The endothelin receptor antagonist TAK-044 in the treatment of reperfusion injury in organ transplantation

Bibliography

• YANAGISAWA M, KURIHARA H, KIMURA S et al: A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature (1988) 332:411–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••The first description of endothelin. Endothelin was found ina search for endogenous factors with vasoactive properties.
   Google Scholar
• NASSAR GM, BADR KF: Endothelin in kidney disease. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypert. (1994) 3:86–91.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KOUREMBANAS S, MARSDEN PA, MCQUILLAN LP, FALLER DV: Hypoxia induces endothelin gene expression and secretion in cultured human endothelium. J. Clin. Invest. (1991) 88:1054–1057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOPEZ-FARRE A, RIESCO A, ESPINOSA G et al: Effect of endothelin-1 on neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells and perfused heart. Circulation (1993) 88:1166–1171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUBIN BB, SMITH A, LIAUW S, ISENMAN D, ROMASCHINAD, WALKER PM: Complement activation and white cell sequestration in postischemic skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. (1990) 259:H525–H531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHIBOUTAY, SUZUKI N, SHINO A, MATSUMOTO H,TERASHITA Z, KONDO K, NISHIKAWA K: Pathophysio-logical role of endothelin in acute renal failure. Life Sci. (1990) 46:1611–1618.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TOMITA K, UJIIE K, NAKANISHI T et al.: Plasma endothelin levels in patients with acute renal failure. New Engl. J. Med. (1989) 324:1127.
   Google Scholar
• ••An important paper on the role of endothelin in renal failure.
   Google Scholar
• KON V, YOSLINOKA T, FOGO A, ICHIKAWA I: Glomerular actions of endothelin in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. (1989) 83:1762–1767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHITTINANDANA, CHAN, SULEYMANLAR et al: Effects of endothelin antagonist (ETO on ischaemic acute renal failure. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (1991) 2:644.
   Google Scholar
• BATTISTINI B, DUSSAULT P: The many aspects of endothelins in ischemia-reperfusion injury: emergence of a key mediator. J. Invest. Surg. (1998) 11:297–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •An interesting review on the role of endothelins in the various aetiologies related to ischaemia-reperfusion injury, such as found in heart disease, cerebral ischaemia and organ transplantation.
   Google Scholar
• HAYNES WG, WEBB DJ: The endothelin family of peptides: local hormones with diverse roles in health and disease. Clin. Sci. (1993) 84:485–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• INOUE A, YANAGISAWA M, TAKUWA Y, MITSUI Y, KOBAYASHI M, MASAKI T: The human preproendothelin-1 gene. Complete nucleotide sequence and regulation of expression. J. Biol. Chem. (1989) 264:14954–14959.
   Google Scholar
• •Structural and pharmacological data on the human endothelin family.
   Google Scholar
• INOUE A, YANAGISAWA M, KIMURA S et al.: The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmaco-logically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1989) 86:2863–2867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOWARD PG, PLUMPTON C, DAVENPORT AP: Anatomical localisation and pharmacological activity of mature endothelins and their precursors in human vascular tissue. J. Hypertens. (1992) 10:1379–1386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FIRTH JD, RATCLIFFE PJ: Organ distribution of the threerat endothelin messenger RNAs and the effects of ischemia on renal gene expression. J. Clin. Invest. (1992) 90:1023–1031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHINMI 0, KIMURA S, SAWAMURA T, SUGITA Y: Endothelin-3 is a novel neuropeptide: isolation and sequence determination of endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 in porcine brain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1989) 164:587–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUBANYI GM, POLOKOFF MA: Endothelins: molecularbiology, biochemistry, physiology, and pathophysi-ology. Pharmacol. Rev. (1994) 46:325–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARAI H, HORI S, ARAMORI I, OHKUBO H, NAKANISHI S: Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding an endothelin receptor. Nature (1990) 348:730–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAKURAI T, YANAGISAWA M, TAKUWA Y et al: Cloning of a cDNA encoding a non-isopeptide selective subtype of the endothelin receptor. Nature (1990) 348:732–735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEVIN ER: Endothelins. New EngI J. Med. (1995) 333:356–363.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••A very useful review on current knowledge on endothelins.
   Google Scholar
• SIMONSON MS, DUNN MJ: The molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular and renal regulation by endothelin peptides. J. Lab. Gun. Med. (1992) 119:622–639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVENPORT AP, O'REILLY G, MOLENAAR P et al.: Human endothelin receptors characterised using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridisation, and subtype-selective ligands BQ123 and BQ3020: evidence for expression of ETB receptors in human vascular smooth muscle. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. (1993) 22:S22–S25.
   Google Scholar
• DE NUCCI G, THOMAS R, D'ORLÉANS-JUSTE P et al: Pressor effects of circulating endothelin are limited by its removal in the pulmonary circulation and by the release of prostacyclin and endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA (1988) 85:9797–9800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BAX WA, SAXENA PR: The current endothelin receptorclassification: time for reconsideration? Trends Pharmacol. Sci. (1994) 15:379–386.
   Google Scholar
• KARNE S, JAYAWICKREME CK, LERNER MR: Cloning and characterization of an endothelin-3 specific receptor (ETC receptor) from Xenopus laevis dermal melano-phores. J. Biol. Chem.(1993) 268:19126–19133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLOZEL M, BREU V, BURRI K et al: Pathophysiological role of endothelin revealed by the first orally active endothelin receptor antagonist. Nature (1993) 365:759–761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •A first description of orally active endothelin receptor antagonists and its use in pathophysiology.
   Google Scholar
• GELLAI M, JUGUS M, FLETCHER T, DE WOLF R, NAMBI P: Reversal of post-ischemic acute renal failure with a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist in the rat. J. Clin. Invest. (1994) 93:900–906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GELLAI M, JUGUS M, FLETCHER T et al.: The endothelin receptor antagonist (±)-SB209670, reverses ischemia-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in the rat. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. J. (1994) 8:A260
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MINO N, KOBAYASHI M, NAKAJIMA A et al: Protective effect of a selective endothelin receptor antagonist, BQ123, in ischemic acute renal failure in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. (1992) 221:77–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUSOMOTO K, KUBO K, KANDORI H et al.: Effects of a new endothelin antagonist, TAK-044, on post-ischemic acute renal failure in rats. Life Sci. (1994) 55:301–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Interesting experimental data with TAK-044.
   Google Scholar
• LOPEZ-FARRE A, GOMEZ-GARRE D, BERNABEU F, LOPEZ-NO VOAJM: A role for endothelin in the mainte-nance of post-ischaemic renal failure in the rat. J. Physiol. (1991) 444:513–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MICKLEY EJ, GRAY GA, WEBB DJ: Activation ofendothelin ETA receptors masks the constrictor role of endothelin ETB receptors in rat isolated small mesenteric arteries. Br. J. Pharmacol. (1997) 120:1376–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IKEDA S, AWANE Y, KUSOMOTO K, WASIMASU M, WATANABE T, FUJINO M: A new endothelin receptor antagonist, TAK-044, shows long-lasting inhibition of both ETA- and ETB-mediated blood pressure response in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1994) 270:728–733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WATANABE T, AWANE Y, IKEDA S et al.: Pharmacologyof a non-selective ETA and ETB receptor antagonist, TAK-044, and the inhibition of myocardial infarct size in rats. Br. J. Pharmacol (1995) 114:949–954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IMAKITA M, YAMANAKA N, KURODA N et al. Effects of the endothelin receptor antagonist TAK-044 on hepatocyte element alterations in the ischemic-reperfused liver in Beagle dogs. J. Hepatol. (1998) 28:204–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUYUKGEBIZ 0, AKTAN AO, HAKLAR G eta].: BQ-123, a specific endothelin (ETA) receptor antagonist, prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation. Transpl. Int. (1996) 9:201–207.
   Google Scholar
• SOGABE K, NIREI H, SHOUBO M et al.: Pharmacological profile of FR139317, a novel, potent endothelin ETA receptor antagonist. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1993) 264:1040–1046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GROSS PM, WEAVER DF, HO LT, PANG JJ, EDVINSSON L:FR139317, a specific ETA-receptor antagonist, inhibitis cerebral activation by intraventricular endothelin-1 in conscious rats. Neuropharm. (1994) 33:1155–1166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MATSUURA T, MIURA K, EBARA T et al: Renal vasculareffects of the selective endothelin receptor antagonists in anaesthetized rats. Br. J. Pharmacol. (1997) 122:81–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISHIWAWA K, IHARA M, NOGUCHI K et al: Biochemicaland pharmacological profile of a potent and selective endothelin B-receptor antagonist, BQ-788. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1994) 91:4892–4896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MATSUURA T, YUKIMURA T, KIM S, MIURA K, IWAO H:Selective blockade of endothelin receptor subtypes on systemic and renal vascular responses to endothelin-1 and IR11620, a selective endothelin ETB-receptor agonist, in anesthetized rats. Jpn. J. Pharmacol (1996) 71:213–222.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CLOZEL M, BREU V, GRAY GA et al.: Pharmacologicalcharacterization of Bosentan, a new potent orally active nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonist. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1994) 270:228–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPIEGEL HU, UHLMANN D, SCOMMOTAU S, GIERSCH B, SULKOWSKI U: Effect of the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan on postischemic oxygen supply of the liver. J. Invest. Surg. (1996) 9:439–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RIECHERS H, ALBRECHT HP, AMBERG W et al: Discovery and optimization of a novel class of orally active nonpeptide endothelin-A receptor antagonists. J. Med. Chem. (1996) 11:2123–2128.
   Google Scholar
• BIRCK R, KNOLL T, BRAUN C D et al.: Improvement ofpostischemic acute renal failure with the novel orally active endothelin-A receptor antagonist LU 135252 in the rat. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. (1998) 32:80–86.
   Google Scholar
• FOITZIK T, FAULHABER J, HOTZ HG, KIRCHENGAST M,BUHR HJ: Endothelin receptor blockade improves fluid sequestration, pancreatic blood flow, and survival in severe experimental pancreatitis. Ann. Surg. (1998) 228:670–675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUETTEN H, THIEMERMANN C, VANE JR: Effects of theendothelin receptor antagonist, SB 209670, on circula-tory failure and organ injury in endotoxic shock in the anasthetized rat. Br. J. Pharmacol. (1996) 118:198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHENNIB H, KUANG JQ, OHLSTEIN EH, GIAID A: Endothelin receptor antagonist improves pulmonary hemodynamics during lung ischemia/reperfusion injury. Transplantation (1998) 66:917–937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KIKUCHI T, OHTAKI T, KAWATA A etal.: Cyclic hexapep-tide endothelin receptor antagonists highly potent for both receptor subtypes ETA and ETB. Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun. (1994) 200:1708–1712.
   Google Scholar
• TAKEDA EURO: Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• NAMBI P et al.: Rat Kidney Endothelin Receptors inIschaemia-Induced Acute Renal Failure. J. Exp. Pharm. Ther. (1992) 1:264.
   Google Scholar
• SIMONSON MS DUNN MJ: Endothelin peptides and thekidney. Annu. Rev. Physiol. (1993) 55:249–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KON V, SUGIURA M, INAGAMI T, HARVIE BR, ICHIKAWA I, HOOVER RL: Role of endothelin in cyclosporine-induced glomerular dysfunction. Kidney Int. (1990) 37:1487–1491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KON V, YOSHIOKA T, FOGO A, ICHIKAWA I: Glomerularactions of endothelin in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. (1989) 83:1762–1767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IKEDA S, KUSOMOTO K, WATANABE T, FUJINO M: Jpn.Pharmacol. (1994) 64:85P.
   Google Scholar
• CRISTOL JP, WARNER TD, THIEMERMANN C, VANE JR:Mediation via different receptors of the vasocon-strictor effects of endothelins and sarafotoxins in the systemic circulation and renal vasculature of the anaesthetized rat. Br. J. Pharmacol. (1993) 108:776–779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PALLER MS, HOIDAL JR, FERRIS TF: Oxygen free radicalsin ischemic acute renal failure in the rat. J. Clin. Invest. (1984) 74:1156–1164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOPEZ-FARRE A, BERNABEU F, GOMEZ-GARRE D et al.:Platelet-activating factor antagonists treatment protects against postischemic acute renal failure in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1990) 253:328–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIN JJ, CHURCHILL PC, BIDANI AK: Theophylline in ratsduring maintenance phase of post-ischemic acute renal failure. Kidney Int. (1988) 33:24–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MITAKA C, HIRATA Y, YOKOYAMA K, NAGURA T, TSUNODA Y, AMAHA K: Improvement of renal dysfunc-tion in dogs with endotoxemia by a nonselective endothelin receptor antagonist. Crit. Care Med. (1999) 27:146–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOJIMA M, KUSUMOTO K, FUJIWARA S, WATANABE T,FUJINO M: Role of endogenous endothelin in the extension of myocardial infarct size studied with the endothelin receptor antagonist, TAK-044. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. (1995) 26:365–368.
   Google Scholar
• KITAYOSHI T, IKEDA S, KUBO K, AWANE-IGATA Y, WATANABE T, FUJINO M: Effects of a new endothelin receptor antagonist, TAK-044, on myocardial stunning in dogs. Eur.j Pharmacol. (1996) 305:137–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SZABO G, FAZEKAS L, BAHRLE S et al.: Endothelin-A and-B antagonists protect myocardial and endothelial function after ischemia/reperfusion in a rat heart transplantation model. Cardiovasc. Res. (1998) 39:683–690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GROVER GJ, SLEPH PG, FOX M, TRIPPODO NC: Role ofendothelin-1 and big endothelin-1 in modulating coronary vascular tone, contractile function and severity of ischaemia in rat hearts. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1992) 263:1074–1082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAN H, NEUBAUER S, BRAEKER B, ERTL G: Endothelin-1contributes to ischaemia reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart: attenuation of ischaemia injury by the endothelin-1 antagonists BQ123 and BQ610. J. Mol Cardiol (1995) 27:761–766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCMURDO L, SESSA WC, THIERMANN C, VANE JR: Ischaemia and reperfusion injury potentiates the vasoconstrictor effects of endothelin-1 in the isolated perfused heart of the rat. Br. J. Pharmacol. (1991) 104:343P.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LI XS, WANG WD, PERNOW J: The nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan enhances myocardial recovery and endothelial function during reperfusion of the ischaemic rat heart. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. (1995) 26:S445–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAGASSAN PH, BREU V, CLOZEL M, CLOZEL JP: Role of endothelin during reperfusion after ischaemia in isolated perfused rat heart. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. (1994) 24:867–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OHKUBO H, FUJIOKA H, KAMOHARA Y et al.: Efficacy of endothelin-1 receptor antagonist for protecting the function of grafted livers from preservation-reperfusion injury in pigs. Transplant Proc. (1997) 29:3467–3468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FUKUNAGA K, TAKADA Y, TANIGUCHI H, OTSUKA M,GOTO K, FUKAO K: Successful liver transplantation from non-heart-beating donors by blockade of endothelin and PAF. Transplant. Proc. (1998) 30:3797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FUKUNAGA K, TAKADA Y, TANIGUCHI H et al. Protecting the viability of hepatic allografts procured from non-heart-beating donors by blockade of endothelin and platelet activating factor in porcine liver transplantation. Int. Surg. (1998) 83:226–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FUKUNAGA K, TAKADA Y, TANIGUCHI H et al.: Endothelin antagonist treatment for successful liver transplantation from non-heart-beating donors. Transplantation (1999) 67:328–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •A well done study on the use of TAK-044 in a liver transplant model with warm ischaemia.
   Google Scholar
• YAMANAKA N, TAKAYA Y, ORIYAMA T et al.: Hepatopro-tective effect of nonselective endothelin receptor antagonist (TAK-044) in the transplanted liver. J. Surg. Res. (1997) 70:156–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FUJIOKA H, MIZOE A, WATANABE Y et al.: Change in serum levels of endothelin-1 in porcine liver transplantation and efficacy of ET-1 antagonist to protect damage to liver grafts. Transplant. Proc. (1997) 29:869–870.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JIN MB, ZHU Y, ZHANG S, ISHIZAKI N et al.: Attenuationof ischemic liver injury by a non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist. Transplant. Proc. (1997) 29:1335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DHAR DK, YAMANOI A, OHMORI H et al: Modulation ofendothelin and nitric oxide: a rational approach to improve canine hepatic microcirculation. Hepatology (1998) 28:782–788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAWAMURA E, YAMANAKA N, OKAMOTO E, TOMODA F,FURUKAWA K: Response of plasma and tissue endothelin-1 to liver ischemia and its implication in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hepatology (1995) 21:1138–1143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPIEGEL HU, SCOMMOTAU S, UHLMANN D, GIERSCH B:Effect of the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan on postischemic liver microcirculation. Zentralbl. Chir. (1996) 121:788–793.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOTO M, TAKEI Y, KAWANO S M et al. Endothelin-1 is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion liver injury by hepatic microcirculatory disturbances. Hepatology (1994) 19 675–681
   Google Scholar
• SUZUKI, N, MATSUMOTO H, KITADA C, MASAKI T, FUJINO M: A sensitive sandwich-enzyme immunoassay for human endothelin. J. Immunol. Methods (1989) 118:245–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WATANABE T, SUZUKI N, SHIMAMOTO N, FUJINO M, IMADA A: Contribution of endogenous endothelin to the extension of myocardial infarct size in rats. Circ. Res. (1991) 61:370–377.
   Google Scholar
• OHUCHI T, TADA K, AKAMATSU K: Endogenous ET-1 contributes to liver injury induced by galactosamine and endotoxin in isolated perfused rat liver. Am. J. Physiol. (1995) 268:G997–G1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOEPPEL TA, KRAUS T, THIES JC, GEBHARD MM, OTTOG, POST S: Effects of mixed ETA and ETB-Receptor antagonist (Ro-47-0203) on hepatic microcirculation after warm ischemia. Digestive Dis. Sci. (1997) 42:1316–1321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KITAYAMA Y, YAMANAKA N, KAWAMURA E, KURODA N,OKAMOTO E: Hepatoprotective Effect of the Endothelin Receptor Antagonist TAK-044 against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the canine liver. Hepatology (1997) 25:938–942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RODMAN DM, SATO K, STELZNER TJ, MCMURTRY IF, O'BRIEN RF: Endothelin causes pulmonary vasocon-striction and lung edema [abstract]. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. (1989) 139:A51.
   Google Scholar
• UCHIDA Y, NINOMIYA H, SAOTOME M et al.: Endothelin,a novel vasoconstrictor peptide, as potent vasocon-strictor. Eur. j Pharmacol (1988) 154:227–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KHIMENKO PL, MOORE TM, TAYLOR AE: Blocked ETAreceptors prevent ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat lungs. J. Appl. Physic)]. (1996) 80:203–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUETTEN H, THIEMERMANN C, VANE JR: Effects of theendothelin receptor antagonist, SB209670, on circulating failure and organ injury in endotoxic shock in the anaesthetized rat. Br. J. Pharmacol (1996) 118:198–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MIZUTANI H, MINAMOTO K, AOE M et al.: Expression ofendothelin-1 and effects of an endothelin receptor antagonist, TAK-044, at reperfusion after cold preser-vation in a canine lung transplantation model. J. Heart Lung Transplantat. (1998) 17:835–845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAKUGAWA Y, PARASKEVAS S, METRAKOS P et al.: Alterations in pancreatic microcirculation and expres-sion of endothelin-1 in a model of chronic pancrea-titis. Pancreas (1996) 13:89–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OLDNER A, WANECEK M, GOINY M eta].: The endothelinreceptor antagonist bosentan restores gut oxygen delivery and reverses intestinal mucosal acidosis in porcine endotoxin shock. Gut (1998) 42:696–702.
   Google Scholar
• PERALTA C, HOTTER G, CLOSA D et al.: Nitric oxide enhances endothelin production in pancreas transplantation. Pancreas (1997) 14:369–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HYSLOP S, DE NUCCI G: Vasoactive mediators released by endothelins. Pharmacol. Res. (1992) 26:223–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PEARSON PJ, UN PJ, SCHAFF HV: Production of endothelium-derived contracting factor is enhanced after coronary reperfusion. Ann. Thorac. Surg. (1991) 51:788–792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOTTER G, PI F, SANZ C, PERALTA C et al: Endothelin mediated nitric oxide effects in ischemia-reperfusion associated with pancreas transplantation. Dig. Dis. Sci. (1998) 43:2627–2633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BURKE GW, CIANCIO G, CIROCCO R et al.: Tacrolimus-related microangiopathy in kidney and simultaneous pancreas-kidney recipients: evidence of endothelin and cytokine involvement. Transplant Proc. (1998) 30:661–662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAYNES WG, WEBB DJ: Contribution of endogenous generation of endothelin-1 to basal vascular tone. Lancet (1994) 344:852–854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••A major contribution to the knowledge on the fine tune ofvascular tone by endothelins.
   Google Scholar
• HAYNES WG, FERRO CJ, OKANE KPJ, SOMERVILLE D, LOMAX CC, WEBB DJ: Systemic endothelin receptor blockade decreases peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure in humans. Circulation (1996) 93:1860–1870.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOVE MP, HAYNES WG, GRAY GA, WEBB DJ, MCMURRAY JJV: Vasodilator effects of endothelin converting enzyme inhibition and endothelin ETA receptor blockade in chronic heart failure patients treated with ACE inhibitors. Circulation (1996) 94:2131–2137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Endothelins, chronic heart failure and ACE inhibitors. An important contribution to the potential use and risks of endothelin antagonists in chronic heart failure.
   Google Scholar
• KIOWSKI W, SUTSCH G, HUNIZIKER P et al.: Evidence for endothelin-1 mediated vasoconstriction in severe chronic heart failure. Lancet (1995) 346:732–736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BINET I, WALLNOFER A, WEBER C, JONES R, THIEL G: Renal hemodynamics and pharmacokinetics of bosentan with and without cyclosporine A. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. (In press).
   Google Scholar
• •One of the first papers on the effects of endothelin antago-nists on cyclosporine side effects. An important clinical question for the use of endothelin antagonists in organ transplantation.
   Google Scholar
• HUTCHINSON IV: An endothelin-transforming growth factor beta pathway in the nephrotoxicity of immuno-suppressive drugs. Hypertension (1998) 7:665–671.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WANG A, BASHORE T, HOLCSLAW T et al.: Randomized prospective double blind multicentre trial of endothelin receptor antagonist in the prevention of contrast nephrotoxicity. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (1998) 9:137A.
   Google Scholar
• MCMURRAY JJ, RAY SG, ABDULLAH I, DARGIE HD, MORTON JJ: Plasma endothelin in chronic heart failure. Circulation (1992) 85:1374–1379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RODEHEFFER RJ, LERMAN A, HEUBLEIN DM, BURNETT JC, JR: Increased plasma concentrations of endothelin in chronic heart failure in humans. Mayo Clin. Proc. (1992) 67:719–724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CODY RJ, HAAS GJ, BINKLEY PF, CAPERS Q, KELLEY R: Plasma endothelin correlates with the extent of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Circulation (1992) 85:504–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KURIHARA Y, KURIHARA H, ODA H, MAEMURA K, NAGAI R, ISHIKAWA T, YAZAKI Y: Aortic arch malformations and ventricular septal defect in mice deficient in endothelin-1. j Clin. Invest. (1995) 96:293–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLOUTHIER DE, HOSADA K, RICHARDSON JA et al.: Cranial and cardiac neural crest defect in endothelin-A receptor-deficient mice. Development (1998) 125:813–824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOSADA K, HAMMER E, RICHARDSON J et al.: Targeted and natural (piebald-lethal) mutations of endothelin-B receptor gene produce megacolon associated with spotted coat color in mice. Cell (1994) 79:1267–1276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOFSTRA RMW, OSINGA J, TAN-SINDHUNATA G et al.: A homozygous mutation in the endothelin-3 gene associated with a combined Waardenburg type 2 and Hirschsprung phenotype (Shah-Waardenburg syndrome). Nature Genet. (1996) 12: 445–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PUFFENBERGER EG, HOSADA K, WASHINGTON SS et al.: A missense mutation of the endothelin-B receptor gene in mulitigenetic Hirschsprung's disease. Cell (1994) 79:1257–1266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEGIGNI A, REMUZZI G: Endothelin antagonists. Lancet (1999) 353:133–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENIGNI A, REMUZZI G: The renoprotective potential of endothelin receptor antagonists. Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents (1997) 7:139–149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••A well balanced actual overview on the current knowledgeand development of endothelin antagonists.
   Google Scholar
• BULKLEY GB: Free radical-mediated reperfusion injury: a selective review. Br. J. Cancer (1987) 55:66-73. Matthias Behrend
   Google Scholar