Development of vaccines against human parasitic diseases: tools, current status and perspectives

Bibliography

• HILLEMAN MR: Six decades of vaccine development - a personal history. Nature Med. (1998) 4:507–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TITUS RG, GUEIROS FILHO FJ, DE FREITAS LA, BEVERLEY SM: Development of a safe live Leishmania vaccine line by gene replacement. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1995) 92:10267–10271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Construction of live attenuated vaccines by geneticengineering.
   Google Scholar
• RUSSMANN H, SHAMS H, POBLETE F, FU Y, GALAN JE, DONIS RO: Delivery of epitopes by the Salmonella Type III secretion system for vaccine development. Science (1998) 281:565–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DONNELI JJ, ULMER JB, SHIVER JW, LIU MA: DNA vaccines. Ann. Rev. Immunol. (1997) 15:617–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •A review of DNA vaccines.
   Google Scholar
• DIETRICH G, GENTSCHEV I, HESS J, ULMER JB, KAUFMANN SHE, GOEBEL W: Delivery of DNA vaccines by attenuated intracellular bacteria. Immunol. Today (1999) 20:251–253.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• XIANG Z, ERTL HC: Manipulation of the immune response to a plasmid encoded viral antigen by co-inoculation with plasmids expressing cytokines. Immunity (1995) 2:129–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOYLE JS, BRADY JL, LEW AM: Enhanced responses to a DNA vaccine encoding a fusion antigen that is directed to sites of immune induction. Nature (1998) 392:408–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TIGHE H, CORR M, ROMAN M, RAZ E: Gene vaccination:plasmid DNA is more than just a blueprint. Immunol Today (1998) 19:89–97.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LIU MA: Overview of DNA vaccines. Ann. NY Acad Sci. (1995) 772:15–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAYLOR CE: Cytokines as adjuvants for vaccines: antigen-specific responses differ from polyclonal responses. Infect. Immun. (1995) 63:3241–3244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LECLERC C, RONCO J: New approaches in vaccine development. Immunol. Today (1998) 19:300–302.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BOYAKA PN, MARINARO M, VANCOTT JL et al.:Strategies for mucosal vaccine development. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1999) 60:35–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NUSSENZWEIG RS, ZAVALA F: A malaria vaccine basedon a sporozoite antigen. N. Engl. J. Med. (1997) 336:128–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JONES TR, HOFFMAN SL: Malaria vaccine development. Microbiol. Rev. (1994) 7:303–310.
   Google Scholar
• STOUTE JA, SLAOUI M, HEPPNER DG et al.:A preliminary evaluation of a recombinant circumsporozoite protein vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. N Engl. J. Med. (1997) 336:86–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NOSTEN F, LUXEMBURGER C, KYLE DE et al. Random- ised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of Spf66 malaria vaccine in children in northwestern Thailand. Lancet (1996) 348:701–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STOUTE JA, KESTER KE, KRZYCH U et al.: Long-term efficacy and immune responses following immuniza-tion with the RTS,S malaria vaccine. J. Infect. Dis. (1998) 178:1139–1144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MILLER LH, HOFFMAN SL: Research toward vaccines against malaria. Nature Med. (1998) 4:520–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOFFMAN SL, DOOLAN DL, SEDEGAH M et al: Strategy for development of a pre-erythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum DNA vaccine for human use. Vaccine (1997) 15:842–845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WANG R, DOOLAN DL, LE TP et al.: Induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in humans by a malaria DNA vaccine. Science (1998) 282:476–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••First demonstration in healthy naive humans of theinduction of CD8+ CTLs by a DNA vaccine. TARGETT GAT: Designing a malaria vaccine. J. Clin. Pathol. (1997) 50:535-537. KHURANA SK, TALIB VH: Malaria vaccine. Indian J. Pathol. Microbiol (1996) 39:433-422. LING IT, OGUN SA, HOLDER AA: Immunization against malaria with a recombinant protein. Parasite Immunol. (1994) 16:63-67. AMADOR R, PATARROYO ME: Malaria vaccines. J. Clin. Immunol. (1996) 16:183-189. VALERO MV, AMADOR LR, GALINDO C et al.:Vaccination with SPf66, a chemically synthesised vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Colombia. Lancet (1993) 341:705–710.
   Google Scholar
• ALONSO PL, SMITH T, ARMSTRONG SCHELLEMBERG JRM et al: Randomised trial of efficacy of SPf66 vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in southern Tanzania. Lancet (1994) 344:1175–1181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'ALESSANDRO V, LEACH A, DRAKELLEY CJ et al.: Efficacy trial of malaria vaccine SPf66 in Gambia infants. Lancet (1995) 346:462–467.
   Google Scholar
• GRAVES P, GELBAND H, GARNER P: The SPf66 malaria vaccine: what is the evidence for efficacy? Parasitol. Today (1998) 14:218–220.
   Google Scholar
• •Examination of evidence for efficacy of SPf66 based on systematic review and meta-analysis.
   Google Scholar
• ENGERS HD, BERGQUIST R, MODABBER F: Progress on vaccines against parasites. In: New Approaches to Stabili-sation of Vaccines Potency Brown F (Ed.), Dev. Biol. Stand., Basel, Karger (1996):73–84.
   Google Scholar
• CARTER R, COULSON A, BHATTI S, TAYLOR BJ, ELLIOT JF:Predicted disulfide-bonded structures for three uniquely related proteins of Plasmodium falciparum, Pfs230, Pfs48/45 and Pf12. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol (1995) 71:203–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HEALER J, MCGUINNESS D, HOPCROFT P, HALEY S, CARTER R, RILEY E: Complement-mediated lysis of Plasmodium falciparum gametes by malaria-immune human sera is associated with antibodies to the gamete surface antigen Pfs230. Infect. Immun. (1997) 65:3017–3023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DUFFY PE, KASLOW DC: A novel malaria protein, Pfs28, and Pfs25 are genetically linked and synergistic as falciparum malaria transmission-blocking vaccines. Infect. Immun. (1997) 65:1109–1113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KASLOW DC: Transmission-blocking vaccines: uses and current status of development. Int. J. Parasitol (1997) 27:183–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TINE JA, LANAR DE, SMITH DM et al.: NYVAC-Pf7: a poxvirus-vectored, multiantigen, multistage vaccine candidate for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Infect. Immun. (1996) 9:3833–3844.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OCKENHOUSE CF, SUN P, LANAR DE et al.: Phase I/IIa safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy trial of NYVAC-Pf7, a pox-vectored, multiantigen, multistage vaccine candidate for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J. Infect. Dis. (1998) 177:1664–1673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •First trial of a multiantigen vaccine against malaria in humans.
   Google Scholar
• ANTUNES CMF, MAYRINK W, MAGALHAES PA et al.: Controlled field trials of a vaccine against New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int. J. Epidemiol (1986) 15:572–580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAYRINK W, WILLIANS P, COSTA CA et al.: An experi-mental vaccine against American dermal leishmania-sis: experience in the state of Espirito Santo Brazil. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. (1985) 79:259–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CONVIT J, RONDON A, ULRICH M etal.: Immunotherapy versus chemotherapy in localized cutaneous leshmaniasis. Lancet (1987) 1:401–404.
   Google Scholar
• MARZOCHI KBF, MARZOCHI MCA, SILVA AF et al: Phase I study of an inactivated vaccine against american tegumemtary leishmaniasis in normal volunteers in Brazil. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz (1998) 93:205–212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MODABBER F: Vaccines against leishmaniasis. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. (1995) 89:83–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOMENI AZ, JALAYER T, EMAMJOMEH M et al.: A randomised double-blind, controlled trial of a killed L. major vaccine plus BCG against zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Vaccine (1999) 17:466–472.
   Google Scholar
• SHARIFI I, FEKRI AR, AFLATONIAN MR et al: Randomisedvaccine trial of single dose of killed Leishmania major plus BCG against anthroponotic cutaneous leishma-niasis in Bam, Iran. Lancet (1998) 351:1540–1543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARMIJOS RX, WEIGEL MM, AVILES H, MALDONADO R, RACINES J: Field trial of a vaccine against New World cutaneous leishmaniasis in an at-risk child population: safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy during the first 12 months of follow- up. J. Infect. Dis. (1998) 177:1352–1357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAYRINK W, PINTO J, COSTA C et al.: Short report: evaluation of the potency and stability of a candidate vaccine against American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1999) 61:294–295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GURUNATHAN S, SACKS DL, BROWN DR et al.: Vaccina-tion with DNA encoding the immunodominant LACK parasite antigen confers protective immunity to mice infected with Leishmania major. J. Exp. Med. (1997) 186:1137–1147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HANDMAN E: Leishmania vaccines: old and new. Parasitol. Today (1997) 13:236–238.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OLOBO JO, ANJILI CO, GICHERU MM et al.: Vaccination of vervet monkeys against cutaneous leishmaniasis using recombinant Leishmania 'major surface glycoprotein' (gp63). Vet. Parasitol. (1995) 60:199–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ABDELHAK S, LOUZIR H, TIMM J et al.: Recombinant BCG expressing the leishmania surface antigen gp63 induces protective immunity against Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice. Microbiology (1995) 141:1585–1592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CONNELL ND, MEDINA-ACOSTA E, MCMASTER WR, BLOOM BR, RUSSEL DG: Effective immunization against cutaneous leishmaniasis with recombinant bacille Calmette-Guerin expressing the Leishmania surface protease gp63. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1993) 90:11473–11477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCSORLEY SJ, XU D, LIEW FY: Vaccine efficacy of Salmonella strains expressing glycoprotein 63 with different promoters. Infect. Immun. (1997) 65:171–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• XU D, LIEW FY: Protection against leishmaniasis by injection of DNA encoding a major surface glycopro-tein, gp63, of L. major. Immunology (1995) 84:173–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •First Leishmania vaccine delivered as plasmid DNA.
   Google Scholar
• PIEDRAFITA D, XU D, HUNTER D, HARRISON RA, LIEW FY: Protective immune responses induced by vaccina-tion with an expression genomic library of Leishmania major. J. Immunol. (1999) 163:1467–1472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DUNNE DW, HAGAN P, ABATH FGC: Prospects for immunological control of schistosomiasis. Lancet (1995) 345:1488–1492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAYLOR MG, BICKLE QD: Towards a schistosomiasis vaccine: irradiated schistosome vaccines. Parasitol. Today (1986) 2:132–136.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• YOLE DS, PEMBERTON R, REID GD, WILSON RA: Protec-tive immunity to Schistosoma mansoni induced in the olive baboon Papio anubis by the irradiated cercaria vaccine. Parasitology (1996) 112:37–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BERGQUIST NR, COLLEY DG. Schistosomiasis vaccines: research to development. Parasitol. Today (1998) 14:99–104.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BALLOUL JM, GRZYCH JM, PIERCE RJ, CAPRON A: A purified 28,000 dalton protein from Schistosoma mansoni adult worms protects rats and mice against experimental schistosomiasis. J. Immunol. (1987) 138:3448–3453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BALLOUL JM, SONDERMEYER P, DREYER D et al.: Molecular cloning of a protective antigen of schisto-somes. Nature (1987) 326:149–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOLOWCZUK I, AURIAULT C, BOSSUS M et al.: Antigen-icity and immunogenicity of a multiple peptidic construction of the Schistosoma mansoni Sm-28 GST antigen in rat. 1. Partial protection of Fischer rat after active immunization. J. Immunol (1991) 146:1987–1995.
   Google Scholar
• XU CB, VERWAERDE C, GRAS-MASSE H et al.: Schisto-soma mansoni 28-kDa glutathione S-transferase and immunity against parasite fecundity and egg viability. Immunol. (1993) 150:940–949.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •A report on the best characterised vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis.
   Google Scholar
• HARN DA, GU W, OLIGINO LD, MITSUYAMA M, GEBREMI-CHAEL A, RICHTER D: A protective monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes and alters the catalytic activity of schistosome triose-phosphate isomerase. j Immunol. (1992) 148:562–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REYNOLDS SR, DAHL CE, HARN DA: T and B epitope determination and analysis multiple antigenic peptides for the Schistosoma mansoni triose-phosphate isomerase. j Immunol. (1994) 152:193–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HARN DA, REYNOLDS SR, CHIKUNGUWO S et al.: Synthetic peptide and naked DNA vaccines for Schisto-soma mansoni. 5th International Symposium on Schisto-somiasis, Salvador, Brazil (1995):23–23. (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• MATSUMOTO Y, PERRY G, LEVINE RJC, BLANTON R, MAHMOUD AF, AIKAWA M: Paramyosin and actin in schistosomal teguments. Nature (1988) 333:76–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAMES SL, PEARCE EJ, SHER A: Prospects for a nonlivingvaccine against schistosomiasis based on cell-mediated immune resistance mechanisms. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz (1987) 82 (Suppl. IV):121–123.
   Google Scholar
• PEARCE EJ, JAMES SL, HIENY S, LANAR DE, SHER A:Induction of protective immunity against Schisto-soma mansoni by vaccination with schistosome paramyosin (5m97), a nonsurface parasite antigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1988) 85:5678–5682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SOISSON LMA, MASTERSON CP, TOM TD, MCNALLY MT,LOWELL GH, STRAND M: Induction of protective immunity in mice using a 62-kDa recombinant fragment of a Schistosoma mansoni surface antigen. J. Immunol. (1992) 149:3612–3620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SOISSON LMA, STRAND M: Schistosoma mansoni: Induction of protective immunity in rats using a recombinant fragment of a parasite surface antigen. Exp. Parasitol. (1993) 77:492–494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOSER D, TENDLER M, GRIFFITHS G, KLINKERT MQ: A14-kDa Schistosoma mansoni polypeptide is homolo-gous to a gene family of fatty acid binding proteins. J. Biol. Chem. (1991) 266:8447–8454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TENDLER M, BRITO CA, VILAR MM et al. A Schistosoma mansoni fatty acid-binding protein, Sm14, is the potential basis of a dual-purpose anti-helminth vaccine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1996) 93:269–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAINE GJ, MAZZER DR, BRANDT ER, MCMANUS DP: A dominant B-cell epitope on the 22 kDa tegumental menbrane associated antigen of Schistosoma japonicum maps to an EF-hand calcium binding domain. Parasite Immunol. (1997) 19:337–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAINE GJ, ALARCON JB, QIU C, MCMANUS DP: Genetic immunization of mice with DNA encoding the 23 kDa transmembrane surface protein of Schistosoma japonicum (Sj23) induces antigen-specific immuno-globulin G antibodies. Parasite Immunol (1999) 21:377–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO): Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR). TDR news 54 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• CAPRON A: Schistosomiaisis: forty years' war on the worm. Parasitol. Today (1998) 14:379–384.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HAGAN P, NDHLOVU PD, DUNNE DW: Schistosomemu-nology: more questions than answers. Parasitol Today (1998) 14:407–412.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ABATH FGC, MONTENEGRO SML, GOMES YM: Vaccines against human parasitic diseases: an overview. Acta Tropica (1998) 71:237–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAYE PM, GORAK P, MURPHY M, ROSS S: Strategies for immune intervention in visceral leishmaniasis. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. (1995) 89\(Suppl. 0:75–81.
   Google Scholar
• WYNN TA, JANKOVIC D, HIENY S, CHEEVER AW, SHER A: IL-12 enhances vaccine-induced immunity to Schisto-soma mansoni in mice and decreases T helper 2 cytokine expression, IgE production, and tissue eosinophilia. j Immunol. (1995) 154:4701–4709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHER A, JANKOVIC D, CHEEVER AW, WYNN TA: An IL-12 based vaccine approach for preventing immunopa-thology in schistosomiasis. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1996) 795:202–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WYNN TA, CHEEVER AW, JANKOVIC D et al: An IL-12- based vaccination method for preventing fibrosis induced by schistosome infection. Nature (1995) 376:594–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •An example of immunomanipulation with cytokines.
   Google Scholar
• AFONSO LC, SCHARTON TM, VIEIRA LQ, WYSOCKA M, TRINCHIERI G, SCOTT P: The adjuvant effect of interleukin-12 in a vaccine against Leishmania major. Science (1994) 263:235–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •An example of immunomanipulation with cytokines.
   Google Scholar