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Review

Therapeutic potential of ACE inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension in Type 2 diabetes

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Pages 2601-2617 | Published online: 23 Feb 2005

Bibliography

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  • ••This analysis of the UKPDS, one of the largest clinical trialswith hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients, showed that the degree of blood pressure reduction, rather than the choice of a particular agent, leads to decreased risk of cardiovas-cular events.
  • UK PROSPECTIVE DIABETES STUDY GROUP: Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovas-cular and microvascular complications in Type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39. BMJ (1998) 317:713–720.
  • ••This analysis of the UKPDS demonstrated similar efficacy ofACEI and I3-blockers in preventing cardiovascular complica-tions in Type 2 diabetes.
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  • •This study suggests better effects of ACEI, compared with dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, in preventing cardio-vascular complications in Type 2 diabetes.
  • TATTI P, PAHOR M, BYINGTON RT et al.: Outcome results of the fosinopril versus amlodipine cardiovas-cular events randomized trial (FACET) in patients with hypertension and NIDDM. Diabetes Care (1998) 21:597–603.
  • •Similar to the ABCD, this trial suggests superior effect of ACEI compared with dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, in preventing cardiovascular complications in Type 2 diabetes.
  • HANSSON L, ZANCHETTI A, CARRUTHERS SG et al: Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet (1998) 351:1755–1762.
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  • ••This large trial demonstrated more beneficial effects of ACEIthan of conventional treatment on cardiovascular events in patients with moderate blood pressure control.
  • YUSUF S, SLEIGHT P, POGUE J et al: Effects of an angiotensin-converting-inhibitor, ramipril, on death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction and stroke in high-risk patients. N Engl. J. Med. (2000) 342:145–153.
  • ••This trial included a large number of diabetic patients.Addition of ramipril reduced risk of cardiovascular and some microvascular complications.
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  • •First larger study showing beneficial effects of ACEI in preventing the progression of microvascular complications in Type 2 diabetes.
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  • AGARDH CD, GARCIA-PUIG J, CHARBONNEL B, ANGELKORT B, BARNETT AH: Greater reduction of urinary albumin excretion in hypertensive Type II diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy by lisinopril than by nifedipine. J. Hum. Hypertens. (1996) 10:185–192.
  • MELBOURNE DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY STUDY GROUP: Comparison between perindopril and nifedipine in normotensive patients with incipient diabetic nephro-pathy. BMJ (1991) 302:210–216.
  • VELUSSI M, BROCCO E, FRIGATO F et al: Effects of cilaza-pril and amlodipine on kidney function in hyperten-sive NIDDM patients. Diabetes (1996) 45:216–222.
  • RUGGENENTI P, MOSCONI L, BIANCHI L et al: Long-term treatment with either enalapril or nitrendipine stabilizes albuminuria and increases glomerular filtra-tion rate in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Am. J. Kidney Dis. (1994) 24:753–761.
  • NIELSEN FS, ROSSING P, GALL MA, SKOTT P, SMIDT UM, PARVING H-H: long-term effects of lisinopril and atenolol on kidney function in hypertensive NIDDM subjects with diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes (1997) 46:1182–1188.
  • RAVID M, BROSCH D, LEVI Z, BAR-DAYAN Y, RAVID D, RACHMANI R: Use of enalapril to attenuate decline in renal function in normotensive, normoalbuminuric patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, controlled trial. Ann. Int. Med. (1998) 128:982–988.
  • •This study suggests that early treatment with ACEI can prevent transition from normo- to microalbuminuria in Type 2 diabetic patients.
  • BAKRIS GL, WEIR MR, DEQUATRO V, MCMAHON FG: Effects of an ACE inhibitor/calcium antagonist combination on proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. (1998) 54:1283–1289.
  • FOGARI R, ZOPPI A, CORRADI L et al: Long-term effects of ramipril and nitrendipine on albuminuria in hypertensive patients with Type II diabetes and impaired renal function. J. Hum. Hypertens. (1999) 13:47–53.
  • •This study shows similar nephroprotective effect of ACEI and dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker in a relatively large number of patients with Type 2 diabetes.
  • CHAN JCN, KO GTC, LEUNG DHY et al:long-term effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and metabolic control in hypertensive 2 diabetic patients. Kidney Int. (2000) 57:590–600.
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  • ••A substudy of the HOPE focusing on renal outcome inmostly Type 2 diabetic patients. This analysis does not suggest such a strong preventive potential of the ACEI as observed in cardiovascular end-points.
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