Recent developments in human papillomavirus vaccines

Bibliography

• BOSCH FX, LORINCZ A, MUNOZ N,MEIJER CJ, SHAH KV: The causal relation between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. J. Clin. Pathol (2002) 55:244–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KITCHENER HC (Ed.): Human Papillomaviruses. In: Best practice in Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology (2001) 15(5):663–817.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••A comprenhensive set of reviews coveringthe virology, immunology, diagnosis and clinical management of HPV-associated disease.
   Google Scholar
• FRAZER IH: Prevention of cervical cancer papillomavirus vaccination. Nat. Rev Inainunol. (2004) 4:46–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •A recent review of the background and progress in HPV vaccines.
   Google Scholar
• SCHILLER JT: Papillomavirus-like particle for cervical cancer. Ma Med. Today. (1999) 5:209–215.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •A review of the development of HPV VLP vaccines.
   Google Scholar
• DE GRUIJL TD, BONTKES HJ, JM et al.: Differential T helper cell responses to human papillomavirus type 16 E7 related to viral clearance or persistence in patients with cervical neoplasia: a longitudinal study. Cancer Res. (1998) 58:1700–1706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KADISH AS, HO GY, BURK RD et al: Lymphoproliferative responses to human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 proteins E6 and E7: outcome of HPV infection and associated neoplasia. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1997) 89:1285–1293.
   Google Scholar
• BONTKES HJ, DE GRUIJL TD, VAN DEN MUYSENBERG AJ et al: Human papillomavirus type 16 E6/E7-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in women with cervical neoplasia. hat. J. Cancer. (2000) 88:92–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN DER BURG SH, RESSING ME, KWAPPENBERG KM et al.: Natural T-helper immunity against human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E7-derived peptide epitopes in patients with HPV16-positive cervical lesions: of 3 human leukocyte antigen class II- restricted epitopes. hat. J. Cancer. (2001) 91:612–618.
   Google Scholar
• YOUDE SJ, DUNBAR PR, EVANS EMet al.: Use of fluorogenic histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-A*0201/HPV 16 E7 peptide complexes to isolate rare human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte- recognizing endogenous human papillomavirus antigens. Cancer Res. (2000) 60:365–371.
   Google Scholar
• EVANS EM, MAN S, EVANS AS, BORYSIEWICZ LK: Infiltration of cervical cancer tissue with human papillomavirus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Cancer Res. (1997) 57:2943–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAKAGAWA M, STITES DP, PATEL S et al.: Persistence of human papillomavirus type 16 infection is associated with lack of cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to the E6 antigens. Infect. Dis. (2000) 182:595–598.
   Google Scholar
• WELTERS MJ, DE JONG A, DEN EEDEN SJ et al.: Frequent display of human papillomavirus type 16 E6-specific memory t-Helper cells in the healthy population as witness of previous viral encounter. Cancer Res. (2003) 63:636–641
   Google Scholar
• SANTIN AD, HERMONAT PL, RAVAGGI A et al.: Induction of human papillomavirus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes by E7-pulsed autologous dendritic cells in patients with human papillomavirus type 16- and 18-positive cervical cancer. J. Viral. (1999) 73:5402–5410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN DER BURG SH, DE JONG AM, POELGEEST MIE et al.: HPV 16+ cancer patients differ from healthy individuals by functionally impaired CD4+ T-cell responses. 21st International Papilloma virus Conference. Mexico City, Mexico (2004) Abstract 200.
   Google Scholar
• ZHOU J, SUN XY, STENZEL DJ, FRAZER IH: Expression of vaccinia HPV 16 Li and L2 ORF proteins in epithelial cells is sifficent for assembly of HPV virion-like particles. Virology(1991) 185:251–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••First demonstration of HPV VLPs.
   Google Scholar
• KIRNBAUER R, BODY F, CHENG N, LOWY DR, SCHILLER JT: Papillomavirus Li major capsid protein self-assembles into virus-like particles that are highly immunogenic. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci. USA (1992) 89:12180–12184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••HPV VLPs are immunogenic
   Google Scholar
• HARRO CD, PANG YY, RODEN RB et al.: Safety and immunogenicity trial in adult volunteers of a human papillomavirus
   Google Scholar
• Li virus-like particle vaccine. J. Nati Cancer Inst. (2001) 93 (4) :284–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOUTSKY LA, AULT KA, CM et al: A controlled trial of a human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine. N. Engl. J. Med. (2002) 347:1645–1651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Clinical efficacy in preventing virusinfection for HPV-16 VLP vaccine.
   Google Scholar
• DUBLIN G: A double blind placebo controlled efficacy trial of an adjuvanted human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16/18 Li virus like particle (VLP) vaccine. 21st International Papillomayirus Conference. Mexico City, Mexico (2004) Abstract 412.
   Google Scholar
• HO GY, STUDENTSOV YY, R, BURK RD: Natural history of human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particle antibodies in young women. Cancer Epidemial Biomarkers Prey (2004)13(1):110–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VISCIDI RP, SCHIFFMAN M, HILDESHEIM A et al.: Seroreactivity to human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, or 31 and risk of subsequent HPV infection: results from a population-based study in Costa Rica. Cancer Epidemial Biomarkers Prey (2004) 13(2):324–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOTA F, PAYMENT N, CHONG S, SINGER A, CHAIN B: The antigen-presenting environment in normal and human papillomavirus (HPV)-related premalignant cervical epithelium. Clio. Exp. Immunal (1999) 116:33–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VILLA LL: Vaccines against papillomavirus infections and disease. Salad Publica Mex. (2003) 45 (Suppl. 3):A443–5448
   Google Scholar
• RODEN RB, YUTZY WH 4th, FALLON R, INGLIS S, LOWY DR, SCHILLER JT: Minor capsid protein of human genital papillomaviruses contains subdominant, cross-neutralizing epitopes. Virology (2000) 270(2):254–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COMBITA AL, TOUZE A, L, CHRISTENSEN ND, COURSAGET P: Identification of two cross-neutralizing linear epitopes within the Li major capsid protein of human papillomaviruses. Virology (2002) 76(13)6480–6486.
   Google Scholar
• PASTRANA DV, BUCK CB, PANG YY et al.: Reactivity of human sera in a sensitive, high-throughput pseudovirus-based papillomavirus neutralization assay for HPV16 and HPV18. Virology (2004) 321(2):205–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLEEKER MC, HOGEWONING CJ, VAN DEN BRULE AJ et al.: Penile lesions human papillomavirus in male sexual partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Am. Acad. Dermatol (2002) 47:351–357.
   Google Scholar
• KULASINGAM SL, MYERS ER: Potential health and economic impact of adding a human papillomavirus vaccine to screening programs. JAMA (2003) 290:781–789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOLDIE SJ, GRIMA D, KOHLI M, WRIGHT TC, WEINSTEIN M, FRANCO E:A comprehensive natural history model of HPV infection and cervical cancer to estimate the clinical impact of a prophylactic HPV-16/18 vaccine. Int. J. Cancer. (2003) 106:896–904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SANDERS GD, TAIRA AV: Cost-effectiveness of a potential vaccine for human papillomavirus. Emerg. Infect. Dis. (2003) 9:37–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOLDIE SJ, KOHLI M, GRIMA D et al.: Projected clinical benefits and costeffectiveness of a human papilomavirus 16/18 vaccine. J. Nat] Cancer Inst. (2004) 96:604–615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAMMENSEE HG, WEINSCHENK T, GOUTTEFANGEAS C, STEVANOVI S: Towards patient-specific tumor antigen selection for vaccination. Immunal Rev. (2002) 188:164–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STELLER MA, GURSKI KJ, MURAKAMI M et al: Cell-mediated immunological responses in cervical and vaginal cancer patients immunized with a lipidated epitope of human papillomavirus type 16 E7. Clio. Cancer Res.. (1998) 4:2103–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN DRIEL WJ, RESSING ME, KENTER GG et al: Vaccination with HPV16 peptides of patients with advanced cervical carcinoma: clinical evaluation of a phase I-II trial. Eur. J. Cancer. (1999) 35:946–952.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RESSING ME, VAN DRIEL WJ, RIVI et al: Detection of T helper responses, but not of human papillomavirus- specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, after peptide vaccination of patients with cervical carcinoma. Immunother. (2000) 23:255–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MUDERSPACH L, WILCZYNSKI S, ROMAN L et al.: A phase I trial of a human papillomavirus (HPV) peptide vaccine for women with high-grade cervical and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia who are HPV 16 positive. Clio. Cancer Res.. (2000) 6:3406–3416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THOMSON SA, KHANNA R, GARDNER J et al.: Minimal epitopes expressed in a recombinant polyepitope protein are processed and presented to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells: implications for vaccine design. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1995) 92:5845–5849.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZWAVELING S, FERREIRA MOTA SC, NOUTA J et al.: Established human papillomavirus type 16-expressing tumors are effectively eradicated following vaccination with long peptides. I Immunol (2002) 169:350–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROCK KL:The ins and outs of cross-presentation. Nat. Immun.oL (2003) 4:941–943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRAZER I, TINDLE R, FERNANDO Get al.: Safety and immunogenicity of HPV 16E7 algammufin. In: Vaccines for Human Papillomavirus Infection and Anogenital Disease. R Tindle (Ed.), RG Landes Company, Texas, USA (1999):91–104.
   Google Scholar
• BARNDEN M, PAPALIA L, DAVIS R et al.: Antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to HPV 16 E6E7 ISCOMATRIX° vaccine in healthy volunteers. 21st International Papillomavirus Conference. Mexico City, Mexico (2004) Abstract 629.
   Google Scholar
• GOLDSTONE SE, PALEFSKY JM, WINNETT MT, NEEFE JR: Activity of HspE7, a novel immunotherapy, in patients with anogenital warts. Dis. Colon Rectum. (2002) 45:502–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHU NR, WU HB, WU T, BOUX LJ, SIEGEL MI, MIZZEN LA: Immunotherapy of a human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E7-expressing tumour by administration of fusion protein comprising Mycobacterium bovis bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) hsp65 and HPV16 E7. Clin. Exp. Immunol (2000) 121(2):216–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DERKAY CS, ARNOLD J, BOER C et al: HspE7 treatment of pedriatric recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP): final results of an open label trial. 21st International Papillomaviius Conference. Mexico City, Mexico (2004) Abstract 633.
   Google Scholar
• SANTIN AD, BELLONE S, M, CANNON MJ, GP: Vaccination with HPV-18 E7-pulsed dendritic cells in a patient with metastatic cervical cancer. N Engl. .1. Med. (2002) 346:1752–1753.
   Google Scholar
• ADAMS M, BORYSIEWICZ L, FIANDER A et al.: Clinical studies of human papilloma vaccines in pre-invasive invasive cancer. Vaccine. (2001) 19:2549–2556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NONN M, FERRARA A, SEHR P et al: Dendritic cell based tumour vaccine for cervical cancer : in vitro and in vivo evaluation of immunogenicity. 21st International Papillomavirus Conference. Mexico City, Mexico (2004) Abstract 628.
   Google Scholar
• SANTIN AD, BELL ONE S, M et al.: Induction of tumor-specific cytotoxicity in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes by HPV16 and HPV18 E7-pulsed autologous dendritic cells in patients with cancer of the uterine cervix. CynecoL Oncol (2003) 89:271–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KLENCKE B, MATIJEVIC M, RG et al.: Encapsulated plasmid DNA treatment for human papillomavirus 16- associated anal dysplasia: a Phase I study of ZYC101. Clin. Cancer Res.. (2002) 8:1028–1037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GARCIA F, PETRY KU, L et al: ZYC101a for treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet. CynecoL (2004) 103(2):317–326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BORYSIEWICZ LK, FIANDER A, NIMAKO M et al.: A recombinant vaccinia virus encoding human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, E6 and E7 proteins as immunotherapy for cervical cancer. Lancet (1996) 347:1523–1527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAUFMANN AM, STERN PL, RANKIN EM et al.: Safety and immunogenicity of TA-HPV, a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing modified human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 and HPV-18 E6 and E7 genes, in women with progressive cervical cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.. (2002) 8:3676–3685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIDSON EJ, BOSWELL CM, SEHR P et al.: Immunological and clinical responses in women with vulval intraepithelial neoplasia with a vaccinia virus encoding HPV 16/18 oncoproteins. Cancer Res. (2003) 63(18):6032–6041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •HPV oncogene immunisation can induce clinical responses in VIN.
   Google Scholar
• BALDWIN PJ, VAN DER BURG SH, BOSWELL CM et a/Vaccinia-expressed human papillomavirus 16 and 18 E6 and E7 as a therapeutic vaccination for vulval and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Clin. Cancer Res.. (2003) 9(14):5205–5213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAMSHAW IA, RAMSAY AJ: The prime-boost strategy: exciting prospects for vaccination. Immunol Today (2000) 21:163–165.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DE JONG A, O'NEILL T, KHAN AY et al.: Enhancement of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E6 and E7-specific T- cell immunity in healthy volunteers through vaccination with TA-CIN, an HPV16 L2E7E6 fusion protein vaccine. Vaccine. (2002) 20:3456–3464.
   Google Scholar
• DAVIDSON E, FAULKER R, SEHR M et al: Effect of TA-CIN (HPV16L2E6E7) booster immunisation in vulval intraepithelial neoplasia patients previously vaccinated with TA-HPV 9vaccina virus encoding HPV 16/18 E6E7. Vaccine (2004) 22:2722–2729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN DER BURG SH, KM, O'NEILL T et al.: Pre-clinical safety and efficacy of TA-CIN, a recombinant HPV16 L2E6E7 fusion protein vaccine, in homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens. Vaccine. (2001) 19:3652–3660.
   Google Scholar
• SMYTH L, VAN POELGEEST I, DAVIDSON E et al.: Immunological responses in women with HPV16 associated lower genital intraepitelial neoplasia (LGIN) following induced by heterologous prime-boost HPV16 oncogene vaccination. Clinical Cancer Res. (2004) 10:2954–2961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BORYSIEWICZ UK: Vaccinia-based papillomavirus vaccines in cervival cancer. In: Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy. PL Stern, PC Beverley, MW Carroll (Eds), CUP, Cambridge, UK (2000) 62–81.
   Google Scholar
• CARROLL MW, RESTIFO NP: Pox viruses as vectors for cancer therapy. In: Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy. PL Stern, PC Beverley, MW Carroll (Eds), CUP, Cambridge, UK (2000) 47–61
   Google Scholar
• GONZALEZ GUERROL J-F, HERNANDEZ BARAJAS D, GONZALEZ A et al.: 21st International Papillomavims Conference. Mexico City, Mexico (2004) Abstract 627.
   Google Scholar
• GREENSTONE HL, NIELAND JD, DE VISSER KE et al.: Chimeric papillomavirus virus-like particles elicit antitumor immunity against the E7 oncoprotein in an HPV16 tumor model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. (1998) 95:1800–1805.
   Google Scholar
• •Chimeric VLPs can act to stimulate therapeutic immunity to oncogenes.
   Google Scholar
• SCHAFER K, MULLER M, FAATH S et al.: Immune response to human papillomavirus 16 L1E7 chimeric virus-like: induction of cytotoxic T cells and specific tumor protection. Int. J. Cancer. (1999) 81:881–888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REMMINK AJ, WALBOOMERS JM, HELMERHORST TJ et al.: The presence of persistent high-risk HPV genotypes in dysplastic cervical lesions is associated with progressive disease: natural history up to 36 months. Int. J. Cancer. (1995) 61:306–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CONNOR JP, FERRER K, KANE JP, GOLDBERG JM: Evaluation of Langerhans cells in the cervical epithelium of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol (1999) 75:130–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LI S, LABRECQUE S, GAUZZI MC et al.:The human papilloma virus (HPV)-18 E6 oncoprotein physically associates with Tyk2 and impairs Jak-STAT activation by interferon-a. Oncogene (1999) 18:5727–5737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BARNARD P, McMILLAN NA: The human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein abrogates signaling mediated by interferon-a. Virology (1999) 259:305–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KEATING PJ, CROMME FV,-KEEN M et al.: Frequency of down-regulation of individual HLA-A and -B alleles in cervical carcinomas in relation to TAP-1 expression. Br. J. Cancer. (1995) 72:405–411.
   Google Scholar
• BONTKES HJ, WALBOOMERS JM, MEIJER CJ, HELMERHORST TJ, STERN PL: Specific HLA class I down-regulation is an early event in cervical dysplasia associated with clinical progression. Lancet (1998) 351:187–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •HLA loss occurs in CIN.
   Google Scholar
• KOOPMAN LA, CORVER WE, VAN DER SLIK AR, GIPHART MJ, FLEUREN GJ:Multiple genetic alterations cause frequent and heterogeneous human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen class I loss in cervical cancer. J. Exp. Med. (2000) 191:961–976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Multiple genetic loss mechanisms of HLA loss is a barrier to CTL therapy.
   Google Scholar
• KONO K, RESSING ME, BRANDT RM et al.: Decreased expression of signal-transducing zeta chain in peripheral T cells and natural killer cells in patients with cervical cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.. (1996) 2:1825–1828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ONON TS, KITCHENER HC, DUGGAN-KEEN M, STERN PL: No alteration in NK function or zeta chain expression in NK and T cells of cervical patients. Gynecol. Oncol (2003) 89(1):120–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YUAN H, ESTES PA, CHEN Y et al.: Immunization with a pentameric Li fusion protein protects against papillomavirus infection. Virology (2001) 75(17):7848–7853.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WARZECHA H, MASON HS, LANE C et al.: Oral immunogenicity of human papillomavirus-like particles expressed in potato. J. Vim]. (2003) 77(16):8702–8711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VARSANI A, WILLIAMSON AL, RC, JAFFER M, RYBICKI EP: Expression of Human papillomavirus type 16 major capsid protein in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi. Arch. Vim]. (2003) 148(9):1771–1786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PEH WL, MIDDLETON K, CHRISTENSEN N et al.: Life cycle heterogeneity in animal models of human papillomavirus-associated disease../. Vim/. (2002) 76:10401–10416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LENZ P, DAY PM, PANG YY et al: Papillomavirus-like particles induce acute activation of dendritic cells. .1 bronunol. (2001) 166:5346–5355.
   Google Scholar
• FAUSCH SC, DA SILVA DM, WM. Differential uptake and cross-presentation of human papillomavirus virus-like particles by dendritic cells and Langerhans cells. Cancer Res. (2003) 63:3478–3482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHACKERIAN B, LENZ P, LOWY DR, SCHILLER JT: Determinants of autoantibody induction by conjugated papillomavirus virus-like particles.. (2002) 169(11):6120–6126.
   Google Scholar
• STEELE JC, ROBERTS S, ROOKES SM, GALLIMORE PH: Detection of CD4()-and CD8(±)-T-cell responses to human papillomavirus type 1 antigens expressed at various stages of the virus life cycle by using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay of gamma interferon release. Vim/. (2002) 76(12):6027–6036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIDSON EJ, SEHR P, FAULKNER RL et al.: Human papillomavirus type 16 E2-and Li-specific serological and T-cell responses in women with vulval intraepithelial neoplasia. J. Gen. Vim]. (2003) 84(8):2089–2097.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MOORE RA, WALCOTT S, WHITE KL et al.: Therapeutic immunisation with COPV early genes by epithelial DNA delivery. Virology (2003) 314(2):630–635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOORE RA, NICHOLLS PK, SANTOS EB, GOUGH GW, MA: Absence of canine oral papillomavirus DNA following prophylactic Li particle-mediated immunotherapeutic delivery vaccination. J. Gen. Virol (2002) 83(9):2299–2301.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VIERBOOM MP, FELTKAMP MC, NEISIG A et al.: Peptide vaccination with an anchor-replaced CTL epitope protects against human papillomavirus type 16-induced tumors expressing the wild-type epitope. JImmunother (1998) 21(6):399–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHU NR, WU HB, WU T, BOUX LJ, SIEGEL MI, MIZZEN LA: Immunotherapy of a human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E7-expressing tumour by administration of fusion protein comprising Mycobacterium bovis bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) hsp65 and HPV16 E7. Clin. Exp. Innnunol. (2000) 121(2):216–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHAFER K, MULLER M, FAATH S et al.: Immune response to human papillomavirus 16 L1E7 chimeric virus-like particles: induction of cytotoxic T cells and specific tumor protection. Int. J. Cancer. (1999) 81(6):881–888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHEN CH, JI H, SUH KW, CHOTI MA, PARDOLL DM, WU TC: Gene gun-mediated DNA vaccination induces antitumor immunity against human papillomavirus type 16 E7-expressing murine tumor metastases in the liver and lungs. Gene Thec (1999) 6(12):1972–1981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIU DW, TSAO YP, KUNG JT et al: Recombinant adeno-associated virus expressing human papillomavirus type 16 E7 peptide DNA fused with heat shock protein DNA as a potential vaccine for cervical cancer. J. Vim]. (2000) 74(6):2888–2894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUNG CE CHENG WE CHAI CY et al.: Improving vaccine potency through intercellular spreading and enhanced MHC class I presentation of antigen. J. bronunol. (2001) 166(9):5733–5740.
   Google Scholar
• HE Z, WLAZLO AP, KOWALCZYK DW et al.: Viral recombinant vaccines to the E6 and E7 antigens of HPV-16. Virology (2000) 270(1):146–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAMIKANRA A, PAN ZK, ISAACS SN, WU TC, PATERSON Y: Regression of established human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) immortalized tumors in vivo by vaccinia viruses expressing different forms of HPV-16 E7 correlates with enhanced CD8(±) T-cell responses that home to the tumor site. J. Viral. (2001) 75(20):9654–9664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VELDERS MP, McELHINEY S, CASSETTI MC et al.: Eradication of established tumors by vaccination with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles delivering human papillomavirus 16 E7 RNA. Cancer Res. (2001) 61(21):7861–7867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUNN GR, ZUBAIR A, PETERS C, PAN ZK, WU TC, PATERSON Y: Two Listeria monocytogenes vaccine vectors that express different molecular forms of human papilloma virus-16 (HPV-16) E7 induce qualitatively different T cell immunity that correlates with their ability to induce regression of established tumors immortalized by HPV-16. I Inonunol. (2001)167(11):6471–6479.
   Google Scholar
• REVAZ V, BENYACOUB J, KAST WM, SCHILLER JT, DE GRANDI P, NARDELLI-HAEFLIGER D: Mucosal with a recombinant Salmonella typhimurium expressing human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) Li virus-like particles (VLPs) or HPV16 VLPs purified from insect cells inhibits the growth of HPV16-expressing tumor cells in mice. Virology (2001) 279(1):354–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DE BRUIJN ML, SCHUURHUIS DH, VIERBOOM MP et al.: Immunization with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) oncoprotein-loaded dendritic cells as well as protein in adjuvant induces MHC class I-restricted protection to HPV16-induced tumor cells Cancer Res. (1998) 58(4):724–731.
   Google Scholar
• TILLMAN BW, HAYES TL, TD, DOUGLAS JT, DT: Adenoviral vectors targeted to CD40 enhance the efficacy of dendritic cell-based vaccination against human papillomavirus 16-induced tumor cells in a murine model. Cancer Res. (2000) 60(19):5456–5463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NARDELLI-HAEFLIGER D, WIRTHNER D, SCHILLER JT et al.: antibody levels at the cervix during the menstrual cycle of women vaccinated with human papillomavirus 16 virus-like particles. J. Nati Cancer Inst. (2003) 95(15):1128–1137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAISHO T, AKIRA S: Regulation of dendritic cell function through toll-like receptors. Carr Mol. Med. (2003) 3(8):759–771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STANLEY MA: Imiquimod and the imidazoquinolones: mechanism of action and therapeutic potential. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.(2002) 27(7):571–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar