1,302
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REVIEW

Beyond the Surface: A Deeper Look at the Psychosocial Impacts of Acne Scarring

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , & show all
Pages 731-738 | Received 28 Jan 2023, Accepted 05 Mar 2023, Published online: 25 Mar 2023

References

  • Bhate K, Williams HC. Epidemiology of acne vulgaris: epidemiology of acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168(3):474–485. doi:10.1111/bjd.12149
  • Dréno B, Tan J, Kang S, et al. How people with facial acne scars are perceived in society: an online survey. Dermatol Ther. 2016;6(2):207–218. doi:10.1007/s13555-016-0113-x
  • Connolly D, Vu HL, Mariwalla K, Saedi N. Acne scarring-pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment options. J Clin Aesthetic Dermatol. 2017;10(9):12–23.
  • Kaur S, Verma P, Sangwan A, Dayal S, Jain VK. Etiopathogenesis and therapeutic approach to adult onset acne. Indian J Dermatol. 2016;61(4):403–407. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.185703
  • Cunliffe WJ, Gould DJ. Prevalence of facial acne vulgaris in late adolescence and in adults. Br Med J. 1979;1(6171):1109–1110. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6171.1109
  • Pfeifer JH, Berkman ET. The development of self and identity in adolescence: neural evidence and implications for a value-based choice perspective on motivated behavior. Child Dev Perspect. 2018;12(3):158–164. doi:10.1111/cdep.12279
  • Paus T, Keshavan M, Giedd JN. Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence? Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008;9(12):947–957. doi:10.1038/nrn2513
  • Jaspal R. Disfigurement: the challenges for identity and the strategies for coping. Psychol Stud. 2012;57(4):331–335. doi:10.1007/s12646-012-0145-y
  • Versnel SL, Duivenvoorden HJ, Passchier J, Mathijssen IMJ. Satisfaction with facial appearance and its determinants in adults with severe congenital facial disfigurement: a case-referent study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 2010;63(10):1642–1649. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2009.10.018
  • Tan J, Kang S, Leyden J. Prevalence and risk factors of acne scarring among patients consulting dermatologists in the USA. J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(2):97–102.
  • Layton AM. Optimal management of acne to prevent scarring and psychological sequelae. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2001;2(3):135–141. doi:10.2165/00128071-200102030-00002
  • Cecilia MS, Satapathy S, Ramam M, Ramam M. Assessment of body image disturbance, self-esteem and quality of life among adolescents and young adults with acne in a tertiary care facility of India. Indian J Dermatol. 2022;67(1):93. doi:10.4103/ijd.ijd_342_21
  • Atigari OV, Hogan C, Healy D. Doxycycline and suicidality. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;2013:bcr2013200723. doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-200723
  • Suuberg A. Psychiatric and developmental effects of isotretinoin (Retinoid) treatment for acne vulgaris. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2019;90:27–31. doi:10.1016/j.curtheres.2019.01.008
  • Brzezinski P, Borowska K, Chiriac A, Smigielski J. Adverse effects of isotretinoin: a large, retrospective review. Dermatol Ther. 2017;30(4):e12483. doi:10.1111/dth.12483
  • Myhill J. Self-esteem and social assertiveness in patients receiving isotretinoin treatment for cystic acne. Cutis. 1988;41(3):171–173.
  • McDonald KA, Shelley AJ, Alavi A, Systematic A. Review on oral isotretinoin therapy and clinically observable wound healing in acne patients. J Cutan Med Surg. 2017;21(4):325–333. doi:10.1177/1203475417701419
  • Layton AM, Seukeran D, Cunliffe WJ. Scarred for life? Dermatol Basel Switz. 1997;195(Suppl 1):15–21; discussion 38–40. doi:10.1159/000246015
  • Purvis D, Robinson E, Merry S, Watson P. Acne, anxiety, depression and suicide in teenagers: a cross-sectional survey of New Zealand secondary school students. J Paediatr Child Health. 2006;42(12):793–796. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00979.x
  • Cotterill JA, Cunliffe WJ. Suicide in dermatological patients. Br J Dermatol. 1997;137(2):246–250. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.18131897.x
  • Strauss C. Cognitive models of depression: building on beck. J Cogn Psychother. 1987;1:5–37.
  • Burcusa SL, Iacono WG. Risk for recurrence in depression. Clin Psychol Rev. 2007;27(8):959–985. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.02.005
  • Weisberg RB. Overview of generalized anxiety disorder: epidemiology, presentation, and course. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(Suppl 2):4–9. doi:10.4088/JCP.s.7002.01
  • Ingram RE. Self-focused attention in clinical disorders: review and a conceptual model. Psychol Bull. 1990;107(2):156–176. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.156
  • van Tuijl LA, Bennik EC, Penninx BWJH, Spinhoven P, de Jong PJ. Predictive value of implicit and explicit self-esteem for the recurrence of depression and anxiety disorders: a 3-year follow-up study. J Abnorm Psychol. 2020;129(8):788–798. doi:10.1037/abn0000634
  • van Tuijl LA, Glashouwer KA, Bockting CLH, Tendeiro JN, Penninx BWJH, de Jong PJ. Implicit and explicit self-esteem in current, remitted, recovered, and comorbid depression and anxiety disorders: the NESDA study. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0166116. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166116
  • Tan J, Chavda R, Leclerc M, Dréno B. Projective personification approach to the experience of people with acne and acne scarring-expressing the unspoken. JAMA Dermatol. 2022;158(9):1005–1012. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.2742
  • Fried RG, Werschler WP, Berson D, Del Rosso JQ. The psychosocial impact of post-acne scarring. Dermatologist. 2015;23:1–4.
  • Rumsey N, Harcourt D. Body image and disfigurement: issues and interventions. Body Image. 2004;1(1):83–97. doi:10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00005-6
  • Tan J, Beissert S, Cook-Bolden F, et al. Evaluation of psychological well-being and social impact of atrophic acne scarring: a multinational, mixed-methods study. JAAD Int. 2022;6:43–50. doi:10.1016/j.jdin.2021.11.006
  • Ngaage M, Agius M. The psychology of scars: a mini-review. Psychiatr Danub. 2018;30(Suppl 7):633–638.
  • Newell R. Body Image and Disfigurement Care. 0th ed. Routledge; 2013. doi:10.4324/9780203350188
  • Kulthanan K, Jiamton S, Renu K. Dermatology life quality index in Thai patients with acne. Siriraj Med J. 2006;51(12):3–7.
  • Reinholz M, Poetschke J, Schwaiger H, Epple A, Ruzicka T, Gauglitz GG. The dermatology life quality index as a means to assess life quality in patients with different scar types. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(11):2112–2119. doi:10.1111/jdv.13135
  • Aghaei S, Mazharinia N, Jafari P, Abbasfard Z. The Persian version of the Cardiff acne disability index. Reliability and validity study. Saudi Med J. 2006;27(1):80–82.
  • Davern J, O’Donnell AT, Picardo M. Stigma predicts health-related quality of life impairment, psychological distress, and somatic symptoms in acne sufferers. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0205009. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205009
  • Frost DM. Social Stigma and its consequences for the socially stigmatized: social stigma. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2011;5(11):824–839. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00394.x
  • Öztürk A, Deveci E, Bağcioğlu E, Atalay F, Serdar Z. Anxiety, depression, social phobia, and quality of life in Turkish patients with acne and their relationships with the severity of acne. Turk J Med Sci. 2013;43:660–666. doi:10.3906/sag-1208-65
  • Brown BC, McKenna SP, Siddhi K, McGrouther DA, Bayat A. The hidden cost of skin scars: quality of life after skin scarring. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 2008;61(9):1049–1058. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2008.03.020
  • Wiener CL, Macgregor FC. After plastic surgery: adaptation and adjustment. Contemp Sociol. 1982;11(2):207. doi:10.2307/2067051
  • Abdel Hay R, Shalaby K, Zaher H, et al. Interventions for acne scars. Cochrane Skin Group, ed. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016(4). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011946.pub2
  • Bhargava S, Cunha PR, Lee J, Kroumpouzos G. Acne scarring management: systematic review and evaluation of the evidence. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018;19(4):459–477. doi:10.1007/s40257-018-0358-5
  • Finlay AY, Torres V, Kang S, et al. Classification of acne scars is difficult even for acne experts. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(3):391–393. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04461.x
  • Tam C, Khong J, Tam K, et al. Review of non-energy-based treatments for atrophic acne scarring. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2022;15:455–469. doi:10.2147/CCID.S350040
  • Vempati A, Zhou C, Tam C, et al. Subcision for atrophic acne scarring: a comprehensive review of surgical instruments and combinatorial treatments. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023;16:125–134. doi:10.2147/CCID.S397888
  • Anaba EL, Oaku RI. Cross-sectional study of beliefs, perceptions, knowledge of treatment modalities and willingness to pay for acne scar treatment in acne patients. West Afr J Med. 2020;37(6):625–630.
  • Park SY, Park MY, Suh DH, et al. Cross-sectional survey of awareness and behavioral pattern regarding acne and acne scar based on smartphone application. Int J Dermatol. 2016;55(6):645–652. doi:10.1111/ijd.12853
  • Agrawal DA, Khunger N, Morphological A. Study of acne scarring and its relationship between severity and treatment of active acne. J Cutan Aesthetic Surg. 2020;13(3):210–216. doi:10.4103/JCAS.JCAS_177_19
  • Xiao Y, Chen L, Jing D, et al. Willingness-to-pay and benefit-cost analysis of chemical peels for acne treatment in China. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2019;13:363–370. doi:10.2147/PPA.S194615
  • Hopkins ZH, Thiboutot D, Homsi HA, Perez-Chada LM, Barbieri JS. Patient-reported outcome measures for health-related quality of life in patients with acne vulgaris: a systematic review of measure development and measurement properties. JAMA Dermatol. 2022;158(8):900. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.2260
  • Klassen AF, Lipner S, O’Malley M, et al. Development of a new patient-reported outcome measure to evaluate treatments for acne and acne scarring: the ACNE-Q. Br J Dermatol. 2019;181(6):1207–1215. doi:10.1111/bjd.18005
  • Ilgen E, Derya A. There is no correlation between acne severity and AQOLS/DLQI scores. J Dermatol. 2005;32(9):705–710. doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2005.tb00829.x
  • Pakla-Misiur A, Grochowiec M, Lesiak A, Bednarski IA. Double-blind, randomized controlled trial comparing the use of microneedling alone versus chemical peeling alone versus a combination of microneedling and chemical peeling in the treatment of atrophic post-acne scars. An assessment of clinical effectiveness and patients’ quality-of-life. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2021;38(4):629–635. doi:10.5114/ada.2021.108913
  • Peng Y, Bai Z, Guo Y, et al. Effect of cognitive behavior oriented psychological intervention on the psychological status of depressed facial acne scar patients undergoing fractional photothermolysis. J Craniofac Surg. 2022;33(5):1493–1496. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000008448
  • Gupta MA, Guptat AK. The use of antidepressant drugs in dermatology. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2001;15(6):512–518. doi:10.1046/j.1468-3083.2001.00278.x