER WT, RIOLE VT, UTZ J: The improved prognosis of cryptococcal meningitis with amphotericin B therapy. Ann. Intern. Med. (1963) 58(1):66–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DRUTZ DJ, CATANZARO A: Coccidioidomycosis, part II. Am. Rev Respir. Dis. (1978) 117:727–768.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BENNETT J: Amphotericin B toxicity: Review of selected aspects of pharmacology. Ann. Intern. Med. (1964) 61(2):335–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAYLOR G, BOETTGER D, MIEDZINSKI L, TYRRELL D: Coccidioidal meningitis acquired during holidays in Arizona. Can. Med. Assoc. J. (1990) 142(12):1388–1390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAO H, MYERS G: Candida meningitis in the newborn. South. Med. J. (1979) 72(11):1468–1471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRISMAN R, REID R, G: Intracranial cryptococcal granuloma-amphotericin B and surgical excision. Surg. Neurol (1973) 1(1):43–45.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HALKIN H, RAVID M, ZULMAN J, REICHERT N: Cryptococcal meningitis treated with 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B. /sr. J. Med. Sd. (1974) 10(9):1148–1152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAUDILL RG, SMITH CE, JA: Coccidioidal meningitis: a diagnostic challenge. Am. J. Med. (1970) 49:360–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LABADIE E, HAMILTON R: Survival improvement in coccidioidal meningitis by high-dose intrathecal amphotericin B. Arch. Intern. Med. (1986) 146(10):2013–2018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOUZA E, DREYER JS, HEWITT WL, MEYER RD: Coccidioidal meningitis: An analysis of thirty-one cases and review of the literature. Medicine (1981) 60 (3) : 139–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEABURY JH, DASCOMB HE: Experience with Amphotericin B. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1960) 89:202–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LITTMAN ML: Cryptococcosis (Torulosis): Current concepts and therapy. Am. J. Med. (1959) 27:976–998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LECLERC M, GIAMMONA S: Coccidioidal meningitis the use of amphotericin B intravenously and intrathecally by repeated lumbar punctures. West. J. Med. (1975) 122(3):251–254.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MISHIMA T, KOBAYASHI Y, M, MARUMO F, H: A case of renal transplant recipient complicated with cryptococcosis and amphotericin B induced acute tubular necrosis. Jpn. Circ. j. (1977) 41(9):1009–1013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PETERSON C, JOHNSON S, KELLY J, KELLY P: Coccidiodal meningitis and pregnancy: a case report. Obstet. Cynecol (1989) 73(5:Pt 2):t–6.
   Google Scholar
• GLYNN K, ALAZRAKI N, WALTZ T: Coccidioidal meningitis. Intrathecal treatment with hyperbaric amphotericin B. Calif Med. (1973) 119(3):6–9.
   Google Scholar
• •Good description of hyperbaric administration.
   Google Scholar
• SNYDER CH, WHITE RS: Successful treatment of histoplasma meningitis with amphotericin B. J. Bedlam (1961) 58(4):554–558.
   Google Scholar
• LOUD ON RG, LAWSON RA: Systemic blastomycosis: recurrent neurological relapse in a case treated with amphotericin B. Ann. Intern. Med. (1961) 55(1):139–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EINSTEIN HE, HOLEMAN CW, SANDIDGE LL, HOLDEN DH: Coccidioidal meningitis: The use of amphotericin B in treatment. Calif Med. (1961) 94(6):339–343.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CARNEVALE N, GALGIANI J, STEVENS D, HERRICK M, LANGSTON J: Amphotericin B-induced myelopathy. Arch. Intern. Med. (1980) 140(9):1189–1192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McINTYRE H: Cryptococcal meningitis. A case successfully treated by cisternal administration of Amphotericin B with a of recent literature. Bull. Los Angeles Neurol Soc. (1967) 32(4):213–219.
   Google Scholar
• VAN DELLEN J, BUCHANAN N: Intrathecal cryptococcal lesion of the cauda equina successfully treated with intrathecal amphotericin B: A case report. S. Air. Med. J. (1980) 58(3):137–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KEANE J: Cisternal puncture complications. Treatment of coccidioidal meningitis with amphotericin B. Calif Med. (1973) 119(3):10–15.
   Google Scholar
• WITORSCH P, WILLIAMS TW J, OMMAYA AK, UTZ JP: Intraventricular administration of amphotericin B. Use of subcutaneous reservoir in four patients with mycotic meningitis. JAMA (1965) 194(7):699–702.
   Google Scholar
• LEPAGE E: Using a ventricular reservoir to instill amphotericin B. J. Neurosci. Nurs. (1993) 25(4):212–217.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BUXHOFER V, RUCKSER R, KIER P et al.: Successful treatment of invasive mould infection affecting lung and brain in an adult suffering from acute leukaemia. Eur. Haematol (2001) 67 (2) :128–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRAYBILL J, ELLENBOGEN C: Complications with the Ommaya reservoir in patients with granulomatous meningitis. Neurosurg. (1973) 38:477–480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAMILL R, ONEY LA, CRANE LR: Successful therapy for rhinocerebral mucormycosis with associated bilateral brain abscesses. Arch. Intern. Med. (1983) 143:581–583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CRAVEN P, GRAYBILL J, J, DISMUKES W, LEVINE B: High-dose ketoconazole for treatment of fungal infections of the central nervous system. Ann. Intern. Med. (1983) 98(2):160–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FONG K, SENEVIRATNE E, J: Mucor cerebral abscess associated with intravenous drug abuse. Aust. N Zj Med. (1990) 20(1):74–77.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• POLSKY B, DEPMAN MR, GOLD JWM, GALICICH JH, ARMSTRONG D: Intraventricular therapy of cryptococcal meningitis via a subcutaneous reservoir. Am. J. Med. (1986) 81:24–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIS S, DONOVAN W: Combined intravenous miconazole and intrathecal amphotericin B for treatment of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Chest. (1979) 76(2):235–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHONHEYDER H,-PEDERSEN K, ESMANN V, STENDERUP A: Cryptococcal meningitis: due to intrathecal treatment. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. (1980) 12(2):155–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOHSENIPOUR I, SCHIRMER M, FRANK R et al.: Local application of antimycotics in Mucormycosis cerebri: a case report. I. Neurol Neurosurg. Psychiatry (1996) 61(5):521–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUNG J, GRENDAHL J, LEVINE H: Intravenous and intrathecal miconazole therapy for systemic mycoses. West. J. Med. (1977) 126(1):5–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SUNG J, CAMPBELL G, GRENDAHL J: Miconazole therapy for fungal meningitis. Arch. Neurol (1978) 35(7):443–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORISON A, ERASMUS D, BOWIE M: Treatment of Candida albicans meningitis with intravenous and intrathecal miconazole. A case report. S. Afr. Med. J. (1988) 74(5):235–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHEHAB Z, BRITTON H, DUNN J: Imidazole therapy of coccidioidal meningitis in children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1988) 7(1):40–44.
   Google Scholar
• HARRISON H, GALGIANI J, REYNOLDS AJ, SPRUNGER L, FRIEDMAN A: Amphotericin B and imidazole therapy for coccidioidal meningitis in children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1983) 2(3):216–221.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AIDEM HP: Intra-articular amphotericin B in the treatment of coccidioidal synovitis of the knee. Case report. J. Bone John Surg. Am. (1968) 50(8):1663–1668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KLEIN J, YAMAUCHI T, HORLICK S: Neonatal candidiasis, meningitis and arthritis: observations and a review of the literature. Pediatr. (1972) 81(1):31–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREENMAN R, BECKER J, CAMPBELL G, REMINGTON J: Coccidioidal synovitis of the knee. Arch. Intern. Med. (1975) 135(4):526–530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WINTER WG Jr, LARSON RK, HONEGGAR MM, JACOBSEN DT, PAPPAGIANIS D, RW Jr: Coccidioidal arthritis and its treatment. J. Bone John Surg. Am. (1975) 57(8):1152–1157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BAYER A, GUZE L: Fungal arthritis. II. Coccidioidal synovitis: clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic considerations. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. (1979) 8(3):200–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRUITT AW, ACHORD JL, FALES FW, PATTERSON JH: Glucose-galactose malabsorption complicated by monilial arthritis. Pediatrics (1969) 43(1):106–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GULLBERG R, QUINTANILLA A, LEVIN M, WILLIAMS J, PHAIR J: Sporotrichosis: recurrent cutaneous, articular and central nervous system infection in a renal transplant recipient. Rev Infect. Dis. (1987) 9(2):369–375.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LACHMAN RS, YAMAUCHI T, KLEIN J: Neonatal systemic candidiasis and arthritis. Radiology(1972) 105(3):631–632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POPLACK DG, JACOBS SA: Candida arthritis treated with amphotericin B. Pediatr. (1975) 87(6 Pt 1):989–990.
   Google Scholar
• BREWER TE, CALDWELL FT, PATTERSON RIVI, FLANIGAN WJ: Indwelling peritoneal (tenckhoff) dialysis catheter. Experience with 24 patients. JAMA (1972) 219(8):1011–1015.
   Google Scholar
• BORTOLUSSI RA, MarDONALD MR, BANNATYNE RIVI, ARBUS GS: Treatment of Candida peritonitis by peritoneal lavage with Amphotericin B.. (1975) 87(6 Pt 1):987–988.
   Google Scholar
• BAYER AS, BLUMENKRANTZ MJ, MONTGOMERIE JZ, GALPIN JE, COBURN JW, GUZE LB: Candida peritonitis. Report of 22 cases and review of the English language. Am. J. Med. (1976) 61(6)832–840.
   Google Scholar
• ARFANIA D, EVERETT ED, KD, RUBIN J: Uncommon causes of peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Arch. Intern. Med. (1981) 141(1):61–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOLDSWORTH SR, ATKINS RC, SCOTT DF, JACKSON R: Management of Candida peritonitis by prolonged peritoneal lavage containing 5-Fluorocytosine. Nephrol (1975) 4(4):157–159.
   Google Scholar
• PHILLIPS I, EYKYN S, MarGREGOR G, JONES N: Candida peritonitis treated with 5-fluorocytosine in a patient receiving hemodialysis. Clin. Nephrol (1973) 1(4):271–272.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• THEODORE FH, LITTMAN ML, ALMEDO E: The diagnosis and management of fungus endophthalmitis following cataract extraction. Arch. Ophthalmol (1962) 66:39–51.
   Google Scholar
• MOSIER MA, LUSK B, PETTIT TH, HOWARD DH, RHODES J: Fungal endophthalmitis following intraocular lens implantation. Am. J. Ophthalmol (1977) 83(1):1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'DAY D: Selection of appropriate antifungal therapy. Cornea (1987) 6(4):238–245.
   Google Scholar
• DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER IV PHARMACY: (Personal Communication). Dose/concentration of amphotericin B for intraviteral administration. (Nov. 26, 2003)
   Google Scholar
• BHOMAJ S, DAS J, CHAUDHURI Z, BANSAL R, SHARMA P: Rhinosporidiosis and peripheral keratitis. Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers (2001) 32(4):338–340.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LOTERY AJ, KERR JR, PAGE BA: Fungal keratitis caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis: Successful treatment with topical amphotericin B and chloramphenicol without the need for surgical debridement. Br. J. Ophthalmol (1994) 78:730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOOD TO, WILLIFORD W: Treatment of keratomycosis with amphotericin B 0.15%. Am. J. Ophthalmol (1976) 81(6):847–849.
   Google Scholar
• WOOD TO, TUBERVILLE AW: Keratomycosis and amphotericin B. Trans. Am. Ophth. Soc. (1985) 83:397–409.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •Describes using lower does of amphotericin B to minimise ocular irritation.
   Google Scholar
• JONES DB, SEXTON R, REBELL G: Mycotic keratitis in south Florida: A review of thirty-nine cases. Trans. Ophth. Soc. (1969) 89:781–797.
   Google Scholar
• ANDERSON B, CHICK EW:: Treatment of fungal corneal ulcers with amphotericin B and mechanical debridement. South. Med. J. (1963) 56:270–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FOSTER CS: Miconazole therapy for keratomycosis. Am. J. Ophthalmol (1981) 91:622–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPONSEL W, GRAYBILL J, H, DANG D: Ocular and systemic posaconazole(SCH-56592) treatment of invasive Fusarium solani keratitis and endophthalmitis. Br. J. Ophthalmol (2002) 86(7):829–830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JONES BR: Jackson memorial lecture. Am. J. Ophthalmol (1975) 79(5):719–751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREEN WR, BENNETT J, GOOS RD: Ocular penetration of amphotericin B. Arch. Ophthalmol (1965) 73:769–775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KERMANI NK, AGGARWAL SP: Isolated post-operative Aspergillus niger endophthalmitis. Eye (2000) 14(1):114–116.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PETTIT T, OLSEN R, FOOS R, MARTIN W: Fungal endophthalmitis following intraocular lens implantation: A surgical epidemic. Arch. Ophthalmol (1980) 98:1025–1039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MASON J 3rd, PARKER J: miconazole and anterior segment blastomycosis. Am.,/ Ophthalmol (1993) 116(4):506–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RITTERBAND DC, SHAH M, SEED OR J: Colletotrichum graninicola: A new corneal pathogen. Cornea (1997) 16(3):362–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KURIAKOSE T, KOTHARI M, PAUL P, JACOB P, THOMAS R: Intracameral amphotericin B injection in the management of deep keratomycosis. Cornea (2002) 21(7):653–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAUSHIK S, RAM J, BRAR G, JAIN A, CHAKRABORTI A, GUPTA A: Intracameral amphotericin B: initial experience in severe keratomycosis. Cornea (2001) 20(7):715–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HIROSE H, TERASAKI H, AWAYA S, YASUMA T: Treatment of fungal corneal ulcers with amphotericin B ointment. Am. Ophthalmol (1997) 124(6):836–838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JONES DB: Therapy of postsurgical fungal endophthalmitis. Ophthalmology (1978) 85:357–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROSEN R, FRIEDMAN AH: Successfully treated postoperative Candida parakmsei endophthalmitis. Am. J. Ophthalmol (1973) 76(4):574–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PFLUGFELDER S, FLYNN HJ, ZWICKEY T et al.: Exogenous fungal endophthalmitis. Ophthalmology (1988) 95:19–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Largest case series to date describing the use of amphotericin B in intravitreous injections.
   Google Scholar
• SCOTT I, FLYNN HJ, MILLER D, SPEIGHTS J, SNIP R, BROD R: Exogenous endophthalmitis caused by amphotericin B-resistant Paecilomyces lilacinus: treatment options and visual outcomes. Arch. Ophthalmol (2001) 119(6):916–919..
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CUTLER JE, BINDER PS, PAUL TO, BEAMIS JF: Metastatic coccidioidal endophthalmitis. Arch. Ophthalmol (1978) 96:689–691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEISSGOLD D, ORLIN S, M, FRAYER W, EAGLE RJ: Delayed-onset fungal keratitis after endophthalmitis. Ophthalmology (1998) 105(2):258–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEISSGOLD D, MAGUIRE AM, BRUCKER AJ: Management of postoperative Acremonium endophthalmitis. Ophthalmology (1996) 103(5):749–756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROD R, FLYNN H Jr., CLARKSON JG, PFLUGFELDER S, CULBERTSON WW, MILLER D: Endogenous Candida endophthalmitis. Ophthalmology (1990) 97(5):666–674.
   Google Scholar
• BORNE M, ELLIOTT J, O'DAY D: Ocular fluconazole treatment of Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis after failed intravitreal amphotericin B. Arch. Ophthalmol (1993) 111(10):1326–1327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOODMAN D, STERN W: Oral ketoconazole and intraocular amphotericin B for treatment of postoperative Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis. Arch. Ophthalmol (1987) 105(2):172–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STERN W, TAMURA E, JACOBS R, PONS V, STONE R, O'DAY D, A: Epidemic postsurgical Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis. Clinical findings and management of 15 consecutive cases. Ophthalmology (1985) 92(12):1701–1709.
   Google Scholar
• GILBERT CM, NOVAK MA: Successful treatment of postoperative Candida endophthalmitis in an eye with an intraocular lens implant. Am. J. Ophthalmol (1984) 97:593–595.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOGEWEG M, DE JONG PTVM: Candida endophthalmitis in heroin addicts. Doc. Ophthalmol (1983) 55:63–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STRANSKY TJ: Postoperative endophthalmitis secondary to Candida Parapsilosis. Retina (1981) 1(3):179–183..
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CAHILL K, HOGAN C, KOLETAR S, GERSMAN M: Intraorbital injection of amphotericin B for palliative treatment of Aspergillus orbital abscess. Ophthal Plast. Reconstr. Surg. (1994) 10(4)276–277.
   Google Scholar
• GOLDBLUM D, FRUEH B, S, BOHNKE M: Treatment of postkeratitis Fusariumendophthalmitis with amphotericin B lipid complex. Cornea (2000) 19(6):853–856.. LUNA J, PONSSA X, RODRIGUEZ S, LUNA N, JUAREZ C: Intraconal amphotericin B for the treatment of rhino-orbital mucormycosis. Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers (1996) 27(8)706–708.
   Google Scholar
• LEWIS RE, KONTOYIANNIS DP, DAROUICHE RO, RAAD II, PRINCE RA: Antifungal activity of amphotericin B, fluconazole and voriconazole in an in vitro model of Candida catheter-related bloodstream infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemothec (2002) 46(11):3499–3505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Discusses effect of biofilm on treatment of catheter infections.
   Google Scholar
• BENOIT J, CARANDANG G, SITRIN M, ARNOW P: Intraluminal antibiotic treatment of central venous catheter infections in patients receiving parenteral nutrition at home. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1995) 21(5):1286–1288..
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARNOW PM, KUSHNER R: Malassezia furfur catheter infection cured with antibiotic lock therapy. Am. J. Med. (1991) 90(1):128–130..
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MERMEL LA, FARR BM, SHERERTZ RJ et al.: Management of intravascular catheter-related infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. (2001) 32:1249–1272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Practice guideline.
   Google Scholar
• LAUBENHEIMER R: Oral amphotericin B in North American Blastmycosis. Arch. Dermatol (1964) 89:832–836..
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DUNN YO, McMILLEN S, T: Oral amphotericin B therapy in Blastomycosis Arch. Dermatol (1963) 88:127–129..
   Google Scholar
• EPSTEIN JB, POLSKY B: Oropharyngeal candidiasis: a review of its clinical spectrum and current therapies. Clin. Thec (1998) 20(1):40–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MONTES L, COOPER M, L, LAUDERDALE R, TAYLOR C: Prolonged oral treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with Amphotericin B. Arch. Dermatol (1971) 104(1):45–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MONTES L, MOORE WJ, SOTO TG, MAZZINI MA: Amphotericin B tablets in oral candidiasis. Cutis (1973) 11:146–148.
   Google Scholar
• EZDINLI E, O'SULLIVAN D, WASSER L, KIM U, STUTZMAN L: Oral amphotericin for candidiasis in patients with hematologic neoplasms. An autopsy study. JAMA (1979) 242(3):258–260.
   Google Scholar
• BISSELL V, FELIX DH, WRAY D: Comparative trial of fluconazole and amphotericin in the treatment of denture stomatitis. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol (1993) 76(1):35–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FUKUSHIMA C, SHIMODA T, KAWANO T et al: Effects of amphotericin B gargles on oral colonization of Candida albicans in asthmatic patients on steroid inhalation therapy. Respiration (2001) 68(5):465–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAKAZAWA I, OUCHI E, OUCHI K, WAGAI K: The effect of oral administration of amphotericin B on the of 5-Fluorouracil into human gastric cancer tissues. Tohokuj Exp. Med. (1980) 133(3):361–362.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRIM S, SMITH K, ROMANELLI F, OFOTOKUN I: Treatment of azole-resistant oropharyngeal candidiasis with topical amphotericin B. Ann. Pharinacother. (2002) 36(9):1383–1386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALBAN J, GROEL JT: Amphotericin oral suspension in the treatment of thrush. Carr. Thar. Res. (1970) 12(8):479–484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FICHTENBAUM CJ, ZACKIN R, RAJICIC N, POWDERLY WG, WHEAT LJ, ZINGMAN BS: Amphotericin B oral suspension for fluconazole-refractory oral candidiasis in persons with HIV infection. AIDS (2000) 14:845–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BARRETT AP: A long-term prospective clinical study of oral complications during conventional chemotherapy for acute leukemia. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol (1987) 63:313–316.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BODEY GP, RODRIGUEZ V: Infections in cancer patients on a protected enviornment-prophylactic antibiotic program. Ain. J. Med. (1975) 59:497–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NGUYEN M, WEISS P, LABARRE R, MILLER L, OLDFIELD E, WALLACE M: Orally administered amphotericin B in the treatment of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected patients caused by azole-resistant Candida albicans. AIDS (1996) 10(14):1745–1747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRANDELL R, CHASE SL, COHN JR: Treatment of oral candidiasis with amphotericin B solution. Chi]. Pharin. (1988) 7:70–72.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DEWSNUP DH, STEVENS D: Efficacy of oral amphotericin B in AIDS patients with clinically resistant to fluconazole. Med. Vet. Myra (1994) 32:389–393.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FORTUN J, MARTIN-DAVILA P, DE VICENTE E et al.: Prophylaxis with oral fluconazole and an oral solution of amphotericin B in liver transplant patients. Transplant. Proc. (2002) 34(1):80–81.
   Google Scholar
• HUANG NN, SARRIA A, HIGH RH: Therapeutic evaluation of nystatin and amphotericin in oral moniliasis in infants and children. Antibiotics Annual (1958) 1957–1958:59–64.
   Google Scholar
• LEFEBVRE J, DOMENGE C, GROUP OF MUCOSITIS: A comparative study of the efficacy and safety of fluconazole oral suspension and amphotericin B oral suspension in cancer patients with mucositis. Oral Oncol (2002) 38(4):337–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAILLANDIERJ, ESNAULT Y, ALEMANNI M: A comparison of fluconazole oral suspension and amphotericin B oral suspension in older patients with oropharyngeal candidosis. Multicentre Study Group. Age Ageing (2000) 29(2):117–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••First trial to compare fluconazole and oralamphotericin B for treatment of thrush.
   Google Scholar
• CHING M, RAYMOND K, BURY R, MASHFORD M, MORGAN D: Absorption of orally administered amphotericin B lozenges. Br. .1. Clin. Phannacol (1983) 16(1):106–108.
   Google Scholar
• VRIES-HOSPERS H, VAN DER WD: Salivary concentrations of amphotericin B following its use as an oral lozenge. Infection (1980) 8(2):63–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MENICHETTI F, DEL FAVERO A, MARTINO P et al.: Preventing fungal infection in neutropenic patients with acute leukemia: fluconazole compared with oral amphotericin B. The GIMEMA Infection. Ann. Intern. Med. (1994) 120(11):913–918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Large trial comparing fluconazole and oralamphotericin B for fungal infection prophylaxis.
   Google Scholar
• PHILPOTT-HOWARD J, WADE J, MUFTI G, BRAMMER K, G: Randomized comparison of oral fluconazole versus oral polyenes for the prevention of fungal infection in patients at risk of neutropenia. Antimicrob. Cheinother. (1993) 31(6):973–984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ABBAS AA, FELIMBAN SK, AA, KHATTAB TM, FRYER CJ, NANDAGOPAL N: Aggressive cutaneous Aspergillus infection: control by local irrigation with amphotericin B. Med. Pediatr. Oncol (2002) 39(2):139–140.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KLUGE RM, HORNICK RB: Sporotrichosix. An unusual desseminated cutaneous case and a fatal pulmonary case. South. Med. (1976) 69(7):855–857.
   Google Scholar
• SILVERBERG D, KODALI P, J, ACUS R, ASKEW M: In vitro analysis of antifungal impregnated polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. Gin. Orthop. (2002) 403:228–231.
   Google Scholar
• SELMON G, SLATER R, SHEPPERD J, WRIGHT E: Successful 1-stage exchange total knee arthroplasty for fungal infection. Arthroplasty (1998) 13(1):114–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar