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Review

T cell-mediated immunotherapy of metastases: state of the art in 2005

Pages 1051-1068 | Published online: 24 Nov 2005

Bibliography

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  • •This study describes large-scale electrofusion techniques for generating DC-tumour hybrids as cancer vaccines. In a mouse sarcoma, a single therapeutic vaccination with hybrid vaccine using autolougous but not allogeneic DCs caused eradication of established metastases.
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  • •An important review concerning the theory behind the use of autologous 'unique' TAAs and summarising the state of the art of clinical studies with gp96 HSP peptide complexes (HSPPC–96).
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  • ••This is a 'classical' review about danger signals and their importance for immune responses.
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  • •This is a comprehensive review about the biology of a relevant replication-competent oncolytic virus.
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  • VON HOEGEN P, WEBER E, SCHIRRMACHER V: Modification of tumor cells by a low dose of Newcastle disease virus; augmentation of the tumor-specific T cell response in the absence of an anti-viral response. Eur. j Immunol (1988) 18:1159–1166.
  • FOURNIER P, ZENG J, SCHIRRMACHER V: Two ways to induce innate immune responses in human PBMCs: paracrine stimulation of IFN-a responses by viral protein or dsRNA. Int. J. Oncol (2003) 23:673–680.
  • ZENG J, FOURNIER P, SCHIRRMACHER V: Induction of interferon a and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing blood mononuclear cells by hemagglutinin-neuraminidase but not F protein of Newcastle disease virus. Virology (2002) 297:19–30.
  • ZENG J, FOURNIER P, SCHIRRMACHER V: Stimulation of human natural interferon-a response via paramyxo-virus hemagglutinin lectin-cell interaction. J. Mo/. Med. (2002) 80:443–451.
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  • OKAJI Y, TSUNO NH, KITAYAMA J et al.: Vaccination with autologous endothelium inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis of colon cancer through autoimmunity. Cancer Sci. (2004) 95(1):85–90.
  • NIETHAMMER AG, XIANG R, BECKER JC et al: A DNA vaccine against VEGF receptor 2 prevents effective angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth. Nat. Med. (2002) 8(12):1369–1375.
  • LI Y, WANG MN, LI H et al.: Active immunization against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor flkl inhibits tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. J. Exp. Med. (2002) 195(12):1575–1584.
  • WATERSTON AM, SALWAY F, ANDREAKOS E et al.: TNF autovaccination induces self anti-TNF antibodies and inhibits metastasis in a murine melanoma model. Br. J. Cancer (2004) 90(6):1279–1284.
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  • KAECH SM, WHERRY EJ, AHMED R: Effector and memory T cell differentiation: implications for vaccine development. Nat. Rev. (2002) 2:251.
  • •An expert review about memory T cell differentiation, open questions and implications for vaccine development.
  • VEIGA-FERNANDES H, WALTER U, BOURGEOIS C et al.: Response of naïve and memory CD8+ T cells to antigen stimulation in vivo. Nat. Immunol (2000) 1:47.
  • VERMORKEN JB, CLAESSEN AM, VAN TINTEREN H et al.: Active specific immunotherapy for stage II and stage III human colon cancer: a randomized trial. Lancet (1999) 353:345.
  • ••The first report about a randomisedclinical trial of ASI. This is of importance because it uses an autologous live cell vaccine and because it shows a clinical benefit.
  • LIANG W WANG H, SUN TM et al.: Application of autologous tumor cell vaccine and NDV vaccine in treatment of tumors of digestive tract. World J. Gastroenterol (2003) 9(3):495.
  • BERD D, SATO T, MAGUIRE H JR et al: Immunopharmacologic analysis of an autologous hapten-modified human melanoma vaccine. J. Clin. Oncol (2003) 22(3):403–415.
  • O'ROURKE MG, JOHNSON M, LANAGAN C et al: Durable complete clinical responses in a Phase I/II trial using an autologous melanoma cell/dendritic cell vaccine. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2003) 52:387–395.
  • SCHIRRMACHER V FEUERER M, BECKHOVE P et al: T cell memory, anergy and immunotherapy in breast cancer. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia (2002) 7(2):201–208.
  • KARCHER J, DYCKHOFF G, BECKHOVE P et al.: Anti-tumor vaccination with HNSCC with autologous virus-modified tumor cells. Cancer Res. (2004) 64(21):8057–8061.
  • STEINER HH, BONSANTO MM, BECKHOVE P et al.: Anti-tumor vaccination of patients with glioblastoma multiforme in a case-control study: feasibility, safety and clinical benefit. Clin. Oncol (2004) 22(21):4272–4281.
  • ••A case-control study in glioblastomapatients demonstrating autologous vaccine-induced memory T cell responses and clinical benefit; perhaps the best survival data in this most devastating type of cancer.
  • BENDANDI M, GOCKE CD, KOBRIN CB et al.: Complete molecular remission induced by patient-specific vaccination plus granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor against lymphoma. Nat. Med. (1999) 5(10):1171–1177.
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  • MOCELLIN S et al.: Part I: Vaccines for solid tumours. Lancet Oncol. (2004) 5:681–689.
  • ROSENBERG SA et aL: Cancer immunotherapy: moving beyond current vaccines. Nat. Med. (2004) 10:909–915.
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