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Review

Animal models in xenotransplantation

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Pages 2051-2068 | Published online: 24 Feb 2005

Bibliography

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  • •A thorough review of transplantation tolerance, including xenograft tolerance.
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  • •An excellent review of the progress in understanding the immunology of xenotransplantation and in developing strategies for potential clinical application.
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  • ••A crucial paper recognising that a human natural antibodyrecognises a-Gal, elucidating a mechanism of hyperacute rejection following discordant xenografting in humans.
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  • ••A detailed description of the immunopathological changesof hyperacute rejection in the pig-to-primate model.
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  • •A thorough review of the role of the hDAF transgene in preventing hyperacute rejection in a pig-to-human transplantation.
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  • •A key article demonstrating that human complement regula-tory proteins, such as CD59, can prevent hyperacute rejection in a pig-to-primate model.
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  • •A review of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of delayed xenograft rejection.
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  • •A detailed review of the mechanisms involved in acute vascular rejection.
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  • ••This paper demonstrates that a transgenic hDAF pig heart isable to support the life of a primate when transplanted orthotopically.
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  • ••A thorough review of the role of T-cells in xenograftrejection.
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  • ••The first review article of organ transplantation betweenwidely disparate species.
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  • ••This paper clearly demonstrates the role of xenoreactiveantibodies in a rat-to-mouse model.
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  • •A detailed description of the pathological changes of hyperacute rejection in a guinea-pig-to-rat model.
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  • ••Description of a novel mouse-to-rabbit model, in whichhyperacute rejection is mediated by the classical comple-ment pathway.
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  • ••This paper demonstrates the possibility to preventinghyperacute rejection by depleting a-Gal.
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  • •Description of techniques involved in generating a-Gal knockout mice.
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  • •This paper clearly demonstrates the role of the innate immune system in xenograft rejection.
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  • •This paper demonstrates how cytokines regulate acute vascular xenogenic rejection.
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  • ••This paper demonstrates that the biological effect of IFN-y isspecies specific.
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  • •Development of an immunosuppressive protocol, which allows long-term survival of concordant xenografts in primates.
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  • •This paper clearly demonstrates that a kidney from a phylogenetically distant species, such as the pig, is capable of maintaining normal functions in primates.
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