Allergen immunotherapy: current and new therapeutic strategies

Bibliography

• NOON L: Prophylactic inoculation against hay fever. Lancet (1911) 1:1572–1573.
   Google Scholar
• DES ROCHES A, PARADIS L, MENARDO J-L, BOUGES S, DAURES J-P, BOUSQUET J: Immunotherapy with a standardized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. VI. Specific immunotherapy prevents the onset of new sensitizations in children. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol (1997) 99:450–453.
   Google Scholar
• JACOBSEN L, DREBORG S, MOLLER C et al: Immuno-therapy as a preventive treatment. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol (1996) 97:232.
   Google Scholar
• FREW AJ: Injection immunotherapy. BMJ (1993) 307:919–923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOUSQUET J, LOCKEY R F, MALLING H-J: Allergen immunotherapy: Therapeutic vaccines for allergic diseases. Allergy (1998) 53 (Suppl.):1–42.
   Google Scholar
• ••A consensus document on the clinical practice of immuno-therapy prepared by a panel of experts.
   Google Scholar
• HEJJAOUI A, DHIVERT H, MICHEL FB, BOUSQUET J: Immunotherapy with a standardized Dermatopha-goides pteronyssinus extract. Systemic reactions according to the immunotherapy schedule. J. Allergy Clin. Immune]. (1990) 85:473–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LERCH E, MULLER U: Long-term protection after stopping VIT: results of restings in 200 patients. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol (1998) 101:606–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DURHAM SR, WALKER S, VARGA E-M et al.: Long-term clinical efficacy of grass-pollen immunotherapy. N Engl. J. Med. (1999) 341:468–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MALLING H-J, ABREU-NOGUEIRA J, ALVAREZ-CUESTA E et al: Position paper: Local Immunotherapy. Allergy (1998) 53:933–944.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SABBAH A, HASSOUN S, LE SELLIN J et al: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial by the sublingual route of immunotherapy with a standardized grass pollen extract. Allergy (1994) 49:309–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QUIRINO T, IEMOLI E, SICILIANI E et al.: Sublingual versus injective immunotherapy in grass pollen allergic patients: a double blind (double dummy) study. Clin. Exp. Allergy (1996) 26:1253–1261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOUSQUET J, SCHEINMANN P, GUINNEPAIN MT et al. Sublingual-swallow immunotherapy (SLIT) in patients with asthma due to house-dust mites: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Allergy (1999) 54:249–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OUADAHI S, PATERNOSTRE M, ANDRE C et al.: Liposomal formulations for oral immunotherapy: in vitro stability in synthetic intestinal media and in-vivo efficacy in the mouse. J. Drug Target (1998) 5:365–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BJORKSTEN B: Local immunotherapy is not documented for clinical use. Allergy (1994) 49:299–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANDRI L, SENNA G, GIVANNI S et al.: Local nasalimmunotherapy with extract in powder form is effective and safe in grass pollen rhinitis: a double-blind study. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (1996) 97:34–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CRIMI E, VOLTOLINI S, TROISE C et al.: Local immuno-therapy with Dermatophagoides extract in asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol (1991) 87:721–728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VARNEY VA, GAGA M, FREW AJ et al.: Usefulness of immunotherapy in patients with severe summer hay fever uncontrolled by antiallergic drugs. BMJ (1991) 302:265–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ABRAMSON MJ, PUY RM, WEINER JM: Is allergen immunotherapy effective in asthma? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am. J. Respir. Grit. Care Med. (1995) 151:969–974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DOUGLASS JA, THIEN FCK, O'HEHIR RE: Immuno-therapy in asthma. Thorax (1997) 52 (Suppl.):22–29.
   Google Scholar
• ABRAMSON MJ, PUY RM, WEINER JM: Allergen specificimmunotherapy for asthma (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library Oxford Update Software (1998) Issue 3.
   Google Scholar
• VARNEY VA, EDWARDS J, TABBAH K et al.: Clinical efficacy of specific immunotherapy to cat dander: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clin. Exp. Allergy (1997) 27:860–867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OPPENHEIMER JJ, NELSON HS, BOCK SA et al.: Treatment of peanut allergy with rush immunotherapy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol (1992) 90:256–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CRETICOS PS, VAN METRE TE, MARDINEY MR: Dose ofresponse of IgE and IgG antibodies during ragweed immunotherapy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (1984) 73:94–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DJURUP DBK, MALLING H, SONDERGAARD I et al.: The IgE and IgG subclass antibody response in patients allergic to yellow jacket venom undergoing different regimens of venom immunotherapy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (1985) 76:46–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN NEERVEN RJJ, WIKBORG T, LUND G et al.: Blocking antibodies induced by specific allergy vaccination prevent the activation of CD4+ T cells by inhibiting serum-IgE-facilitated allergen presentation. J. Immunol (1999) 163:2944–2952.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOUSQUET J, MAASCH H, MARTINOL B, HEJJAOUI A, WAHL R, MICHEL FB: Double-blind, placebo-controlled immunotherapy with mixed grass-pollen allergoids. II Comparison between parameters assessing the efficacy of immunotherapy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (1988) 82:439–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MULLER U, HELBLING A, BISCHOF M: Predictive value of venom-specific IgE, IgG and IgG subclass antibodies in patients on immunotherapy with honeybee venom. Allergy (1989) 44:412–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'HEHIR RE, GARMAN RD, GREENSTEIN JL, LAMB JR: The specificity and regulation of T-cell responsiveness to allergens. Ann. Rev. Immunol. (1991) 9:67–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROMAGNANI S: Lymphokine production by human T cells in disease states. Ann. Rev. Immunol. (1994) 12:227–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROLLAND JR, O'HEHIR RE: Immunotherapy of allergy: anergy, deletion and immune deviation. Curr. Opin. Immunol. (1998) 10:640–645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••A review of mechanisms of immunotherapy.
   Google Scholar
• LI Y, SIMONS ER, JAY FT, HAYGLASS KT: Allergen-driven limiting dilution analysis of human IL-4 and IFN-y production in allergic rhinitis and clinically tolerant individuals. mt. Immunol (1996) 8:897–904.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JUTEL MP, PICHLER WJ, SKRBIC D et al.: Bee venom immunotherapy results in decrease of IL-4 and IL-5 and an increase of IFN-y secretion in specific allergen stimulated cultures. J. Immunol (1995) 154:4187–4194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •One of the first studies to demonstrate T-cell cytokine changes occurring early during immunotherapy.
   Google Scholar
• AKDIS C, AKDIS M, BLESKEN T et al.: Epitope-specific T cell tolerance to phospholipase A2 in bee venom immunotherapy and recovery by IL-2 and IL-15 in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. (1996) 98:1676–1683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HSIEH C-S, HEIMBERGER AB, GOLD JS et al.: Differential regulation of T helper phenotype development by interleukins 4 and 10 in an a F128b T cell receptor transgenic system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1992) 89:6065–6069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHEN Y, INOBE JI, MARKS R, GONNELLA P, KUCHROO VK, WEINER HL: Peripheral deletion of antigen-reactive T cells in oral tolerance. Nature (1995) 376:177–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AKDIS CA, BLESKEN T, AKDIS M, WUTHRICH B, BLASER K: Role of interleukin 10 in specific immunotherapy. J. Clin. Invest. (1998) 102:98–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BELLINGHAUSEN I, METZ G, ENK AH, CHRISTMANN S, KNOP J, SALOGA J: Insect venom immunotherapy induces interleukin-10 production and a Th2-to-Thl shift and changes surface marker expression in venom-allergic subjects. Eur. J. Immunol. (1997) 27:1131–1139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOLT PG: Regulation of immune responses at mucosal surfaces: Allergic respiratory disease as a paradigm. Immunol. Cell Biol. (1998) 76:119–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AEBISCHER I, STADLER BM: TH1-TH2 cells in allergic responses: at the limits of a concept. Adv. Immunol (1996) 61:341–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROLLAND JM, O'HEHIR RE: Targeting the allergen-specific CD4+ T cell - strategies for improved allergen immunotherapy. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Int. (2000) (In Press).
   Google Scholar
• WOLF PR, PLOEGH HL: How MHC class II moleculesacquire peptide cargo: biosynthesis and trafficking through the endocytic pathway. Ann. Rev. Cell Dev. (1995) 11:267–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN NEERVEN RJJ, EBNER C, YSSEL H, KAPSENBERG ML, LAMB JR: T-cell responses to allergens: epitope specificity and clinical relevance. Immunol. Today (1996) 17:526–532.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• THOMAS WR, SMITH W, HALES BJ: House dust mite allergen characterisation: implications for T-cell responses and immunotherapy. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol (1998) 115:9–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'HEHIR RE, HOYNE GF, THOMAS WR, LAMB JR: House dust mite allergy: from T-cell epitopes to immuno-therapy. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. (1993) 23:763–772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SONE T, MORIKUBO K, MIYAHARA M et al.: T cell epitopes in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen allergens: choice of major T cell epitopes in Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 toward design of the peptide-based immunotherapeutics for the management of Japanese cedar pollinosis. j Immunol (1998) 161:448–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DE LALLA C, STURNIOLO T, ABBRUZZESE L et al.: Identifi-cation of novel T cell epitopes in Lol p5a by computa-tional prediction. J. Immunol (1999) 163:1725–1729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SETTE A, SIDNEY J: HLA supertypes and supermotifs: a functional perspective on HLA polymorphism. Curr. Opin. Immunol. (1998) 10:478–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZEILER T, MANTYJARVI R, RAUTIANINEN J et al.: T cell epitopes of a lipocalin allergen colocalize with the conserved regions of the molecule. J. Immunol (1999) 162:1415–1422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOYNE GF, O'HEHIR RE, WRAITH DC, THOMAS WR, LAMB JR: Inhibition of T cell and antibody responses to house dust mite allergen by inhalation of the dominant T cell epitope in naive and sensitized mice. J. Exp. Med. (1993) 178:1783–1788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BAUER L, BOHLE B, SAHN-SCHMID B et al: Modulation of the allergic immune response in BALB/c mice by subcutaneous injection of high doses of the dominant T cell epitope from the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Clin. Exp. Immunol. (1997) 107:536–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NORMAN PS, OHMAN JL, LONG AA et al. Treatment of cat allergy with T-cell reactive peptides. Am. J. Respir. Grit. Care Med. (1996) 154:1623–1628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MULLER U, AKDIS A, FRICKER M et al: Successful immunotherapy with T-cell epitope peptides of bee venom phospholipase A2 induces specific T-cell anergy in patients allergic to bee venom. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (1998) 101:747–754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••The first demonstration of clinically effective allergenimmunotherapy using T-cell epitope peptides.
   Google Scholar
• HOYNE GF, JARNICKI AG, THOMAS WR, LAMB JR: Characterization of the specificity and duration of T cell tolerance to intranasally administered peptides in mice: a role for intramolecular epitope suppression. Int. Immunol. (1997) 9:1165–1173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARSH DG, NORMAN PS, ROEBBER M, LICHTENSTEIN LM: Studies on allergoids from naturally occurring allergens. III Preparation of ragweed pollen allergoids by aldehyde modification in two steps. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (1981) 68:449–459.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GRAMMER LC, SHAUGHNESSY MA, PATTERSON R: Modified forms of allergen immunotherapy. J. Allergy Immunol. (1985) 76:397–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOUSQUET J, MAASCH HJ, HEJJAOUI A et al: Double-blind, placebo-controlled immunotherapy with mixed grass-pollen allergoids. III Efficacy and safety of unfractionated and high-molecular-weight prepara-tions in rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (1989) 84:546–556.
   Google Scholar
• PASSALACQUA G, ALBANO M, GREGONESE L et al: Randomised controlled trial of local allergoid immunotherapy on allergic inflammation in mite-induced rhinoconjunctivitis. Lancet (1998) 351:629–632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FERREIRA F, HIRTENLEHNER K, JILEK A et al.: Dissection of immunoglobulin E and T lymphocyte reactivity of isoforms of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1: Potential use of hypoallergenic isoforms for immuno-therapy. J. Exp. Med. (1996) 183:599–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Demonstration of hypoallergenic isoforms of a birch pollen allergen which have potential use for immunotherapy.
   Google Scholar
• SMITH AM, CHAPMAN MD, TAKETOMI EA et al: Recombi-nant allergens for immunotherapy: A Der p 2 variant with reduced IgE reactivity retains T-cell epitopes. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (1998) 101:423–425.
   Google Scholar
• OLSSON S, VAN HAGE-HAMSTEN M, WHITLEY P: Contri-bution of disulphide bonds to antigenicity of Lep d 2, the major allergen of the dust mite Lepidoglyphus destructor. Mot Immunol. (1998) 35:1017–1023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAUPPINEN J, ZEILER T, RAUTIAINEN J et al: Mutant derivatives of the main respiratory allergen of cow are less allergenic than the intact molecule. Clin. Exp. Allergy (1999) 29:989–996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VRTALA S, HIRTENLEHNER K, SUSANI M et al: Genetic engineering of recombinant hypoallergenic oligomers of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1: Candidates for specific immunotherapy. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. (1999) 118:218–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZEILER T, TAIVAINEN A, RYTKONEN M et al.: Recombi-nant allergen fragments as candidate preparations for allergen immunotherapy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (1997) 100:721–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHRAMM G, KAHLERT H, SUCK R et al: 'Allergen engineering': variants of the Timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p 5b with reduced IgE-binding capacity but conserved T cell reactivity. J. Immunol (1999) 162:2406–2414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OKADA T, SWOBODA I, BHALLA PL, TORIYAMA K, SINGH MB: Engineering of hypoallergenic mutants of the Brassica pollen allergen, Bra r 1, for immunotherapy. FEBS Letters (1998) 434:255–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAHN-SCHMID B, SIEMANN U, ZENKER A et al.: Bet vi, the major birch pollen allergen, conjugated to crystalline bacterial cell surface proteins, expands allergen-specific T cells of the Thl/Th0 phenotype in vitro by induction of IL-12. mt. Immunol (1997) 9:1867–1874.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HETZEL C, JANSSEN R, ELY SJ et al: An epitope delivery system for use with recombinant mycobacteria. Inf. Immunity (1998) 66:3643–3648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •A novel recombinant mycobacteria delivery system for an allergen peptide to induce Thl-type responses.
   Google Scholar
• AKDIS CA, BLESKEN T, WYMANN D et al: Differentialregulation of human T cell cytokine patterns and IgE and IgG4 responses by conformational antigen variants. Eur. J. Immunol. (1998) 28:914–925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KIM TS, DEKRUYFF RH, RUPPER R et al: An ovalbumin-IL-12 fusion protein is more effective than ovalbumin plus free recombinant IL-12 in inducing a T helper Type 1-dominated immune response and inhibiting antigen-specific IgE production. J. Immunol. (1997) 158:4137–4144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Use of an allergen-cytokine fusion protein to induce Thl-type allergen responses in a murine model.
   Google Scholar
• HSU C-H, CHUA K-Y, TAO M-H et al.: Immunoprophy-laxis of allergen-induced immunoglobulin E synthesis and airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo by genetic immunization. Nature Med. (1996) 2:540–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SLATER JE, VEDVICK T, ARTHUR-SMITH A, TRYBUL DE,KEKWICK RG: Identification, cloning and sequence of a major allergen (Hev b 5) from natural rubber latex (Hevea brasiliensis). J. Biol. Chem. (1996) 271:25394–25399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BURKS AW, COCKRELL G, CONNAUGHTON C, KARPAS A,HELM RM: Epitope specificity of the major peanut allergen, Ara h II. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (1995) 95:607–611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROIDE D, RAZ E: DNA-based immunization for asthma. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. (1999) 118:453–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HARTL A, KIESSLICH J, WEISS R et al.: Immune responsesafter immunization with plasmid DNA encoding Bet v 1, the major allergen of birch pollen. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (1999) 103:107–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •An allergen DNA vaccine incorporating immunostimulatory sequences of DNA as adjuvant induces an allergen-specific Thl deviation in mice.
   Google Scholar