Section Review: Pulmonary-Allergy, Dermatological, Gastrointestinal & Arthritis: New modes of immunosuppression for the prevention of allograft rejection

References

• WOOD KJ: Mechanisms of rejection. In: Gastrointestinal Transplantation. Neuberger J (Ed.), Balliere's Clinical Gas-troenterology (1994).
   Google Scholar
• CALNE RY, WILLIAMS R, ROLLES K: Liver transplantation In the adult. WorldJ. Surg. (1980) 10:422–431.
   Google Scholar
• HAYDON GH, HAYES PC: New immunosuppressive treatment in transplantation medicine. In: Gastrointesti-nal Transplantation. Neuberger J (Ed.), Balliere's Clinical Gastroenterology (1994).
   Google Scholar
• CALNE RY, ROLLES K, WHITE DJE: Cydosporin A in clinical organ grafting. Transplantation (1986) 13:349.
   Google Scholar
• STARZL TE, INATSUKI S, SHAW BW, GORDON RO: Orthop-tic transplantation in 1984. Transplantation Proc. (1985) 17:296–302.
   Google Scholar
• HAYRY P: Intragraft events and allograft destruction.Transplantation (1984) 38:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VIERLING JM: Immunologic mechanisms of hepatic al-lograft rejection. Semin. Liv. Dis (1992) 12(1):16–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIS MM, BJORKMAN PJ: T-cell receptor genes and T-cell recognition. Nature (1988) 334:395–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DONALDSON PT, UNDERBILL JA, O'GRADY JG, WILLIAMS R: Influence of tissue typing on rejection and outcome. In: Therapy in Liver Diseases. Rodes J, Arroyo V (Eds.), Ediciones Doyma, Barcelona (1991)189–196.
   Google Scholar
• I IALLORAN PF, BROSKI AP, BATIUK TD, MADRENAS J: The molecular immunology of acute rejection: An overview. Transplant Immunol. (1993) 1:3-27. A thorough review of the molecular immunology of allograft rejec-tion.
   Google Scholar
• LECHLER RI, LOMBARDI G, BATCHELOR JR: The molecu- lar basis of alloreactivity. Immunol. Today (1990) 11:83–88.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KNIGHT SC, STAGG AJ: Antigen presenting cell types. Gun-. Opin. Immunol. (1993) 5:374–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ADAMS DH: Adhesion molecules and liver transplanta-tion: new strategies for therapeutic intervention. J. Hepatol. (1995) 23:225–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BURAKOFF SJ, LAFFERTY KJ: Antigen, co-stimulators and cytokines: regulators of allogeneic interactions? Curr. Opin. Immunol. (1993) 5:745–746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOISE LH, NOEL Pj, THOMPSON CB: CD28 and apoptosis. Curr. Opin. Immunol. (1995) 7:620–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DALLMAN MJ: Cytokines as mediators of organ graft rejection and tolerance. Curr. Opin. Immunol. (1993) 5:788–793.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARAI K, LEE F, MIYAJIMA A: Cytokines: coordinators of Immune and inflammatory responses. Ann. Rev. Bio-chem. (1990) 59:783–836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICKERSON P, STEURER W, STEIGER J, ZHENG X, STEELE AW, smom TB: Cytokines and the Thz/Thz paradigm in transplantation. Curr. Opin. Immunol. (1994) 6:757–764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STREET NE, MOSMANN TR: Functional diversity of T-lym-phocytes due to secretion of different cytokine pat-terns. FASEB J. (1991) 5:171–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FITCH FW, MCKISIC MD, LANCKI DW, GAJEWSKI TF: Differential regulation of murine T-lymphocyte sub-sets. Ann. Rev. Immunol. (1993) 11:29–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOSMANN TR, MOORE KW: The role of 11-10 in cross-regulation of Thz and Thz responses. Immunol. Today (1991) 12:A49–A53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NEUBERGER J: Liver allograft rejection - current con-cepts on diagnosis and treatment. J. Hepatol. (1995) 23:54–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ADAMS DH, WANG L, HUBSCHER SG, NEUBERGER JM:Hepatic endothelial cells. Targets in liver allograft re-jection? Transplantation (1989) 47:479–482.
   Google Scholar
• HAO L, WANG Y, GILL RG: Role of lympholdne in isletallograft rejection. Transplantation (1990) 49:609–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• INTERNATIONAL WORKING PARTY: Terminology for he-patic allograft rejection. Hepatology (1995) 22:648–654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHORLE H, HOLTSCHKE T, HONIG T, SCH1MPL A, HORAK I: Development and function of T-cells in mice rendered interleukin-2 deficient by gene targeting. Nature (1991) 352:621–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THOMSON AW, WOO J, ZEEVI A; The influence of FK506 •on lymphocyte responses in vitro and in vivo. In:Immunosuppressive Drugs. Thomson AW, Starzl TE (Eds.), Edward Arnold, London (1994). An excellent text examining the discovery of many new immuno-suppressive drugs; it is particularly rigorous in its description of in vitro and animal studies.
   Google Scholar
• FUNG J, ABU-ELMAGD K, JAIN A: A randomised trial ofprimary liver transplantation under immunosuppres-sion with FK506 vs. cyclosporin. Transplant..Proc. (1991) 23:2977–2983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCMILLAN R, HUSBERG B, GOLDSTEIN R: A prospective randomised trial of cyclosporin vs. FK506. In: Abstracts of the 25th International Congress of the Transplantation Society. Paris (1992).
   Google Scholar
• EUROPEAN FK506 MULTICENTRE LIVER STUDY GROUP: •Randomised trial comparing Tacrolimus and cy-closporin in prevention of liver allograft rejection. Lancet (1994) 344:423-428. The first of three prospective, randomised, multicentre trials com-paring Tacrolimus with cyclosporin; through these three triaLs we have an impression of the advantages and disadvantages of each drug in primary immunosuppression.
   Google Scholar
• THE US MULT10ENTRE FK506 LIVER STUDY GROUP. A •comparison of Tacrolimus and cyclosporin for immu-nosuppression in liver transplantation. New Engl .J. Med. (1994)331:1110–1115.
   Google Scholar
• THE US MULTICENTRE FK506 LIVER STUDY GROUP: •Tacrolimus compared with cydosporin for primaryintununosuppression after paediatric liver transplanta-tion. Transplantation (1995) 59(4):530–536.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MCDIARMID SV, COLONNA J, SHAKED A: A comparison of renal function in cydosporin and FK506 treated patients after orthoptic liver transplantation. In: Ab-stracts of the 14th International Congress of the Transplanta-tion Society. Paris (1992).
   Google Scholar
• FRANK B, PERDRIZET GA, WHITE HM: Neurotoxicity of FK506 in liver transplant recipients. Transplant. Proc. (1993) 25:1887–1888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TABASCO-MINGUILLAN MIELES L, CARROLL: Long-terminsulin requirements after liver transplantation with FK506 in American veterans. In: Abstracts of the 14th International Congress of the Transplantation Society. Paris (1992).
   Google Scholar
• D'ALESSANDRO AM, KALAYOGLU M, PIRSCH JD: FK506rescue therapy for resistant rejection episodes in liver transplant recipients. Transplant. Proc. (1991) 23:2987–2988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HERBERT MF, ASCHER NL, TAKE JR: Efficacy and toxicity of FK506 for treatment of resistant rejection in liver transplant patients. Transplant. Proc. (1991) 23:3109–3110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCDIARMID SV, KuNimAtm G, BUS=L: FK506 rescue therapy in liver transplantation: outcome and compli-cations. Transplant. Proc. (1991) 23:2996–2999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEWIS WD, JENKINS RL, BURKE PA: FK506 rescue therapy In liver transplant recipients with drug resistant rejec-tion. Transplant. Proc. (1991) 23:2989–2991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THOMSON AW: The immunosuppressive macrolides FK506 and rapamycin_ Immunol. Lett. (1991) 29:105–112.
   Google Scholar
• WOOD RP, KATZ SM, KAHAN BD: New immunosuppres-sive agents. Transplant. Sci. (1991) 1:34–46.
   Google Scholar
• FERRARESSO M, KAHAN BD: Immunopharmacology of rapamycin. EOS (I. Immunol. Immunopharmacol.) (1993) 12:252–255.
   Google Scholar
• KAHAN BD, GIBBONS S, TEJPAL N: Synergistic interac-tions of cydosporin and rapamycin to inhibit immune performances of normal human peripheral blood lym-phocytes in vitro. Transplantation (1991) 51:232–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OCHAI T, GUNJI Y, NAGATA M: Effective and safe use of FK506: Combination treatment with raparnycin or RS-61443 in experimental organ transplantation. Trans-plant. Proc. (1991) 23:2718–2719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STEPKOWSKI SM, CHEN H, WANG M, DALOZE P, KAHAN BD: Inhibition of host-versus-graft and graft-versus-host responses after small bowel trans plantation in rats by rapamycin. Transplantation (1992) 53:258–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHEN H, WU J, XU D, ABOUJAOUDE M, STEPKOWSKI S, KAHAN B, DALOZE P: The effect of rapamycin on or-thoptic small bowel transplantation in the rat. Trans-plant. Proc. (1992) 24:1157–1158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FABIAN MA, DENNING SM, BOLLINGER RR: Rapamycin suppression of host-versus-graft and graft-versus-host disease in MHC-mismatc_hed rats. Transplant. Proc. (1992) 24:1174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KERR PG, ATKINS RC: The effects of deoxyspergualin onlymphocytes and monocytes in vivo and in vitro. Trans-plantation (1989) 48:1048–1052.
   Google Scholar
• CAROBBI A, ARANEDA D, PATESELAS T, THOMAS J, MOSCA F, THOMAS F: Effect of splenectomy in combi-nation with deoxyspergualin and FK506 on cardiac allograft survivaL Transplant. Proc. (1991) 23:549–550.
   Google Scholar
• NAKAJ1MA K, SAKAMOTO K, OCHIAIA T, NAGATA M, ASANO T, ISONO K: Prolongation of cardiac xenograft survival in rats treated with 15-deoxyspergualin alone and in combination with FK506. Transplantation (1988) 45:1146–1148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WANG J, MORRIS RE: Effect of splenectomy and mono-or combination therapy with rapamycin, the morpholi-noethyl ester of mycophenolic acid and deoxysper-gualin on cardiac xenograft survivaL Transplant. Proc. (1991) 23:699–702.
   Google Scholar
• AMENIYA H, DOHI K, OTSUBA 0: Markedly enhanced therapeutic effect of deoxyspergualin on acute rejec-tion when combined with methylprednisolone in kid-ney recipients. Transplant. Proc. (1991) 23:1087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AMENIYA H, TAGUCHI Y, FUKAO K: Establishment of rejection therapy with deoxyspergualin by multicentre controlled clinical study on renal transplants. In: Ab-stracts of the 14th International Congress of the Transplanta-tion Society. Paris (1992).
   Google Scholar
• REICHENSPURNER H, HUMAN PA, BOEHM DH, ROSE AG, MAY R, COOPER DKC, ZILLA P, REICHART B: Optimisation of inununosuppression after xenograft heart trans-plantation in primates. J. Heart Transplant. (1989) 8:200–207.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• REICHENSPRUNER H, HUMAN PA, ROSE AC, REICHART B,COOPER DKC: Effect of pharmacological immunosup-pression on donor heart survival in a closely related nonhuman primate xenograft model. Transplant. Proc. (1990) 22:1086–1087.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MAKOWKA L, CRAMER DV: Brequinar sodium: mode ofaction and effects on graft rejection. In: Immunosuppres-sive Drugs. Thomson AW, Starzl TE (Eds.), Edward Arnold, London (1994).
   Google Scholar
• CRAMER DV, CHAPMAN FA, JAFFEE BD: The effect of a new immunosuppressive drug, brequinar sodium on heart, liver, and kidney allograft rejection in the rat. Transplantation (1992) 53:303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MURASE N, STARZLTE, DEMETRIS AJ: Hamster to rat heart and liver xenotrans plantation with FK506 plus antipro-liferative drugs. Transplantation (1993) 55:701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CRAMER DV, CHAPMAN FA, MAKOWKA L: Summation of brequinar sodium symposium. Transplantation (1993) 25:83.
   Google Scholar
• SHEN H-S, CHEN S-F, BEHRENS D, WHITNEY C, DEXTER D, FORBES M: Distribution of the novel anticancer drug candidate brequinar sodium into normal and tumour tissues of nude mice bearing human colon carcinoma xenografts. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. (1988) 22:183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARTEAGA CL, BROWN T, KUHM J: Phase I clinical and pharmacolcinetic evaluation of brequinar sodium. Can-cer Res. (1989) 49:46–48.
   Google Scholar
• KNOOP M, CRAMER DV, CHAPMAN FA: A new imrnuno-suppressive drug brequinar sodium suppresses liver allograft rejection and induces permanent tolerance in the rat. In: Abstracts of the 14th International Congress of the Transplantation Society. Paris (1992).
   Google Scholar
• GRAY DWR: Mycophenolate mofetil for transplantation: new drug, old problems? Lancet (1995) 346:390. Letter to The lancet summarising the merits of mycophenolate mofetil and its likely role in irnmunosuppressive regimens.
   Google Scholar
• ALLISON CA, EUGUI EM: Mycophenolate motet& mode •of action and effects on graft rejection. In: Immunosup-pressive Drugs. Thomson AW, Starzl TE (Eds.), Edward Arnold, London (1994). The first randomised, prospective, double-blind trial comparing mycophenolate with placebo.
   Google Scholar
• MORRIS RE, HOYT EG, MURPHY MP, EUGUI EM, ALLISON AC: Mycophenolate mofetil is a new immunosuppres-sant that prevents and halts heart allograft rejection by selective inhibition of T- and B-cell purine synthesis. Transplant. Proc. (1990) 22:876–879.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HAG L, LAFFERTY KJ, ALLISON AC, EUGUI EM: RS-61443 allows islet allografting and specific tolerance induc-tion in adult mice. Transplant. Proc. (1990) 22:876–879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAO L, CALCINARO F, LAFFERTY KJ, ALLISON AC, EUGUI EM: Tolerance induction in adult mice: cyclosporin inhibits RS-61443-induced tolerance. Transplant. Proc. (1991) 23:733–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PLATZ FE, SOLLINGER HW, HULLETT DA, ECKHOFF DE, EUGUI EM, ALLISON AC: RS-61443, a new potent immu-nosuppressive agent. Transplantation (1991) 51:27–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PLATZ FE, ECKHOFF D, BECHSTEIN WO, SUZUKI Y, SOLLINGER HW: RS-61433 reverses acute allograft rejec-tion in dogs. Surgery (1991) 110:736–741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SALAM.AN J, MOORE R, JOHNSON RWG: A controlled trial of RS-61443 in renal transplant patients receiving cy-closporin monotherapy. In: Abstracts of the International Congress of the Transplantation Society. Paris (1992).
   Google Scholar
• EUROPEAN MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL COOPERATIVE STUDY GROUP: Placebo-controlled study of mycophe-nolate mofetil combined with cyclosporin and corticos-teroids for prevention of acute rejection. Lancet (1995) 345:1321–1325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 'CIAO F, CHONG AS-F, BARTLE1T RR, WILLIAMS JW, Le-flunomide: a promising krununosuppressant in trans-plantation. In: Immunosuppressant Drugs. Thomson AW, Starzl TE (Eds.), Edward Arnold, London (1994).
   Google Scholar
• BARTLETT RR, DIMITRIJEVIC M, MATTER T, ZIELINSKI T, GERMAN T, RUDE E, THOENES GH, KUCHLE CCA, SCHOR-LEMMER H-U, BREMER E, FINNEGAN A, SCHLEYERBACH R: Leilunomide, a novel immunomodulating compound for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and reac-tions leading to transplantation rejection- Agents Actions (1991) 32:10–21.
   Google Scholar
• WILLIAMSON RA, YEA CM, ROBSON PA, CURNOCK AP,GADHER 5, HAMBLETON AB, WOODWARD K, BRUNEAU J-M, HAMBLETON P, MOSS D, THOMSON TA, SPINELLA S, MOLAND P, COURTIN 0, SAUTES C, WESTWOOD R, HER-CENT) T, KUO EA, RUUTH E: Dihydroorotate dehydro-genase is a high affinity binding protein for 477 1726 and a mediator of a range of biological effects of the immunomodulatory compound. J. Biol. Chem. (1995) 270:22467–22472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUCHLE CCA, THOENES OH, LANGER KH, SCHORLEMMER HU, I3ARTLETT RR, SCHLEYERBACH R: Prevention of kidney and skin graft rejection in rats by leflunomide, a new immunomodulating agent. Transplant. Proc. (1990) 23:1803–1806.
   Google Scholar
• GLANT TT, MIKECZ K, BARLETT RR, DEAK F, THONAR EJ-MA, WILLIAMS JM, MATTAR T, KUETTNER RE, SCHLEY-ERBACH R: Immunomodulation of proteoglycan in- duced progressive polyartluitis by lefkmomide. Immu-nopharmacology (1992) 23:105–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHORDEMMER HU, SETTER FR, BARTLE'TT RR: Prolonga-tion of allogenic transplanted skin grafts and induction of tolerance by lefluriomide, a new immunosuppress ive isoxazole derivative. Transplant. Proc. (1993) 25:745–746.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KUPIEC-WEGLINSKI JW, SCHMIDBAUER G, BADGER AM: SK&F 105685: a novel azaspirane with immunosuppres-sive activities in animal models of autoircunune diseases and organ transplantation. In: Immunosuppressive Drugs. Thomson AW, Starzl TE (Eds.), Edward Arnold, London (1994).
   Google Scholar
• BADGER AM, ALBRIGHTSON-WINSLOW CR, KUPIEC-WEG-LINSKI JW: SK&F 105685: a novel im.mimosuppressive compound with efficacy in animal models of autoim-inunity and transplantation. Transplant. Proc. (1991) 23:194–195.
   Google Scholar
• FAN PY, ALBRIGHTSON-WINSLOW CR, HOWELL D, BEST C, BADGER AM, COFFMAN TM: The azaspirane SK&F 105685 ameliorates renal allograft rejection in rats. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. In press.
   Google Scholar
• COSIMI AB: Future of monoclonal antibodies in solid •organ transplantation. Dig. Dis. Sci. (1995) 40:65-72. An excellent review article summarising the role of monoclonal antibodies in immunosuppression.
   Google Scholar
• COSIMI AB, COLVIN RB, BURTON RC, RUBIN RH, GOLD-STEIN G, KUNG PC, HANSEN WE, DELMONICO FL, RUSSELL PS: Use of monoclonal antibodies to T-cell subsets for Immunological monitoring and treatment in recipients of renal allografts. New Engl. J. Med. (1981) 305:308–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COSIMI AB, BURTON RC, COLVIN RB, GOLDSTEIN G, DELMONICO FL, LAQUALIGIA, MP, TOLKOFF-RUBIN RH, HERRIN JT, RUSSELL PS: Treatment of acute renal allo-graft rejection with OKT3 monoclonal antibody. Trans-plantation (1981) 32:535–539.
   Google Scholar
• MILLIS J, MCDIARMID S, HIATT J: Randomised prospec-tive trial of OKT3 for early prophylaxis after liver transplantation. Transplantation (1989) 47:82–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SINGH N, DUMMER S, KISNE S: Infections with CMV and other viruses in 121 liver transplant recipients: trans-mission by donated organ and the effect of OKT3 antibodies. J. Infect. Dis. (1985) 158:124–131.
   Google Scholar
• SWIMMEN LJ, COSTANZO-NORDIN MR, FISHER SG: In-creased incidence of lymphoproliferathv disorder af-ter irnmunosuppression with the monoclonal antibody OKT3 in cardiac transplant recipients. New Engl. J. Med. (1990) 323:1723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAID TH, LUCAS BA, THOMPSON JS, BROWN SA, MUNCH L, PREBECK RJ, JEZEK D: Treatment of acute cellular rejection with T10B9.1A-31 or OKT3 in renal allograft recipients. Transplantation (1992) 53:80-86. This paper proposes an intriguing mode of treatment using alternate monoclonal antibodies in renal allografts recipients with acute cellular rejection.
   Google Scholar
• SABLINSKI T, SAYEGH Mil, KUT, TILNEY NL, MILFORD EL, KUPTEC-WEGLINSKI JW: The importance of targeting the CD4. T-cell subset at the time of antigenic challenge for induction of prolonged vascularised allograft survival. Transplantation (1992) 53:219–221.
   Google Scholar
• SHIZURU JA, SEYDEL KB, FLAVIN TF, WU AB, KONG CC, HOYT EG, FUJIMOTO N, BELLINGHAM ME, STARNES VA, FATHMAN CG: Induction of donor specific unrespon-siveness to cardiac allografts in rats by pretransplant 64. 00 anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody therapy. Transplanta-tion (1990) 50:366–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SABLINSKI T, HANCOCK WW, TILNEY NL, KUPIEC-WEG-LINSKI JW: CD4 monoclonal antibodies in organ trans-plantation - a review of progress. Transplantation (1991) 52:579–589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAND W: Monoclonal antibodies in 1991: new potentialoptions in clinical immunosuppressive therapy. Clin Transplant. (1991) 5:493–500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REICHART B, MEISER BM, REITER CH, WENE K, REICHENSPURNER H, KREIZER E, RIETHMULLER G, LTBER-FUHR P: A new chimeric monoclonal CD4 antibody for heart and heart-lung transplantation. Transplantation. In press.
   Google Scholar
• KUPIEC-WEGLINSKI JW, DIAMANTSTEIN T, TILNEY NL: IL-2 receptor targeted therapy-rationale and applica-tions in organ transplantation. Transplantation (1988) 46:785–792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KIRKMAN EL, SHAPIRO ME, CARPENTER CB, MCKAY DB, MILFORD EL, RAMOS EL, TILNEY NL, WALDMANN TA, ZIMMERMAN CE, STROM TB: A randomised prospective trial of anti-The monoclonal antibody in human renal transplantation. Transplantation (1991) 51:107–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRIEND PJ, WALDMANN H, COBBALD S, TIGHE H, RE-BELLO B, WIGHT D, GORE S, POLLARD S, LIM S, JOHNSTON P, WILLIAMS R, O'GRADY J, CALNE RY: The anti-IL-2 receptor monoclonal YTH-906 in liver trans-plantation. Transplant. Proc. (1991) 23:1390–1392.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MOOLENAR W, BRUIJN JA, SCHRAM A: T-cell receptors and ICAM-1 expression in renal allografts during rejec-tion. Transplant. Int. (1991) 4:82–88.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ROSE M, PAGE C, HENGSTENBERG C, YACOUB M: Immu-nocytochemical markers of activation in cardiac trans-plant rejection. Eur. Heart J. (1991) 12(D):147–150.
   Google Scholar
• HEEMAN VW, TULLIS SG, AZUMA H: Adhesion molecules and transplantation. Ann. Surg. (1994) 219(1):4–12. Good overall review of a complicated area.
   Google Scholar
• HAUG CE, COLVIN RB, DELMONICO FL, AUCHINCLOSS H, TOLKOFF-RUBIN N, PREFFER Fl, ROTHLEIN R, NORRIS S, SCHARSCHMIDT L, COSIMI AB: Phase I trial of immtmo-suppression with anti-ICAM-1 (CD54) Mab in renal allograft recipients. Transplantation (1993) 55:766-773. First published trial using anti-1CAM-1 as an imrnunosuppressant.
   Google Scholar
• BOISE LH, MINN AJ, NOEL PJ, JUNE CH, ACCAVITTI MA, LINDSTEIN T, THOMPSON CB: CD28 co-stimulation can promote survival by enhancing the expression of Bcl-xl. Immunity (1995) 3:87–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LINSLEY PS, GREENE JL, TAN P, BRADSHAW J, LEDBE FIER JA, ANASETTI C, DAMLE NK: Co-expression and func-tional co-operation of CTLA4 and CD28 on activated lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. (1992) 176:1595–1604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WALUNUS U, LENSCHOW DJ, BAKKER CY, LINSLEY PS, FREEMAN GJ, GREEN JM, THOMPSON CB, BLUESTONE JA: CTLA4 can function as a negative regulator of T-cell activation. immunity (1994) 1:405–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUMGARDNER GL, ROBERTS J-P: New immunosuppres-sive agents. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America (1993) 22:421-449. An excellent review of new immunosuppressive drugs; it is particu-larly recommended for its coverage of animal work in this area.
   Google Scholar
• OPELZ G, TERASAICI PI: Improvement of kidney-graft survival with increased numbers of blood transfusions. New Engl. J. Med. (1978) 299:799–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZAVAZAVA N, HAUSMANN R, MULLER RW: Inhibition of anti-HLA-B7 alloreactive cn by affinity-purified sol-uble HLA. Transplantation (1991) 51:838–842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAUSMANN R, ZAVAZAVA N, STEINMANN J, ML'LLER RW: Interaction of papain-digested H1A class I molecules with human alloreactive cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL). Clin. Exp. Immunol. (1993) 91:183–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLAYBERGER C, KRENSKY AM: Itrununosuppres sive pep-tides corresponding to 1VERC class I sequences. Curr. Opin. Immunol. (1995) 7:644–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLAYBERGER C, PARHAM P, ROTHBARD J, LUDWIG DS, SCHOOLNLK GK, KRENSKY AM: IILA-A2 peptides can regulate cytolysis by human allogenic T-lymphocytes. Nature (1987) 330:763–765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLAYBERGER C, LYU SC, DEKRUFF R, PARHAM P, KREN-SKY AM: Peptides corresponding to the CD8 and CD4 binding domains of HIA molecules block T-Iymphocyte Immune responses in vitro. J. Immunol. (1994) 153:946-951. no. curum MC, JOSIEN R, DOUILLARD P, PANNTETIER C, CANTAROVICH D, SMIT H, MENORET S, POULETTY P, CLAYBERGER C, SOULILLOU JP: Prolongation of allo-geneic heart graft survival in rats by administration of a peptide (a. a. 75–84) from the ct-l-helix of the first domain of H1A-B2701. Transplantation (1995) 59:661–669.
   Google Scholar