Therapeutic developments in sudden cardiac death

Bibliography

• EISENBERG M, HORWOOD B, CUMMINS R, REYNOLDS- HAERTLE R, HEARNE T: Cardiac arrest and resuscita-tion: a tale of 29 cities. Ann. Emerg. Med. (1990) 19:179–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BECKER L, OSTRANDER M, BARRETT J, KONDOS G: Outcome of CPR in a large metropolitan area - where are the survivors? Ann. Emerg. Med. (1991) 20:355–361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOMBARDI G, GALLAGHER E, GENNIS P: Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in New York City: The pre-hospital arrest survival evaluation (PHASE) study. JAMA (1994) 271:678–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CUMMINS R, EISENBERG M, HALLSTROM A: Survival ofout-of-hospital cardiac arrest with early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am. J. Emerg. Med. (1985) 3:114–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COBB L, BAUM R, ALVAREZ H, SCHAFFER W: Resuscita-tion from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation: 4 years follow-up. Circulation (1975) 52:111223–235.
   Google Scholar
• HALLSTROM A, COBB L, YU B, WEAVER W, FAHREH-BRUCH C: An Anti-arrhythmic drug experience in 941 patients resuscitated from an initial cardiac arrest between 1970 and 1985. Am. J. CardioL (1991) 68:1025–1031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STEINBECK G, ANDRESEN D, BACH P et al.: Acomparison of electrophysiologically guided Anti-arrhythmic drug therapy with beta-blocker therapy in patients with symptomatic, sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. N Engl. J Med. (1992) 327:987–992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CORRADO D, BASSO C, POLETTI A etal.: Sudden death inthe young. Is acute coronary thrombosis a factor? Circulation (1994) 90:2315–2323.
   Google Scholar
• BAUM R, ALVAREZ H, COBB L: Survival after resuscita-tion from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Circulation (1974) 50:1231–1235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• URETSKY B, THYGESEN K, ARMSTRONG P et al.: Acutecoronary findings at autopsy in heart failure patients with sudden death: Results from the Assessment of Treatment with Lisinopril and Survival (ATLAS) Trial. Circulation (2000) 102:611–616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIES M: Anatomic features in victims of sudden coronary death: Coronary artery pathology. Circula-tion (1992) 85 (Suppl. I):1-19-I–24.
   Google Scholar
• FARB A, TANG A, BURKE A et al.: Sudden coronary death: Frequency of active coronary lesions, inactive coronary lesions and myocardial infarction. Circula-tion (1995) 92:1701–1709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BABA N, BASHEJR W, KELLER M et al.: Pathology of atherosclerotic heart disease in sudden death, I: Organizing thrombosis and acute coronary vessel lesions. Circulation (1975) 52 (Suppl. III) :111–53–111–69.
   Google Scholar
• BASHEJR W, BABA N, KELLER M et al.: Pathology of atherosclerotic heart disease in sudden death, II: The significance of myocardial infarction. Circulation (1975) 52 (Suppl. III) :111–63–111–69.
   Google Scholar
• LESSMEIER T, LEHMANN M, STEINMAN R et al.: Implant-able cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in 300 patients with coronary artery disease presenting exclusively with ventricular fibrillation. Am. Heart J. (1994) 128:211–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NATALE A, SRA J, AXTELL K et al.: Ventricular fibrillationand polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with critical coronary artery stenosis: Does bypass surgery suffice? Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. (1994) 5:988–994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LUU M, STEVENSON W, STEVENSON L, BARON K, WALDEN J: Diverse mechanisms of unexpected cardiac arrest in advanced heart failure. Circulation (1989) 80 :1675–1680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WANG Y, SCHEINMAN M, CHIEN W et al.: Patients withsupraventricular tachycardia presenting with aborted sudden death: Incidence, mechanism and long-term follow-up. J. Am. Coll Cardiol (1991) 18:1711–1719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRATT C, GREENWAY P, SCHOENFELD M, HIBBEN M, REIFFEL J: Exploration of the precision of classifying sudden cardiac death: Implications for the interpreta-tion of clinical trials. Circulation (1996) 93:519–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THE NORWEGIAN MULTICENTER STUDY GROUP: Timolol-induced reduction in mortality and reinfarc-tion in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction. N Engl. J. Med. (1981) 304:801–807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLOCKER HEART ATTACK STUDY GROUP: A random-ized trial of propranolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction. I. Mortality results. JAMA (1982) 247:1707–1714.
   Google Scholar
• HJALMARSON A, HERLITZ J, MALEK I et al.: Effect onmortality of metoprolol in acute myocardial infarc-tion: A double-blind randomized trial. Lancet (1981) 2:823–827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TEO K, YUSUF S, FURBERG C: Effects of prophylacticAnti-arrhythmic drug therapy in acute myocardial infarction. An overview of results from randomized controlled trials. JAMA (1993) 270:1589–1595.
   Google Scholar
• KRUMHOLZ H, RADFORD M, WANG Y et al: National useand effectiveness of I3-blockers for the treatment of elderly patients after acute myocardial infarction: National cooperative cardiovascular project. JAMA (1998) 280:623–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SOUMERAI S, MCLAUGHLIN T, SPIEGELMAN D et al.:Adverse outcomes of underuse of I3-blockers in elderly survivors of acute myocardial infarction. JAMA (1997) 277:115–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOTTLIEB S, MCCARTER R, VOGEL R: Effect ofbeta-blockade on mortality among high-risk and low-risk patients after myocardial infarction. N Engl. J. Med. (1998) 339:489–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PACKER M, BRISTOW M, COHN J et al: The effect ofcarvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med. (1996) 334:1349–1355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LECHAT P, BRUNHUBER K, HOFMANN R et al: The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II (CIBIS-II): a randomized trial. Lancet (1999) 353:9–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MERIT-HF STUDY GROUP: Effect of metoprolol CR/XLin chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL random-ized intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-I IF) . Lancet (1999) 353:2001–2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THE RESOLVD INVESTIGATORS: Effects of metoprololCRin patients with ischemic and dilated cardiomyopa-thy: The randomized evaluation of strategies for left ventricular function pilot study. Circulation (2000) 101:378–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OLSSON G, WIKSTRAND J, WARNOLD I et al.:Metoprolol-induced reduction in mortality: Pooled results from five double-blind randomized trials. Eur. Heart J. (1992) 13:28–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRISHMAN W, FURBERG C, FRIEDEWALD W: Beta-adrenergic blockade for survivors of acute myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. (1984) 310:830–837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PANIDIS I, MORGANROTH J: Initiating events of suddencardiac death. Cardiovasc. Clin. (1985) 15:81–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HJALMARSON A: Effects of beta blockade on suddencardiac death during acute myocardial infarction and the postinfarction period. Am. J. Cardiol (1997) 80:35J–39J.
   Google Scholar
• EXNER D, REIFFEL J, EPSTEIN A et al: Beta-blocker useand survival in patients with ventricular fibrillation or symptomatic ventricular tachycardia: the An ti-arrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators (AVID) trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1999) 34:325–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RANKOVIC V, KARHA J, PASSMAN R, KADISH A, GOLDBERGER J: Predictors of implantable car dioverter defibrillator therapy in patients with nonischemic heart disease. Circulation (2000) 102. (In Press).
   Google Scholar
• MOSS A, ZAREBA W, HALL W et al.: Effectiveness andlimitations of beta-blocker therapy in congenital long-QT syndrome. Circulation (2000) 101:616–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DOROSTKAR P, ELDAR M, BELHASSEN B, SCHEINMAN M:Long-term follow-up of patients with long-QT syndrome treated with beta-blockers and continuous pacing. Circulation (1999) 100:2431–2436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JULIAN D, CAMM A, FRANGIN G et al.: Randomised trialof effect of amiodarone on mortality in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction after recent myocardial infarction: EMIAT. Lancet (1997) 349:667–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAIRNS J, CONNOLLY S, ROBERTS R, GENT M: Random-ised trial of outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with frequent or repetitive ventricular premature depolarisations: CAMIAT. Lancet (1997) 349:675–682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOUTITIE F, BOISSEL J, CONNOLLY S et al.: Arniodaroneinteraction with beta-blockers: Analysis of the merged EMIAT (European Myocardial Infarct Arniodarone Trial) and CAMIAT (Canadian Arniodar one Myocardial Infarction Trial) Databases. Circulation (1999) 99:2268–2275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KADISH A, QUIGG R, SCHAECTER A et al: Defibrillatorsin nonischemic cardiomyopathy treatment evaluation (DEFINITE). Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. (2000) 23:338–343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAVIELE A, BONGIORNI M, BRIGNOLE M et al.: Whichstrategy is 'best' after myocardial infarction? The beta-blocker strategy plus implantable cardioverter defibrillator trial: rationale and study design. Am. J Cardiol. (1999) 83:104D–111D.
   Google Scholar
• CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA SUPPRESSION TRIAL INVESTI-GATORS (CAST): Preliminary report: effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl. J. Med. (1989) 321:406–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WALDO A, CAMM A, DERUYTER H et al.: Effect of D-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction. Lancet (1996) 348:7–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CONNOLLY S, CAIRNS J, GENT M, ROBERTS R, YUSUF S:Effect of prophylactic amiodarone on mortality after acute myocardial infarction and in congestive heart failure: meta-analysis of individual data from 6500 patients in randomized trials. Lancet (1997) 350:1417–1424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TORP-PEDERSEN C, MOLLER M, BLOCH-THOMSEN P etDofetilide in patients with congestive heart failure and left ventricular function. N Engl. J Med. (1999) 341:857–865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOBER L (FOR THE DIAMOND STUDY GROUP): A clinical trial of dofetilide in patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunc-tion:The DIAMOND MI study. Eur. HeartJ (1998) 19:90.
   Google Scholar
• MASON J: A comparison of electrophysiologic testing with Holier monitoring to predict Anti-arrhythmic drug efficacy for ventricular tachyarrhythmias. N Engl. J. Med. (1993) 329:445–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MASON J: A comparison of seven Anti-arrhythmic drugs in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. N Engl. J. Med. (1993) 329:452–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUXTON A, LEEK, FISHER J et al: A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med. (1999) 341:1882–1890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANTI-ARRHYTHMICS VERSUS IMPLANTABLE DEFIBRILLA-TORS INVESTIGATORS: A comparison of Anti-arrhythmic drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias. N. Engl. J. Med. (1997) 337:1576–1583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUCK K, CAPPATO R, SIEBELS J, RUPPEL R (FOR THE CASH INVESTIGATORS): Randomized comparison of Anti-arrhythmic drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest. The Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg (CASH). Circulation (2000) 102:748–754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CONNOLLY S, GENT M, ROBERTS R et al.: Canadianimplantable Defibrillator Study (CIDS): A randomized trial of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator against amiodarone. Circulation (2000) 101:1297–1302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCANULTY J, HALLSTROM A, WILKOFF B et al.: The lowarrhythmia frequency sex tile: a subgroup that doesn't need an implanted defibrillator. Circulation (1999) 100:1–367.
   Google Scholar
• SHELDON R, CONNOLLY S, KRAHN A et al.: Identificationof patients most likely to benefit from implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy. The Canadian implantable Defibrillator Study (CIDS). Circulation (2000) 101:1660–1664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOLDBERGER J: Treatment and prevention of suddencardiac death. Effect of recent clinical trials. Arch. Intern. Med. (1999) 159:1281–1287.
   Google Scholar
• ZIPES D, ROBERTS D: Results of the international studyof the implantable pacemaker car dio verter-defibrillator. Circulation (1995) 92:59–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MOSS A, HALL W, CANNOM D et al.: Improved survivalwith an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. N Engl. J. Med. (1996) 335:1933–1940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BIGGER J, CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT PATCH TRIAL INVESTIGATORS: Prophylactic use of implanted cardiac defibrillators in patients at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias after coronary-artery bypass graft surgery. N Engl. J Med. (1997) 337:1569–1575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEVINE J, WALLER T, HOCH D et al.: implantable cardioverter defibrillator: Use in patients with no symptoms and at high risk. Am. Heart J. (1996) 131:59–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARRON B, SHEN W, LINK M et al.: Efficacy of implant-able cardioverter-defibrillators for the prevention of sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl. J. Med. (2000) 342:365–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREGORATOS G, CHEITLIN M, CONILL A et al.: ACC/AHAguidelines for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Pacemaker Implantation). J Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1998) 31:1175–1209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUSSAK I, ANTZELEVITCH C, BJERREGAARD P, TOWBINJ, CHAITMAN B: The Brugada syndrome: Clinical, electrophysiologic and genetic aspects. J Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1999) 33:5–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KLEIN H, AURICCHIO A, REEKS, GELLER C: New primary prevention trials of sudden cardiac death in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: SCD-HeFT and MADIT-II. Am. J. Cardiol (1999) 83:91D–97D.
   Google Scholar
• MYERBURG R, KESSLER K, ESTES D et al.: Long-term survival after prehospital cardiac arrest: analysis of outcome during an eight year study. Circulation (1984) 70:538–546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROSS A, COYNE K, MOREYRA E et al.: Extended mortalitybenefit of early post-infarction reperfusion. GUSTO-I angiographic investigators. Global utilization of streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator for occluded coronary arteries trial. Circulation (1998) 97:1549–1556.
   Google Scholar
• WINDHAGEN-MAHNERT B, KADISH A: Application of noninvasive and invasive tests for risk assessment in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Cardiol. Clin. (2000) 18:243–263.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• COLEMAN S, DALTON J: Anti-arrhythmic agents. Drugs Res. Dev. (1999) 1:291–295.
   Google Scholar
• BILLMAN G, KANG J, LEAF A: Prevention of sudden cardiac death by dietary pure omega-3 polyunsatu-rated fatty acids in dogs. Circulation (1999) 99:2452–2457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YANG, ANTZELEVITCH C: Cellular basis for the Brugada syndrome and other mechanisms of arrhythmo-genesis associated with ST-segment elevation. Circula-tion (1999) 100:1660–1666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENHORIN J, TAUB R, GOLDMIT M et al.: Effects of flecainide in patients with new SCN5A mutation: Mutation-specific therapy for long QT syndrome? Circulation (2000) 101: 1698-1706.
   Google Scholar
• SCHWARTZ P, PRIORI S, LOCATI E et al.: Long QT syndrome patients with mutations of the SCN5A and BERG genes have a differential response to Na+ channel blockade and to increases in heart rate. Circulation (1995) 92:3381–3386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROSERO S, ZAREBA W, ROBINSON J, MOSS A: Gene-specific therapy for long QT syndrome: QT shortening with lidocaine and tocainide in patients with mutation of the sodium channel gene. Ann. Noninv. Electrocardiol. (1997) 2:274-278. Jeffrey J Goldbergert & Suresh Neelagaru
   Google Scholar