909
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

How to treat patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: evidence-based information and opinions

, , , , , & show all
Pages 779-793 | Published online: 07 Apr 2011

Bibliography

  • Kumar SK, Rajkumar SV, Dispenzieri A, Improved survival in multiple myeloma and the impact of novel therapies. Blood 2008;111:2516-120
  • Corso A, Zappasodi P, Barbarano L, Long-term outcome in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma treated with thalidomide. Balancing effcacy and side-effects. Leuk Res 2009;33:e145-9
  • Hussein MA, Baz R, Srkalovic G, Phase 2 study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, vincristine, decreased-frequency dexamethasone, and thalidomide in newly diagnosed and relapsed-refractory multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81:889-95
  • Niesvizky R, Richardson PG, Rajkumar SV, The relationship between quality of response and clinical benefit for patients treated on the bortezomib arm of the international, randomized, phase 3 APEX trial in relapsed multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2008;143:46-53
  • Corso A, Varettoni M, Mangiacavalli S, Bortezomib plus dexamethasone is highly effective in relapsed and refractory myeloma patients but responses are short-lived. Eur J Haematol 2009;83:449-54
  • Palumbo A, Gay F, Bringhen S, Bortezomib, doxorubicin and dexamethasone in advanced multiple myeloma. Ann Oncol 2008;19:1160-5
  • Delforge M, De Samblanx H, Demuynck H, International observational study on bortezomib (VELCADE) in relapsed multiple myeloma: preliminary efficacy and quality of life (QoL) results from the belgian population. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2009;114: abstract 4523
  • Offidani M, Corvatta L, Polloni C, Thalidomide, dexamethasone, doxil and velcade (ThaDD-V) followed by consolidation/maintenance therapy in patients with relapsed-refractory multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2011. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Harousseau JL, Dimopoulos MA, Wang M, The quality of response to lenalidomide plus dexamethasone is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2010;95:1738-44
  • Palumbo A, Rajkumar SV. Treatment of newly diagnosed myeloma. Leukemia 2009;23:449-56
  • Palumbo A, Gay F. How to treat elderly patients with multiple myeloma: combination of therapy or sequencing. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2009:566-77
  • Mehta J, Cavo M, Singhal S. How I treat elderly patients with myeloma. Blood 2010;116:2215-23
  • Patriarca F, Petrucci MT, Bringhen S, Considerations in the treatment of multiple myeloma: a consensus statement from Italian experts. Eur J Haematol 2009;82:93-105
  • Harousseau JL, Palumbo A, Richardson PG, Superior outcomes associated with complete response in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients treated with non-intensive therapy: analysis of the phase 3 VISTA study of bortezomib plus melphalan-prednisone versus melphalan-prednisone. Blood 2010, prepublished online July 13. DOI 10.1182/blood-2010-03-275800
  • Niesvizky R, Jayabalan DS, Christos PJ, BiRD (Biaxin [clarithromycin]/Revlimid [lenalidomide]/dexamethasone) combination therapy results in high complete- and overall-response rates in treatment-naive symptomatic multiple myeloma. Blood 2008;111:1101-9
  • Kumar S, Dingli D, Dispenzieri A, Impact of additional cytoreduction following autologous SCT in multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2008;42:259-64
  • Lahuerta JJ, Mateos MV, Martinez-Lopez J, Influence of pre- and post-transplantation responses on outcome of patients with multiple myeloma: sequential improvement of response and achievement of complete response are associated with longer survival. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5775-82
  • Gertz MA, Kumar S, Lacy MQ, Stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: impact of response failure with thalidomide or lenalidomide induction. Blood 2010;115:2348-53
  • Moreau P, Facon T, Attal M, Comparison of reduced-dose bortezomib plus thalidomide plus dexamethasone (vTD) to bortezomib plus dexamethasone (VD) as induction treatment prior to ASCT in de novo multiple myeloma (MM): results of IFM2007-02 study. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(Suppl): abstract 8014
  • Ludwig H, Viterbo L, Greil R, Phase II study of bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone ± cyclophosphamide as induction therapy in previously untreated multiple myeloma (MM): safety and activity including evaluation of MRD. Haematologica 2010;95(Suppl 2): abstract 0371
  • Richardson PG, Weller E, Lonial S, Lenalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone combination therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood 2010;116:679-86
  • Kumar S, Fkinn IW, Hari PI, Novel three- and four-drug combinations of bortezomib, dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, and lenalidomide for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: encouraging results from the multi-center, randomized, phase 2 EVOLUTION Study. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2009;114: abstract 127
  • Richardson PG, Sonneveld P, Schuster M, Bortezomib or high-dose dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2487-98
  • Richardson P, Jagannath S, Hussein M, Safety and efficacy of single-agent lenalidomide in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Blood 2009;114:772-8
  • Orlowski RZ, Nagler A, Sonneveld P, Randomized phase III trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin plus bortezomib compared with bortezomib alone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: combination therapy improves time to progression. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3892-901
  • Weber DM, Chen C, Niesvizky R, Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma in North America. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2133-42
  • Dimopoulos M, Spencer A, Attal M, Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2123-32
  • Mateos MV, Oriol A, Martinez-Lopez J, Bortezomib, melphalan and prednisone versus bortezomib. Thalidomide and prednisone as induction therapy followed by maintenance treatment with bortezomib and thalidomide versus bortezomib and prednisone in elderly patients with untreated multiple myeloma: a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 2010;11:934-41
  • Bringhen S, Larocca A, Rossi D, Efficacy and safety of once weekly bortezomib in multiple myeloma patients. Blood 2010;116:4745-53
  • Mateos M-V, Richardson PG, Schlag R, Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone compared with melphalan and prednisone in previously untreated multiple myeloma: updated follow-up and impact of subsequent therapy in the phase III VISTA Trial. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:2259-66
  • McCarthy PL, Owzar K, Anderson KC, Phase III intergroup study of lenalidomide versus placebo maintenance therapy following single autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) for multiple myeloma (MM): CALGB 100104. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(Suppl): abstract 8017
  • Attal M, Cristini C, Marit G, Lenalidomide maintenance after transplantation for myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(Suppl): abstract 8018
  • Ladetto M, Pagliano G, Ferrero S, Major tumor shrinking and persistent molecular remissions after consolidation with bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone in patients with autografted myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:2077-84
  • Palumbo A, Bringhen S, Rossi D, Bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone-thalidomide followed by maintenance with bortezomib-thalidomide compared with bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone for initial treatment of multiple myeloma: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(34):5101-9
  • Palumbo A, Gay F, Falco P, Bortezomib as induction before autologous transplantation, followed by lenalidomide as consolidation-maintenance in untreated multiple myeloma patients. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:800-7
  • Knop S, Gerecke C, Liebisch P, Lenalidomide, adriamycin, and dexamethasone (RAD) in patients wth relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: a report from the German Myeloma Study Group DSMM (Deutsche Studiengruppe Multiples Myeloma). Blood 2009;113:4137-43
  • Palumbo A, Ambrosini MT, Benevolo G, Bortezomib, melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide for relapsed multiple myeloma. Blood 2007;109:2767-72
  • Dimopoulos MA, Chen C, Spencer A, Long-term follow-up on overall survival from the MM-009 and MM-010 phase III trials of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2010;23:2147-52
  • Harrison SJ, Quach H, Dean J, Bortezomib and dexamethasone from cycle 1 as treatment and maintenance for multiple myeloma relapse (The BoMeR trial): impact on response and time to progression. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(Suppl): abstract 8151
  • Sook Lee S, Suh C, Kim BS, Bortezomib, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone combination therapy followed by thalidomide and dexamethasone consolidation as a salvage treatment for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: analysis of efficacy and safety. Ann Hematol 2010;89:905-112
  • Baz R, Walker E, Karam MA, Lenalidomide and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: safety and efficacy. Ann Oncol 2006;17:1766-71
  • Palumbo A, Larocca A, Falco P, Lenalidomide, melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide (RMPT) for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2010;24:1037-42
  • Petrucci MT, Blau IW, Corradini P, Efficacy and safety of retreatment with bortezomib in patients with multiple myeloma: interim results from RETRIEVE, a prospective international phase 2 study. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2009;114: abstract 3866
  • Kumar SK, Therneau TM, Gertz MA, Clinical course of patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79:867-74
  • Kumar SK, Crowley J, Klein SK, Treatment patterns and outcome among patients with multiple myeloma relapsing and or refractory to bortezomib and immunomodulatory drugs: a multicenter International Myeloma Working Group study. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(Suppl): abstract 8125
  • Stadtmauer EA, Weber DM, Niesvizky R, Lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone at first relapse in comparison with its use as later salvage therapy in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2009;82:426-32
  • Avet-Loiseau H, Soulier J, Fermand J-P, Impact of high-risk cytogenetics and prior therapy on outcomes in patients with advanced relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone. Leukemia 2010;24:623-8
  • Dimopoulos MA, Kastritis E, Christoulas D, Treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with lenalidomide and dexamethasone with or without bortezomib: prospective evaluation of the impact of cytogenetic abnormalities and of previous therapies. Leukemia 2010;24:1769-78
  • Vogl DT, Stadtmauer EA, Richardson PG, Impact of prior therapies on the relative efficacy of bortezomib compared with dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2009;147:531-4
  • Sonneveld P, Hajek R, Nagler A, Combined pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and bortezomib is highly effective in patients with recurrent or refractory multiple myeloma who received prior thalidomide/lenalidomide therapy. Cancer 2008;112:1529-37
  • Wang M, Dimopoulos MA, Chen C, Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone is more effective than dexamethasone alone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma regardless of prior thalidomide exposure. Blood 2008;112:4445-51
  • Barlogie B, Tricot G, Anaissie E, Thalidomide and hematopoietic-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1021-30
  • Guglielmelli T, Bringhen S, Rrodhe S, Previous thalidomide therapy may not affect lenalidomide response and outcome in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients. Eur J Cancer 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.12.026
  • Kropff M, Bisping G, Schuck E, Bortezomib in combination with intermediate-dose dexamethasone and continuous low-dose oral cyclophosphamide for relapsed multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2007;138:330-7
  • Pineda-Roman M, Zangari M, van Rhee F, VTD combination therapy with bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone is highly effective in advanced and refractory multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2008;22:1419-27
  • Reece D, Song KW, Fu T, Influence of cytogenetics in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone: adverse effect of deletion 17p13. Blood 2009;114:522-5
  • Reece DE, Trieu Y, Chen C, Sequencing novel agents in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: use of bortezomib-based therapy after lenalidomide + dexamethasone. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2009;114: abstract 1853
  • Richardson P, Jagannath S, Jakuboviak A, Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM): encouraging response rates and tolerability with correlation of outcome and adverse cytogenetics in a phase II study. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2008;112: abstract 1742
  • van de Donk NWCJ, Wittebol S, Minnema MC, Lenalidomide (Revlimid) combined with continous oral cyclophosphamide (endoxan) and prednisone (REP) is effective in lenalidomide/dexamethasone-refractoty myeloma. Br J Haematol 2009;148:332-40
  • Young T, Chu C-M, Xu W, Activity with thalidomide-based therapy following lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2009;114: abstract 3855
  • Chanan-Khan AA, Yu Z, Weber D, Lenalidomide (L) in combination with dexamethasone (D) significantly improves time to progression (TTP) in non-stem cell transplant patients with relapsed or refractory/rel/ref) multiple myeloma (MM): analysis from MM-09 and MM-010 randomized phase III clinical trials. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2006;108: abstract 3554
  • Crippa C, Ferrari S, Drera M, Outcome of autologous stem cells transplantation (ASCT) in comparison with new drugs-based regimens as salvage treatment after first line therapy with single or tandem ASCT in multiple myeloma patients. Haematologica 2010;95(Suppl 2): abstract 0378
  • Sagaster V, Ludwig H, Kaufmann H, Bortezomib in relapsed multiple myeloma: response rates and duration of response are independent of a chromosome 13q-deletion. Leukemia 2007;21:164-8
  • Jagannath S, Richardson PG, Sonneveld P, Bortezomib appears to overcome the poor prognosis conferred by chromosome 13 deletion in phase 2 and 3 trials. Leukemia 2007;21:151-7
  • Chang H, Trieu Y, Qi X, Impact of cytogenetics in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma treated with bortezomib: adverse effect of 1q21 gains. Leuk Res 2010; DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.05.002
  • Kim Y-K, Sohn S-K, Lee J-H, Clinical efficacy of a bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (Vel-CTD) regimen in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a phase II study. Ann Hematol 2010;89:475-82
  • Kuhn DJ, Chen Q, Voorhees PM, Potent activity of carfilzomib, a novel, irreversible inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, against preclinical models of multiple myeloma. Blood 2007;110:3281-90
  • Chauhan D, Hideshima T, Anderson KC. A novel proteasome inhibitor NPI-0052 as an anticancer therapy. Br J Cancer 2006;95:961-5
  • Piva R, Ruggeri B, Williams M, CEP-18770: a novel, orally active proteasome inhibitor with tumor-selective pharmacologic profile competitive with borteomib. Blood 2008;111:2765-75
  • Bennett MK, Kirk CJ. Development of proteasome inhibitors in oncology and autoimmune diseases. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel 2008;11:616-25
  • Alsina M, Trudel S, Vallone M, Phase 1 single agent antitumor activity of twice weekly consecutive day dosing of the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib (PR-171) in hematologic malignancies. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2007;110: abstract 411
  • Orlowski RZ, Stewart K, Vallone M, Safety and antitumor efficacy of the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib (PR-171) dosed for five consecutive days in hematologic malignancies: phase 1 results. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2007;110: abstract 409
  • Siegel DS, Martin T, Wang M, Results of PX-171-003-A1, an open-label, single arm, phase 2 (Ph 2) study of carfilzomib (CFZ) in patients (pts) with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2010;116: abstract 985
  • Singhal SB, Siegel DS, Martin T, Pooled safety analysis from phase 1 and 2 studies of carfilzomib (CFZ) in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (MM). ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2010;116: abstract 1954
  • Jagannath S, Vij R, Kaufman JL, Long-term treatment and tolerability of the novel proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib (CFZ) in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2010;116: abstract 1953
  • Badros AZ, Vij R, Martin T, Phase I study of carfilzomib in patients (Pts) with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM) and varying degrees of renal insufficiency. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2009;114: abstract 3877
  • Niesvizky R, Vij R, Martin T, Phase II study of carfilzomib in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma and varying degrees of renal insufficiency. Haematologica 2010;95(Suppl 2): abstract 0392
  • Jakubowiak A, Wang L, Orlowski RZ, Influence of cytogenetics in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM) treated with carfilzomib (CFZ). ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2009;114: abstract 1827
  • Wang M, Bensinger W, Orlowski R, PX-171-006, a phase IB dose-escalation study of carfilzomib + lenalidomide + low-dose dexamethasone in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2010;95(Suppl 2): abstract 0388
  • Streetly MJ, Gyertson K, Daniel Y, Alternate day pomalidomide retains anti-myeloma effect with reduced adverse events and evidence of in vivo immunomodulation. Br J Haematol 2008;141:41-51
  • Schey SA, Fields P, Bartlett JB, Phase I study of an immunomodulatory thalidomide analog, CC-4047, in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:3269-76
  • Galustian C, Meyer B, Labarthe MC, The anti-cancer agents lenalidomide and pomalidomide inhibit the proliferation and function of T regulatory cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009;58:1033-45
  • Verhelle D, Corral LG, Wong K, Lenalidomide and CC-4047 inhibit the proliferation of malignant B cells while expanding normal CD34+ progenitor cells. Cancer Res 2007;67:746-55
  • Shalapour S, Zelmer A, Pfau M, The thalidomide analogue, CC-4047, induces apoptosis signaling and growth arrest in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:5526-32
  • Richardson P, Siegel D, Baz R, A Phase 1/2 multi-center, randomized, open label dose escalation study to determine the maximum tolerated dose, safety, and efficacy of pomalidomide alone or in combination with low-dose dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who have received prior treatment that includes lenalidomide and bortezomib. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2009;114: abstract 301
  • Lacy MQ, Hayman SR, Gertz MA, Pomalidomide (CC4047) plus low-dose dexamethasone (Pom/dex) is highly effective therapy in relapsed multiple myeloma. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2008;112: abstract 866
  • Lacy MQ, Hayman SR, Gertz MA, Pomalidomide (CC4047) plus low dose dexamethasone (Pom/dex) is active and well tolerated in lenalidomide refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Leukemia 2010;24:1934-9
  • Streetly M, Stewart O, Gyertson K, Pomalidomide monotherapy for relapsed myeloma is associated with excellent responses and prolonged progression free and overall survival. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2009;114: abstract 3878
  • Diehl V, Cheson BD. Bendamustine in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Introduction. Semin Oncol 2002;29:1-3
  • Ponisch W, Rozanski M, Goldschmidt H, Combined bendamustine, prednisolone and thalidomide for refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma after autologous stem-cell transplantation or conventional chemotherapy: results of a Phase I clinical trial. Br J Haematol 2008;143:191-200
  • Ponisch W, Mitrou PS, Merkle K, Treatment of bendamustine and prednisone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma results in superior complete response rate, prolonged time to treatment failure and improved quality of life compared to treatment with melphalan and prednisone – a randomized phase III study of the East German Study Group of Hematology and Oncology (OSHO). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2006;132:205-12
  • Lentzsch S, O'Sullivan A, Lalo S, A phase I study of bendamustine combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract. Blood 2009;114: abstract 1856
  • Stewart AK. Novel therapies for relapsed myeloma. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2009:578-86
  • Ciolli S, Leoni F, Casini C, The addition of liposomal doxorubicin to bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone significantly improve clinical outcome of advanced multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2008;141:814-19.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.