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- •This reviews thymosin in the context of other thymic pep-tides and has a good discussion of the potential mechanism of action.
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- •Central paper demonstrating that Ta 1 has the potential to act on pest thymic cells and that the mechanism of action may be through up-regualtion of the IL-2 receptor.
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- GERIN JL, KORBA BE, COTE PJ, TENNANT BC: A prelimi-nary report of a controlled study of thymosin alpha 1 in the woodchuck model of hepadnavirus infection. In: Innovations in Antiviral Development and the Detection of Virus Infection. Black T et al. (Eds.), Plenum Press, New York (1992):121–123.
- ••Only relevant preclinical study demonstrating that Tal hasthe potential to be active in viral hepatitis. It also provides clues as to the potential mechanism of action and for opti-mal therapeutic utilisation.
- MUTCHNICK MG, APPELMAN, HD, HUNG HT et al.: Thy-mosin treatment of chronic hepatitis B: A placebo-controlled pilot trial. Hepatology (1991) 14:409–415.
- MUTCHNICK MG, JAUREQUI JI, SHAFRITZ DA: Sustained response to thymosin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. In: Combination Therapies. Goldstein AL, Garaci E (Eds.), Plenum Press, New York (1992):217–223.
- •First clinical study to demonstrate the potential of Tal in hepatitis C and provides useful information regarding the mechanism of action.
- REZAKOVIC I, MONDAZZI L, ASTI L, IDEO G: Thymosinalpha 1 versus alpha- interferon treatment of HBsAg, HBeAb, HBV DNA positive chronic active hepatitis. He-patology (1992) 16:67A.
- ANDREONE P, CURSARO C, GRAMENZI A et al.: Prelimi-nary results of thymosin al vs. IFN-a treatment in pa-tients with HBsAg negative and HBVDNA positive chronic active hepatitis. Int. J. Immunotherapy (1993) 124:201–205.
- ANDREONE P, CURSARO C, GRAMENZI A et al.: A ran- domized controlled trial of thymosin-alphal versus interferon alpha treatment in patients with hepatitis B antigen antibody and hepatitis B virus DNA positive chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology (1996) 24(4)774–777.
- •Addresses the Italian experience with Tal in hepatits B patients.
- MUTCHNICK MG, LINDSAY KL, SCHIFF ER, CUMMINGS GD, APPELMAN HD: Thymosin al treatment of chronic hepatitis B: a multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled double bind study. Gastroenterology (1995) 108:1127A.
- CHIEN RN, HAW YF, CHEN TC, YEH CT, SHEEN IS: Effi- cacy of thymosin alphal in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a randomized, controlled trial. Hepatology (1998) 27(5):1383–1387.
- •Addresses the Asian experience with Tal in hepatitis B patients.
- RASI G, MUTCHNICK MG, DIVIRGILIO D et al.: Combina- tion low dose lymphoblastoid interferon (L-IFNa) and thymosin alpha 1 (Tal) therapy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology (1994) 20:811A.
- ••Only paper demonstrating that Tal has the potential to en-hance the response to interferon in patients with hepatitis B.
- ANDREONE P, CURSARO C, GRAMENZI A et al: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial of thymosin al-pha 1 for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Liver (1996) 16(3):207–210.
- SHERMAN KE, SJOGREN M, CREAGER RL et al: Combina-tion therapy with thymosin alphal and interferon for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection: a ran-domized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Hepa-tology (1998) 27(4):1128–1135.
- ••Only paper to evaluate Tal in combination with IFN-a inhepatitis C patients. Paul H Naylor Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 482001, USA Tel.: +1 313 576 4467; Fax: +1 313 576 1112; Email: [email protected]