Advanced search
Publication Cover
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs Volume 5, 1996 - Issue 8
Submit an article Journal homepage
8
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Monthly Updates: Monthly Update Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems: Beyond the tobacco debate: Dissecting out the therapeutic potential of nicotine

Michael Williams Pharmaceutical Products Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, 60064–3500, USA
&
Stephen P Arneric Pharmaceutical Products Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, 60064–3500, USA
Pages 1035-1045 | Published online: 03 Mar 2008

References to Primarv Literature

  • ASIMOV I: Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery. Harper and Row, New York (1989):114. Jean Nicot, the French ambassador to Portugal from 1559–1561 discovered tobacco seeds following their importation to Spain from the Americas in 1556 and had them shipped to Paris. The British were introduced to tobacco by the naval explorer, John Hawkins, in 1565. If the timetables had been reversed, nicotine might now be known as hawkinsine!
  • KLUGER R: Ashes to Ashes. Knopf, New York (1996). An outstanding overview of the history of tobacco consumption in the US comparable in its own way to Robert Caro's ground breaking study of urban government and the impact of Robert Moses on New York City and its environs, The Power )3roker (Knopf, New York, 1975). This is the definitive source for the background to tobacco consumption in the past century.
  • BUCKLEY C: Thank You For Smoking. Knopf, New York (1995). A satirical look at the life of a public relations executive for a fictional tobacco industry lobby group. A highly amusing and well written book.
  • GRISHAM J: The Runaway July. Doubleday, New York •(1996). The internationally best-selling novelist from Mississippi uses the novel format to present the evils of tobacco consumption against the background of "big time litigation" (p.17). Grisham has one of his medical experts testify that nicotine "...is a poison contained in tobacco smoke" and make "...a single cigarette sound like a dose of lethal poison" (p.85). As a forum to present information to the public, this is an interesting approach. As literature, the data on smoking in this book have far more substance than any of the tepid characters.
  • COHEN J: Tobacco money lights up a debate. Science (1996) 272:488-494. An account of tobacco industry funding for biomedical research and the controversial funding of Sydney Brenner's Molecular Sciences Institute (MSD in La Jolla, which was originally incorporated as the Philip Morris Institute for Molecular Sciences. With a $15 MM a year commitment for 15 years from Philip Morris, MSI has been a cause of considerable controversy at UCSD as US universities distance themselves from "tobacco money". Brenner sees "...tobacco money as an appropriate source of funding as long as ..JI am] ...free to follow ...kw] ...hunches and do pure science".
  • STOLERMAN IP, JARVIS MJ: The scientific case that nico-tine is addictive. Psycho:pharmacology (1995) 117:2-10. An overview from the laboratory of one of Europe's leading experts in tobacco addiction.
  • ROSE JE: Nicotine addiction and treatment. Ann. Rev. cobMed. (1996) 47:493-507. A solid overview by one of the area's foremost experts in the preclinical study of nicotine addiction.
  • BENOWITZ NL: Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction and therapeutics. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol (1996)36:597-613. Another outstanding overview by one of the world's leading authori-ties on the health impact of smoking and nicotine consumption. Dr Benowitz is also a close advisor of Dr David Kessler, the head of the FDA, an advocate of treating cigarettes and related tobacco products as drug delivery devices and hence subject to legislation by the FDA.
  • ECONOMIST: Stop smoking! Economist (May 11, 1996):21–23. A typically insightful and balanced Economist overview on the heightened controversy regarding smoking. The author(s) note, as other writers have, that the ill health suffered by smokers rather than being a burden on the health care system is offset by the indirect tax burden these individuals pay and their tendency towards a shorter life span.
  • HWANG SL, NOAH T: Philip Mon-Is proposes curbs onsales to kids. Wall StreetJournal (Midwest Edition) (May 16, 1996):B1/B5.In response to FDA initiatives to have cigarette and tobacco products classified as drug delivery devices, Philip Morris has proposed a voluntary curb on tobacco access and advertising to adolescents.
  • LE NOVER E, CHANGEUX JP: Molecular evolution of thenicotinic cholinergic receptor: an example of a multi-gene family. J. Mol. Evol. (1995) 40:155-172. An overview of the molecular biology and pharmacology of nicotinic receptors.
  • GLENNON R: Do classical hallucinogens act as 5-1Trtagonists or antagonists? Neuropsychopharmacology (1990) 3:509–517.
  • GLENNON R, DUKAT M: Serotonin receptor subtypes. In:Psychopharmacology Fourth Generation of Progress. Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ (Eds.), Raven Press, New York (1995):415–429.
  • REISINE T, PASTERNAK G: Opioid analgesics and antago-nists. In: Goodman & Gilman 's - The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Hardman JG, Linabird LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW, Gilman A (Eds.), McGraw-Hill, New York (1996):521–555.
  • DEVANE WA: New dawn of cannabinoid pharmacology.Trends Pharmacol. Sci. (1994) 15:40–41.
  • ARNERIC SP, SULLIVAN JP, WILLIAMS M: Neuronal nico-link acetylcholine receptors: novel targets for CNS therapeutics. In: Psychopharmacology: Fourth Generation of Progress. Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ (Eds.), Raven Press, New York (1995):95–110. A recent overview of the therapeutic potential of ligands affecting neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
  • ARNERIC SP, ANDERSON DJ, BANNON AW et al.: Preclini-cal pharmacology of AST-418: a prototypical choliner-gic channel activator for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. C2NTS Drug Rev. (1995) 1:1-26. An in-depth overview of one of the first cholinergic channel modu-lator molecules.
  • ARNERIC SP, BANNON AW, BRIGGS CA et al.: ABT-089: anorally active cholinergic channel modulator (ChCM) with cognition enhancing and neuroprotective activity. In: Alzheimer Disease: From Molecular Biology to Therapy. Becker R, Giacobini E, Robert P (Eds.), Birkhauser, Boston (1996). In press.
  • LEVIN ED: Nicotinic involvement in cognitive function:possible therapeutic applications. Med. Chem. Res. (1993) 2:612–627.
  • WONNACOTT S, IRONS J, RAPIER C, THORNE B, LUNT GG:Presynaptic modulation of transmitter release by nico-tinic receptors. In: Progress in Brain Research. Elsevier (1989):157–163.
  • NEWHOUSE PA, SUNDERLAND T, TARIOT P et al.: Intra-venous nicotine in Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study. Psychopharmacology (1988) 95:171–175.
  • SAHAKIAN B, JONES G, LEVY R, GRAY J, WARBURTON D: The effects of nicotine on attention, information proc-essing, and short term memory in patients with demen-tia of the Alzheimer type. Br.J. Psychiatry (1989) 154:1989.
  • NEWHOUSE PA, POTTER A, COR WIN T: Acute administra-tion of the cholinergic channel activator A/3T-418 im-proves learning in Alzheimer's disease. Soc. Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. Washington DC (March 1996)A39.
  • TURCHI J, HOLLEY LA, SARTER M: Effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands on behavioral vigilance In rats. Psychopharmacology (1995) 118:195–205.
  • MUIR JL, EVERITT BJ, ROBBINS TW: Reversal of visual attentional dysfunction following lesions of the cholin-ergic basal forebrain by physostigmine and nicotine but not by the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondan.setron. Psychopharmacology (1995) 118:82–92.
  • ERNST M, ZEMETKIN A: The interface of genetics, neuro-imaging, and neurochemistry in Attention-Deficit Hy-peractivity Disorder. In: Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress. Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ (Eds.), Raven Press, New York (1995):1643–1651.
  • LEVIN ED, CONNERS CK, SPARROW E et al.: Nicotine effects in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity dis-order. Psychopharmacology (1996) 123:55–63.
  • LINVILLE DG, WILLIAMS S, RASZKIEWICZ JL, ARNERIC SP: Nicotinic agonists modulate basal forebrain control of cortical cerebral blood flow. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1993) 267:440–448.
  • LINVLLLE D, ARNERIC SP: Cortical cerebral blood flow governed by basal forebrain neurons: age-related im-pairments in rats. Neurobiol. Aging (1991) 12:503–510.
  • GITELMAN DR, PROHOVNIK I: Muscarinic and nicotinic contributions to cognitive function and cortical blood flow. Neurobiol. Aging (1992) 13:313–318.
  • HEISS W-D, SZELLES B, ADAMS J et al.: PET scanning for the detection of Alzheimer's disease. In: Early Markers in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases, New Vistas in Drug Research (Volume 1). Sostert P, Riederer M, Strolin-Benedetti M, Roncucci R (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Vienna, Austria (1990)181–196.
  • SMITH CJ, GIACOBINI E. Nicotine, Parkinson's andAlzheimer's Disease. Rev. Neurosci. (1992) 3:5–43.
  • SHIMOHAMA S, TANIGUCHI T, FUJIWARA M, KAMEYAMAM: Changes in nicotinic and muscarink receptors in Alzheimer's- type dementia. J. Neurochem. (1986) 46:288–293.
  • ARNERIC SP, HOLLADAY MW, SULLIVAN JP: Cholinergicchannel modulators as a novel therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's Disease. Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs (1996) 5(1):79–100.
  • AKAIKE A, TAMURA Y, YOKAOTA T, SHIMOHAMA S, KIMURA J: Nicotine-induced protection of cultured cor-tical neurons against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated glutamate cytotoxicity. Brain Res. (1994) 644:181–187.
  • MARTIN EJ, PANICKAR KS, KING MA et al.: Cytoprotectiveactions of 2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene anabaseine in differentiated PC12 cells and septal cholinergic neurons. Drug Dev. Res. (1994) 31:135–141.
  • VAN DUIJN CM, HOFMAN A: Relation between nicotineIntake and Alzheimer's disease. Br. J. Med. (1991) 302:1491–1494.
  • MARAGOS WF, GREENAMYRE JT, PENNEY JB, YOUNG AB:Glutamate dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: an hy-pothesis. Trends Neurosci. (1989) 10:65–68.
  • SEGUELA P, WADICHE J, DINELEY-MILLER K, DANI JA,PATRICK JW: Molecular cloning, functional properties, and distribution of rat brain a7: a nicotinic cation channel highly permeable to calcium. J. Neurosci. (1993) 13:596–604.
  • RATHOUZ BDKMM: Synaptic-type acetylcholine recep-tors raise intracellular calcium levels in neurons by two mechanisms. J. Neurosci. (1994) 14:6935–6945.
  • FREEDMAN R, WETMORE C, STROMBERG I, LEONARD S, OLSON L: a-Btmgarotoxin binding to hippocarnpal neu-rons: inununocytochemical characterization and ef-fects on growth factor expression. J. Neurosci. (1993) 13:1965–1975.
  • TREININ M, CHALFIE M: A mutated acetylcholine recep-tor subunit causes neuronal degeneration in C elegans . Neuron (1995) 14:871–877.
  • GERMAN DC, MANAYE K, SMITH WK, WOODWARD DJ,SAPER CB: Midbrain dopaminergic cell loss in Parkin-son's disease: computer visualization. Ann. Neurol. (1989) 26:507–514.
  • JANSON AM, FUXE K, AGNATI LF et al.: Protective effectsof chronic nicotine treatment on lesioned nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in the male rat Prog. Brain Res. (1989) 79:257–265.
  • JANSON AM, MOLLER A: Chronic nicotine treatment counteracts nigral cell loss induced by a partial meso-diencephalic hemitransection: an analysis of the total number and mean volume of neurons and glia Lu substantia nigra of the male rat. Neuroscience (1993) 57:931–941.
  • ISHIKAWA A, MIYATAKE T: Effects of smoking in patientswith early-onset Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol. Sci. (1993) 117:28–32.
  • LLOYD K: Profile of the nicotinic agoruist SIB-1663 and S1B-1765F for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease.Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology of Neuronal Nico-tinic Receptors. Cancun, Mexico (May 1, 1996). SIB-1508Y is the active isomer of SIB-1765F. This compound is significantly different from compounds like ABT-418 and is the most promising new ChCM currently targeted for Parkinson's Disease.
  • TAYLOR P: Agents acting at the neuromuscular junction and autonomic ganglia. In: Goodman and Gilman's - The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (10th Edition). Gil-man AG, Rail 11.V, Nies AW, Taylor P (Eds.), Pergamon Press, New York (1990):166–186.
  • STEINLEIN OK et al.: A missense mutation in the neuro nal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor a 4 subunit is asso-ciated with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Nature Genetics (1995) 11:201-203. One the first reports of a mutation of central nAChR leading to CNS disorder.
  • BECK C et al.: A nonsense mutation in the a-4 subunitof the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRNA4) cosegregates with 20q-linked benign neonatal familial convulsions (EBN1). Neurobiol. Dis. (1995) 1:95–99.
  • GILBERT DG, ROBINSON JH, CHAMBERLIN CL, SPIELBER-GER CD: Effects of smoking nicotine on anxiety, heart rate and lateralization of EEG during a stressful movie. Psychophysiology (1989) 26:311–319.
  • BRIONI JD, O'NEILL AB, KIM DJB, DECKER MW: Nicotinicreceptor agonists exhibit anxiolytic-like effects on the elevated plus-maze test. Eur.J. Pharmacol. (1993) 238:1–8.
  • DECKER MW, BRIONI JD, BANNON AW, ARNERIC SP: Diversity of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: lessons from behavior and implications for CNS thera-peutics. Life Sci. (1995) 56:545–570.
  • HUGHES JR, HATSUKAMI DK, MITCHELL JE, DAHLGRENLA: Prevalence of smoking among psychiatric out-pa-tients. Am. J. Psychiatry (1996) 143:993–997.
  • WALDO W, CAREY G, MEYLES-WORSLEY M et al.: Co-dis-tribution of a sensory gating deficit and schizophrenia in multi-affected families. Psychiatry Res. (1991) 39:257–268.
  • ADLER LE, HOFFER LJ, GRIFFITH J, WALDO MC, FREED-MAN R: Normalization by nicotine of deficient auditory sensory gating in relatives of schizophrenics. Biol. Psy-chiatry (1992) 32:607–616.
  • FREEDMAN R, WALDO M, BICKFORD-WIMER P, NA-GAMOTO H: Elementary neuronal dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Res. (1991) 4:233–243.
  • FREEDMAN R, HALL M, ADLER LE, LEONARD S: Evidencein post-mortem brain tissue for decreased numbers of hippocampal nicotinic receptors in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry (1996). In press.
  • ERENBERG E, CRUSE RP, ROTHNER AD: The natural history of Tourette syndrome: a follow-up study. Ann. Neurol. (1987) 22:383–385.
  • EMERICH DF, ZANOL MD, NORMAN AB, MCCONVILLE BJ,SANBERG PR: Nicotine potentiates haloperidol-induced catalepsy and locomotor hypoactivity. Pharmacol. Bio-chem. Behav. (1991) 38:875–880.
  • SANBERG PR, MCCONVILLE BJ, FOGELSON HM et al.: Nicotine potentiates the effects of haloperidol in ani-mals and in patients with Tourette's syndrome. Biomed. Pharmacother. (1989) 43:19–23.
  • MCCONVILLE BJ, FOGELSON MH, KLYKYLO WM et al.:Nicotine potentiation of haloperidol in reducing tic frequency in Tourette's disorder. Am.J. Psychiatry (1991) 148:793–794.
  • SILVER AA, SANBERG PR: Transdermal nicotine patchand potentiation of haloperidol in Tourette's syn-drome. Lancet (1993) 342:182.
  • COX BM, GOLDSTEIN A, NELSON WT: Nicotine self-ad-ministration in rats. Br.]. Pharmacol. (1984) 83:49–55.
  • HENNINGFIELD JE, GOLDBERG SR: Nicotine as a reinfor-cer in human subjects and laboratory animals. Pharma-col. Biochem. Bebav. (1993) 19:989–992.
  • EVENDON JL, TURPIN M, OLIVER L, JENNINGS C: Caffeineand nicotine improve visual tracking by rats: a compari-son with amphetamine, cocaine and apomorphine. Psychopharmacology (1993) 110:169–176.
  • CLARICE PBS: Nicotine dependence - mechanisms andtherapeutic strategies. Biochem. Soc. Symp. (1994) 59:83–95.
  • GLICK SD, JARVIK ME, NAKAMURA RK: Inhibition of smoking behavior in monkeys. Nature (1990) 227:573–575.
  • ROSE JE, LEVIN ED: Concurrent agonist-antagonist ad-ministration for the analysis and treatment of drug dependence. Pbarmacol. Biocbern. Behav. (1991) 41:219–226.
  • ROSE JE, BEHM FM, WESTMAN EC et al.: Mecamylaminecombined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone. Clin. Pharm. Ther. (1994) 36:86–99.
  • SCHNIEDER H: The clinical experience with lobeline asa smoking cessation agent. In: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology of Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors. Cancun, Mex-ico (May 1, 1996).
  • TRIPATHI HL, MARTIN BR, ACETO MD: Nicotine-inducedantinociception in rats and mice: correlation with nico-tine brain levels. J. Pbarmacol. Exp. Doer. (1982) 221:91–96.
  • POMERLEAU OF: Nicotine as a psychoactive drug: anxi-ety and pain reduction. Psychopharmacol. Bull. (1986) 22:865–869.
  • DAMAJ MI, WELCH SP, MARTIN BR: Involvement of cal-cium and L-type channels in nicotine-induced analge-sia. J. Pbarmacol. Exp. Ther. (1993) 266:1330–1338.
  • BADIO B, DALY JW: Epibatidine, a potent analgesic and nicotinic agonist Mol. Pharmacol. (1994) 45:563–569.
  • Q1AN C, LI T, SHEN TY et al.: Epibatidine is a nicotinic analgesic. Bur. j. Pbarmacol. (1993) 250:R13–R14.
  • SULLIVAN JP, DECKER MW, BRIONI JD et al.: (±)-Epibatid-hie elicits a diversity of in vitro and in vivo effects mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J. Pbar-macol. Exp. Vier. (1994) 271:1-8. An important paper outlining some of the safety issues related to the development of compounds similar to epibatidine, one of the most potent nAChR ligands reported to date.
  • BANNON AW, GLTNTHER KL, DECKER MW, ARNERIC SP:The influence of BAY K8644 treatment on (±)-epibatid-ine-induced analgesia. Brain Res. (1995)678:244–250.
  • KHAN IM, TAYLOR P, YAKSH TL: Cardiovascular and behavioral responses to nicotinic agents administered intrathecally. J. Pbarmacol. Exp. Ther. (1994) 270:150–158.
  • ROBERTS RO, TSUKAMOTO T, KUMAMOTO Y et al.: Asso-ciation between cigarette smoking and prostatism in a Japanese community. Prostate (1996). In press.
  • CALICINS BM: A meta-analysis of the role of smoking ininflammatory bowel disease. Dig. Dis. Sci.(1989) 34:1841–1854.
  • PULLAN RD, RHODES J, GANESH SA et al.: Transdermalnicotine for active ulcerative colitis. New Engl. J. Med. (1994) 330:811–815.
  • THOMAS GAO, RHODES J, MANI V et al.: Transderrnal nicotine as maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. New Engl. J. Med. (1995) 332:988–992.
  • GOTHE B, STROHL ICP, LEVIN S, CHERNIAK NS. Nicotine: a different approach to treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Chest (1985) 87:11–17.
  • JARVIK ME: Beneficial effects of nicotine. Br. J. Addict.(1991) 86:571–575.

References to Primarv Literature

  • MAJETI S (PROCTOR & GAMBLE): Treatment of nicotine craving and/or smoking withdrawal symptoms with a solid or semi-solid composition containing nicotine and caffeine or xanthine, especially for nasal a4mini-stration. W09600069.
  • MAJETI S (PROCTOR & GAMBLE): Treatment of nicotine craving and/or smoking withdrawal symptoms with an oral composition containing nicotine and caffeine or xanthine. W09600070.
  • MAJETI S (PROCTOR & GAMBLE): Treatment of nicotine craving and/or smoking withdrawal symptoms with a liquid nasal composition containing nicotine and caf-feine or xanthine. W09600071.
  • MAJETI S (PROCTOR & GAMBLE): Treatment of nicotine craving and/or smoking withdrawal symptoms with a transdermal or transmucosal composition containing nicotine and caffeine or xanthine. W09600072. A series of four paper patents from Proctor & Gamble claiming, respectively, solid nasal, oral, liquid nasal and transdennal formula-tions of nicotine with caffeine as a superior, more efficacious means to use nicotine in the treatment of smoking cessation. No data are presented to support any of the claims made.
  • KING MG Compositions and methods for the control of smoking. W09609042. A patent claiming the use of a number of natural products to control 'nicotine use disorder' comprising a cytochrome P450 inducing agent, hickory smoke essence and a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, Eupatorium puppurem extract. This patent claims that, in 34 patients treated for 2 weeks, 93% cease smoking.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.