14
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

The role of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase in the treatment of solid tumours

, &
Pages 777-785 | Published online: 23 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • VILE RG, HART IR: In vitro and in vivo targeting of geneexpression to melanoma cells. Cancer Res. (1993) 53:962–967.
  • RIEGMAN PH, VLIETSTRA RJ, VAN DER KORPUT JA,BRINKMANN AO, TRAPMAN J: The promoter of the prostate-specific antigen gene contains a functional androgen responsive element. Mol. Endocrinol. (1991) 5:1921–1930.
  • PANG S, TANEJA S, DARDASHTI K et al.: Prostate tissue specificity of the prostate-specific antigen promoter isolated from a patient with prostate cancer. Hum. Gene Ther. (1995) 6:1417–1426.
  • MOOLTEN FL: Tumor chemosensitivity conferred by inserted herpes thymidine kinase genes: paradigm for a prospective cancer control strategy. Cancer Res. (1986) 46:5276–5281.
  • ••This paper originally describes the suicide gene concept.
  • FURMAN PA, MCGUIRT PV, KELLER PM, FYFE JA, ELIONGB: Inhibition by acyclovir of cell growth and DNA synthesis of cells biochemically transformed with herpesvirus genetic information. Virology (1980) 102:420–430.
  • CULVER KW, RAM Z, WALLBRIDGE S et al.: In vivo genetransfer with retroviral vector-producer cells for treatment of experimental brain tumors [see comments]. Science (1992) 256:1550–1552.
  • SMYTHE WR, HWANG HC, ELSHAMI AA et al.: Treatment of experimental human mesothelioma using adenovirus transfer of the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene. Ann. Surg. (1995) 222:78–86.
  • MARINI FC, PAN BF, NELSON JA, LAPEYRE JN: The drug verapamil inhibits bystander killing but not cell suicide in thymidine kinase-ganciclovir prodrug-activated gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther. (1996) 3 :405–412.
  • VILE RG, NELSON JA, CASTLEDEN S, CHONG H, HART IR: Systemic gene therapy of murine melanoma using tissue specific expression of the HSVtk gene involves an immune component. Cancer Res. (1 9 9 4) 54:6228-6234.
  • ••Paper showing the necessity of immune competence for thebystander effect.
  • FREEMAN SM, ABBOUD CN, WHARTENBY KA et al.: The 'bystander effect': tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified. Cancer Res. (1993) 53:5274–5283.
  • •Initial attempt at analysis of the bystander effect with respect to cytokine production.
  • RAM Z, WALBRIDGE S, SHAWKER T et al.: The effect of thymidine kinase transduction and ganciclovir therapy on tumor vasculature and growth of 9L gliomas in rats. J. Neurosurg. (1994) 81:256–260.
  • KIANMANESH AR, PERRIN H, PANIS Y et al.: A 'distant' bystander effect of suicide gene therapy: regression of nontransduced tumors together with a distant transduced tumor [see comments]. Hum. Gene Ther. (1997) 8:1807–1814.
  • •An interesting paper looking at tumours in different sites and the transmission of the bystander effect.
  • GAGANDEEP S, BREW R, GREEN B et al.: Prodrug- activated gene therapy: involvement of an immuno-logical component in the 'bystander effect'. Cancer Gene Ther. (1996) 3:83–88.
  • LODISH H, BALTIMORE D, BERK A, ZIPURSKY SL, MATSUDAIRA P, DARNELL JE: Molecular Cell Biology, 3rd Edition. Lodish H, Baltimore D, Berk A, Zipursky SL, Matsudaira P, Darnell JE (Eds.), Scientific American Books (1995):1157–1159.
  • BI WL, PARYSEK LM, WARNICK R, STAMBROOK PJ: In vitro evidence that metabolic cooperation is respon-sible for the bystander effect observed with HSV tk retroviral gene therapy. Hum. Gene Ther. (1993) 4:725–731.
  • DENNING C, PITTS JD: Bystander effects of different enzyme-prodrug systems for cancer gene therapy depend on different pathways for intercellular transfer of toxic metabolites, a factor that will govern clinical choice of appropriate regimes [see comments]. Hum. Gene Ther. (1997) 8:1825–1835.
  • ••Good evidence of the function of gap junctions.
  • NAUS CC, ELISEVICH K, ZHU D, BELLIVEAU DJ, DEL MR: In vivo growth of C6 glioma cells transfected with connexin43 cDNA. Cancer Res. (1992) 52:4208–4213.
  • ELSHAMI AA, SAAVEDRA A, ZHANG H et al.: Gap junctions play a role in the 'bystander effect' of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir system in vitro. Gene Ther. (1996) 3:85–92.
  • BLADES RA, KEATING PJ, MCWILLIAM LJ, GEORGE NJ, STERN PL: Loss of HLA class I expression in prostate cancer: implications for immunotherapy. Urology (1995) 46:681–686.
  • RESTIFO NP, KAWAKAMI Y, MARICOLA F eta].: Molecular mechanisms of escape of tumor recognition: immuno-genetherapy and the cell biology of MHC class I. J. Immunother. 142:182–190.
  • HUANG RP, FAN Y, HOSSAIN MZ et al.: Reversion of the neoplastic phenotype of human glioblastoma cells by connexin 43 (cx43). Cancer Res. (1998) 58:5089–5096.
  • YANG L, CHIANG Y, LENZ HJ et al.: Intercellular communication mediates the bystander effect during herpes simplex thymidine kinase/ganciclovir-based gene therapy of human gastrointestinal tumor cells. Hum. Gene Ther. (1998) 9:719–728.
  • ROSOLEN A, FRASCELLA E, DI FC et al.: In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of retrovirus-mediated herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene-transfer in human medulloblastoma. Gene Ther. (1998) 5:113–120.
  • MCMASTERS RA, SAYLORS RL, JONES KE et al.: Lack of bystander killing in herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase- transduced colon cell lines due to deficient connexin43 gap junction formation. Hum. Gene Ther. (1998) 9:2253–2261.
  • IMAIZUMI K, HASEGAWA Y, KAWABE T et al.: Bystander tumoricidal effect and gap junctional communication in lung cancer cell lines. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. (1998) 18:205–212.
  • PARK JY, ELSHAMI AA, AMIN K et al.: Retinoids augment the bystander effect in vitro and in vivo in herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir-mediated gene therapy. Gene Ther. (1997) 4:909–917.
  • TOURAINE RL, VAHANIAN N, RAMSEY WJ, BLAESE RM: Enhancement of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir bystander effect and its antitumor efficacy in vivoby pharmacologic manipulation of gap junctions. Hum. Gene Ther. (1998) 9:2385–2391.
  • MEHTA PP, LOKESHWAR BL, SCHILLER PC et al.: Gap-junctional communication in normal and neoplastic prostate epithelial cells and its regulation by cAMP. Mol. Carcinog. (1996) 15:18–32.
  • DUFLOT-DANCER A, PICCOLI C, ROLLAND A, YAMASAKI H, MESNIL M: Long-term connexin-mediated bystander effect in highly tumorigenic human cells in vivo in herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir gene therapy. Gene Ther. (1998) 5:1372–1378.
  • PAVLOVIC J, NAWRATH M, TU R, HEINICKE T, MOELLING K: Anti-tumor immunity is involved in the thymidine kinase-mediated killing of tumors induced by activated Ki-ras(G12V). Gene Ther. (1996) 3:635–643.
  • CARUSO M, PANTS Y, GAGANDEEP S et al.: Regression of established macroscopic liver metastases after in situ transduction of a suicide gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1993) 90:7024–7028.
  • FREEMAN SM, RAMESH R, SHASTRI M et al: The role of cytokines in mediating the bystander effect using HSV-TK xenogeneic cells. Cancer Lett. (1995) 92:167–174.
  • RAMESH R, MARROGI AJ, MUNSHI A, ABBOUD CN, FREEMAN SM: In vivo analysis of the 'bystander effect': a cytokine cascade. Exp. Hematol. (1996) 24:829–838.
  • FREEMAN SM, RAMESH R, MARROGI AJ: Immune system in suicide-gene therapy. Lancet (1997) 349:2–3.
  • ••Excellent brief overview of suicide gene therapy and theimmune system.
  • VILE RG, CASTLEDEN S, MARSHALL J et al.: Generation of an anti-tumour immune response in a non-immunogenic tumour: HSVtk killing in vivo stimulates a mononuclear cell infiltrate and a Thl-like profile of intratumoural cytokine expression. Int. J. Cancer (1997) 71:267–274.
  • MULLEN CA, ANDERSON L, WOODS K, NISHINO M, PETROPOULOS D: Ganciclovir chemoablation of herpes thymidine kinase suicide gene- modified tumors produces tumor necrosis and induces systemic immune responses. Hum. Gene Ther. (1998) 9:2019–2030.
  • LUCEY DR, CLERICI M, SHEARER GM: Type 1 and Type 2cytokine dysregulation in human infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory diseases. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. (1996) 9:532–562.
  • PELLEGRINI P, BERGHELLA AM, DEL BT et al.: Disregula-tion in Till and TH2 subsets of CD4+ T cells in periph-eral blood of colorectal cancer patients and involvement in cancer establishment and progres-sion. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (1996) 42:1–8.
  • SATO M, GOTO S, KANEKO R et al.: Impaired production of Thl cytokines and increased frequency of Th2 subsets in PBMC from advanced cancer patients. Anti-Cancer Res. (1998) 18:3951–3955.
  • LOWES MA, BISHOP GA, CROTTY K, BARNETSON RS, HALLIDAY GM: T helper 1 cytokine mRNA is increased in spontaneously regressing primary melanomas. J. Invest. Dermatol. (1997) 108:914–919.
  • WAGNER SN, SCHULTEWOLTER T, WAGNER C et al: Immune response against human primary malignant melanoma: a distinct cytokine mRNA profile associ-ated with spontaneous regression. Lab. Invest. (1998) 78:541–550.
  • WU TC, HUANG AY, JAFFEE EM, LEVITSKY HI, PARDOLL DM: A reassessment of the role of B7-1 expression in tumor rejection. J. Exp. Med. (1995) 182:1415–1421.
  • RAMESH R, MUNSHI A, ABBOUD CN, MARROGI AJ, FREEMAN SM: Expression of costimulatory molecules: B7 and ICAM up-regulation after treatment with a suicide gene. Cancer Gene Ther. (1996) 3:373–384.
  • LENSCHOW DJ, HEROLD KC, RHEE L et al.: CD28/B7 regulation of Thl and Th2 subsets in the development of autoimmune diabetes [published erratum appears in Immunity 1997 Feb;6(2):following 215]. Immunity (1996) 5:285–293.
  • BI W, KIM YG, FELICIANO ES et al.: An HSVtk-mediated local and distant antitumor bystander effect in tumors of head and neck origin in athymic mice. Cancer Gene Ther. (1997) 4:246–252.
  • YAMAMOTO S, SUZUKI S, HOSHINO A, AKIMOTO M, SHIMADA T: Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir-mediated killing of tumor cell induces tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells in mice. Cancer Gene Ther. (1997) 4:91–96.
  • HALL SJ, SANFORD MA, ATKINSON G, CHEN SH: Induction of potent antitumor natural killer cell activity by herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase and ganciclovir therapy in an orthotopic mouse model of prostate cancer. Cancer Res. (1998) 58:3221–3225.
  • COLOMBO BM, BENEDETTI S, OTTOLENGHI S et al: The 'bystander effect': association of U-87 cell death with ganciclovir- mediated apoptosis of nearby cells and lack of effect in athymic mice. Hum. Gene Ther. (1995) 6:763–772.
  • HAMEL W, MAGNELLI L, CHIARUGI VP, ISRAEL MA: Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir-mediated apoptotic death of bystander cells. Cancer Res. (1996) 56:2697–2702.
  • CRAPERI D, VICAT JM, NISSOU MF et al.: Increased baxexpression is associated with cell death induced by ganciclovir in a herpes thymidine kinase gene-expressing glioma cell line [In Process Citation]. Hum. Gene Ther. (1999) 10:679–688.
  • ROVERE P, VALLINOTO C, BONDANZA A et al.: Bystander apoptosis triggers dendritic cell maturation and antigen-presenting function. J. Immune]. (1998) 161:4467–4471.
  • MELCHER A, TODRYK S, HARDWICK N et al: Tumor immunogenicity is determined by the mechanism of cell death via induction of heat shock protein expres-sion. Nature Med. (1998) 4:581–587.
  • RAMESH R, MUNSHI A, MARROGI AJ, FREEMAN SM: Enhancement of tumor killing using a combination of tumor immunization and HSV-tk suicide gene therapy. Int. J. Cancer (1999) 80:380–386.
  • BENEDETTI S, DIMECO F, POLLO B etal.: Limited efficacy of the HSV-TK/GCV system for gene therapy of malignant gliomas and perspectives for the combined transduction of the interleukin-4 gene. Hum. Gene Ther. (1997) 8:1345–1353.
  • COLL JL, MESNIL M, LEFEBVRE MF, LANCON A, FAVROT MC: Long-term survival of immunocompetent rats with intraperitoneal colon carcinoma tumors using herpes simplex thymidine kinase/ganciclovir and IL-2 treatments. Gene Ther. (1997) 4:1160–1166.
  • CASTLEDEN SA, CHONG H, GARCIA-RIBAS I et al.: A family of bicistronic vectors to enhance both local and systemic antitumor effects of HSVtk or cytokine expression in a murine melanoma model. Hum. Gene Ther. (1997) 8:2087–2102.
  • EASTHAM JA, CHEN SH, SEHGAL I et al.: Prostate cancer gene therapy: herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene transduction followed by ganciclovir in mouse and human prostate cancer models. Hum. Gene Ther. (1996) 7:515–523.
  • HALL SJ, MUTCHNIK SE, CHEN SH, WOO SL, THOMPSON TC: Adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene and ganciclovir therapy leads to systemic activity against spontaneous and induced metastasis in an orthotopic mouse model of prostate cancer. Int. J. Cancer (1997) 70:183–187.
  • ROSENBERG SA, BLAESE RM, BRENNER MK et al.: Human gene marker/therapy clinical protocols. Hum. Gene Ther. (1997) 8:2301–2338.
  • VAN DER EB MM, CRAMER SJ, VERGOUWE Y et al.: Severe hepatic dysfunction after adenovirus-mediated transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene and ganciclovir administration. Gene Ther. (1998) 5:451–458.
  • BRAND K, LOSER P, ARNOLD W, BARTELS T, STRAUSS M: Tumor cell-specific transgene expression prevents liver toxicity of the adeno-HSVtk/GCV approach [In Process Citation]. Gene Ther. (1998) 5:1363–1371.
  • FREYTAG SO, ROGULSKI KR, PAIELLI DL, GILBERT JD, KIM JH: A novel three-pronged approach to kill cancer cells selectively: concomitant viral, double suicide gene, and radiotherapy [see comments]. Hum. Gene Ther. (1998) 9:1323–1333.
  • WILDNER 0, BLAESE RM, MORRIS JC: Therapy of colon cancer with oncolytic adenovirus is enhanced by the addition of herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase. Cancer Res. (1999) 59:410–413.
  • WILDNER 0, MORRIS JC, VAHANIAN N et al.: Adenoviral vectors capable of replication improve the efficacy of HSVtk/GCV suicide gene therapy of cancer. Gene Ther. (1999) 6:57–62.
  • MORTON DL, FOSHAG LJ, HOON DS et al.: Prolongation of survival in metastatic melanoma after active specific immunotherapy with a new polyvalent melanoma vaccine [published erratum appears in Ann Surg 1993 Mar;217(3):309]. Ann. Surg. (1992) 216:463-482. Matthew JA Perryt, Stephen M Todryk .3,E Angus G Dalgleish tAuthor for correspondence Urology Research Fellow, Departments of Urology and Oncology, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0QT, UK Tel.: +44 181 725 5815; Fax: +44 181 725 0158; Email: [email protected]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.