Bibliography
- Jabs DA. Epidemiology of uveitis. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2008;15:283-4
- Jabs D, Nussenblatt R, Rosenbaum J; SoUNSW Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol 2005;140:509-16
- Yeh S, Faia LJ, Nussenblatt RB. Advances in the diagnosis and immunotherapy for ocular inflammatory disease. Semin Immunopathol 2008;30:145-64
- Gritz D, Wong I. Incidence and prevalence of uveitis in Northern California; the Northern California Epidemiology of Uveitis Study. Ophthalmology 2004;111:491-500
- Williams G, Brannan S, Forrester J, et al. The prevalence of sight-threatening uveitis in Scotland. Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:33-6
- Suttorp-Schulten M, Rothova A. The possible impact of uveitis in blindness: a literature survey. Br J Ophthalmol 1996;80:844-8
- Rothova A, Schulten MSV, Treffers WF, Kijlstra A. Causes and frequency of blindness in patients with intraocular inflammatory disease. Br J Ophthalmol 1996;80:332-6
- Schäcke H, Döcke W, Asadullah K. Mechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoids. Pharmacol Ther 2002;96:23-43
- Biswas J, Ganeshbabu T, Raghavendran S, et al. Efficacy and safety of 1% rimexolone versus 1% prednisolone acetate in the treatment of anterior uveitis – a randomized triple masked study. Int Ophthalmol 2004;25:147-53
- Ferrante P, Ramsey A, Bunce C, Lightman S. Clinical trial to compare efficacy and side-effects of injection of posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone versus orbital floor methylprednisolone in the management of posterior uveitis. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2004;32:563-8
- Özkiris A. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for the treatment of posterior uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2006;14:233-38
- Kok H, Lau C, Maycock N, et al. Outcome of intravitreal triamcinolone in uveitis. Ophthalmology 2005;112:1916.e1-7
- Galor A, Margolis R, Brasil O, et al. Adverse events after intravitreal triamcinolone in patients with and without uveitis. Ophthalmology 2007;114:1912-18
- Sallam A, Comer R, Chang J, et al. Short-term safety and efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for uveitic macular edema in children. Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:200-5
- Roth D, Flynn H. Distinguishing between infectious and noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone injection. Am J Ophthalmol 2008;146:346-7
- Kuppermann B, Blumenkranz M, Haller J, et al. Randomized controlled study of an intravitreous dexamethasone drug delivery system in patients with persistent macular edema. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125:309-17
- Jaffe G, Martin D, Callanan D, et al. Fluocinolone acetonide implant (Retisert) for noninfectious posterior uveitis: thirty-four-week results of a multicenter randomized clinical study. Ophthalmology 2006;113:1020-7
- Jaffe G. Reimplantation of a fluocinolone acetonide sustained drug delivery implant for chronic uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2008;145:667-75
- MUST trial inclusion criteria. Available from: http://www.nei.nih.gov/neitrials/viewStudyWeb.aspx?id=106 [Last accessed 25 October 2008]
- Callanan D, Jaffe G, Martin D, et al. Treatment of posterior uveitis with a fluocinolone acetonide implant: three-year clinical trial results. Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:1191-201
- Hemady R, Chan A, Nguyen A. Immunosuppressive agents and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for ocular immune and inflammatory disorders. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 2005;18:511-28,vi
- Rabiah P, Fiscella R, Tessler H. Intraocular penetration of periocular ketorolac and efficacy in experimental uveitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996;37:613-18
- Menezo V, Lau C, Comer M, Lightman S. Clinical outcome of chronic immunosuppression in patients with non-infectious uveitis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005;33:16-21
- Galor A, Jabs D, Leder H, et al. Comparison of antimetabolite drugs as corticosteroid-sparing therapy for noninfectious ocular inflammation. Ophthalmology 2008;115:1826-32
- Imrie F, Dick A. Nonsteroidal drugs for the treatment of noninfectious posterior and intermediate uveitis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2007;18:212-19
- Braun J, Kästner P, Flaxenberg P, et al. Comparison of the clinical efficacy and safety of subcutaneous versus oral administration of methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results of a six-month, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled, phase IV trial. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:73-81
- Compagni A, Bartoli S, Buehrlen B, et al. Avoiding adverse drug reactions by pharmacogenetic testing: a systematic review of the economic evidence in the case of TPMT and AZA-induced side effects. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2008;24:294-302
- Payne K, Newman W, Fargher E, et al. TPMT testing in rheumatology: any better than routine monitoring? Rheumatology (Oxf) 2007;46:727-9
- Fargher E, Tricker K, Newman W, et al. Current use of pharmacogenetic testing: a national survey of thiopurine methyltransferase testing prior to azathioprine prescription. J Clin Pharm Ther 2007;32:187-95
- Teoh S, Hogan A, Dick A, Lee R. Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2008;146:752-60,60.e1-3
- Cervantes-Castaneda R, Bhat P, Huynh N, et al. The role of azathioprine in the treatment of ocular inflammatory disease: a six month follow-up analysis [abstract 5822]. Program and abstracts of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) 2008
- Hogan A, McAvoy C, Dick A, Lee R. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of tacrolimus for the treatment of uveitis. Ophthalmology 2007;114:100-6
- Murphy C, Greiner K, Plskova J, et al. Cyclosporine vs tacrolimus therapy for posterior and intermediate uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:634-41
- Cunningham M, Austin B, Li Z, et al. LX211 (voclosporin) suppresses experimental uveitis and inhibits human T-cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009;50(1):249-55
- Papp K, Bissonnette R, Rosoph L, et al. Efficacy of ISA247 in plaque psoriasis: a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study. Lancet 2008;371:1337-42
- Goldstein D, Fontanilla F, Kaul S, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients treated with short-term high-dose chlorambucil for sight-threatening ocular inflammation. Ophthalmology 2002;109:370-7
- Imai Y, Ohno S. Helper T-cell subsets in uveitis. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2002;42:25-32
- Dick A. Immune mechanisms of uveitis: insights into disease pathogenesis and treatment. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2000;40:1-18
- Imrie F, Dick A. Biologics in the treatment of uveitis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2007;18:481-6
- Dick A, Carter D. Cytokines and immunopathogenesis of intraocular posterior segment inflammation. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2003;11:17-28
- Trinh L, Brignole-Baudouin F, Raphaël M, et al. Th1 and Th2 responses on the ocular surface in uveitis identified by CCR4 and CCR5 conjunctival expression. Am J Ophthalmol 2007;144:580-5
- Luger D, Caspi R. New perspectives on effector mechanisms in uveitis. Semin Immunopathol 2008;30:135-43
- Ke Y, Sun D, Zhang P, et al. Suppression of established experimental autoimmune uveitis by anti-LFA-1alpha Ab. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:2667-75
- Schmitt J, Zhang Z, Wozel G, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of biologic and nonbiologic systemic treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br J Dermatol 2008;159:513-26
- Tzu J, Kerdel F. From conventional to cutting edge: the new era of biologics in treatment of psoriasis. Dermatol Ther 2008;21:131-41
- Sobrin L, Kim E, Christen W, et al. Infliximab therapy for the treatment of refractory ocular inflammatory disease. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125:895-900
- Sfikakis PP, Theodossiadis PG, Katsiari CG, et al. Effect of infliximab on sight-threatening panuveitis in Behçet's disease. Lancet 2001;358:295-6
- Wallis R. Mathematical modeling of the cause of tuberculosis during tumor necrosis factor blockade. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:947-52
- Murray P, Sivaraj R. Anti-TNF alpha therapy for uveitis: Behcet and beyond. Eye 2005;19:31-3
- Lindstedt E, Baarsma G, Kuijpers R, Hagen PV. Anti-TNF-alpha therapy for sight threatening uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89:533-6
- Hale S, Lightman S. Anti-TNF therapies in the management of acute and chronic uveitis. Cytokine 2006;33:231-7
- Galor A, Perez V, Hammel J, Lowder C. Differential effectiveness of etanercept and infliximab in the treatment of ocular inflammation. Ophthalmology 2006;113:2317-23
- Lim L, Fraunfelder F, Rosenbaum J. Do tumor necrosis factor inhibitors cause uveitis? A registry-based study. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:3248-52
- Tynjälä P, Kotaniemi K, Lindahl P, et al. Adalimumab in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated chronic anterior uveitis. Rheumatology (Oxf) 2008;47:339-44
- Gallagher M, Quinones K, Cervantes-Castañeda R, et al. Biological response modifier therapy for refractory childhood uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:1341-4
- Nussenblatt R, Peterson J, Foster C, et al. Initial evaluation of subcutaneous daclizumab treatments for noninfectious uveitis: a multicenter noncomparative interventional case series. Ophthalmology 2005;112:764-70
- Yang D, Taylor S, Lightman SL. Interferon-alpha in the management of patients with Behçet's disease. Br J Hosp Med 2008;69:575-9
- Plskova J, Greiner K, Forrester J. Interferon-alpha as an effective treatment for noninfectious posterior uveitis and panuveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2007;144:55-61
- Plskova J, Greiner K, Muckersie E, et al. Interferon-alpha: a key factor in autoimmune disease? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47:3946-50
- Dick A, Meyer P, James T, et al. Campath-1H therapy in refractory ocular inflammatory disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84:107-9
- Manadan A, Block J. Rheumatoid arthritis: beyond tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists, B cell depletion, and T cell blockade. Am J Ther 2008;15:53-8
- Tappeiner C, Heinz C, Specker C, Heiligenhaus A. Rituximab as a treatment option for refractory endogenous anterior uveitis. Ophthalmic Res 2007;39:184-6
- Taylor S, Salama A, Pusey C, Lightman S. Rituximab is effective in the treatment of refractory ophthalmic Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 2008
- Manadan A, Block J. Rheumatoid arthritis: beyond tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists, B cell depletion, and T cell blockade. Am J Ther 2008;15:53-8
- Angeles-Han S, Flynn T, Lehman T. Abatacept for refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis – a case report. J Rheumatol 2008;35:1897-8
- Bingham C 3rd. Emerging therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis. Bull Hosp Jt Dis 2008;66:210-1
- Jaffe G, Yang C, Wang X, et al. Intravitreal sustained-release cyclosporine in the treatment of experimental uveitis. Ophthalmology 1998;105:46-56
- Hernandez C, Cetner A, Jordan J, et al. Tuberculosis in the age of biologic therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;59:363-80
- Early communication about an ongoing safety review of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers (marketed as Remicade, Enbrel, Humira, and Cimzia). Available from: www.fda.gov/CDER/drug/early _comm/TNF_blockers.htm (last accessed 20 February 2009)