Efficacy and Tolerability of a Sunscreen Containing Licochalcone a and L-Carnitine as an Adjunct to Retinoids in the Management of Acne and Post-Acne Pigmentation Among Malaysian Patients

References

• Heng AHS, Chew FT. Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–29. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62715-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan JKL, Bhate K. A global perspective on the epidemiology of acne. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172(Suppl 1):3–12. doi:10.1111/BJD.13462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revol O, Milliez N, Gerard D. Psychological impact of acne on 21st-century adolescents: decoding for better care. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172(Suppl 1):52–58. doi:10.1111/BJD.13749
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baumann L. Understanding and treating various skin types: the Baumann skin type indicator. Dermatol Clin. 2008;26(3):359–373. doi:10.1016/J.DET.2008.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser BJ, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(5):945–973.e33. doi:10.1016/J.JAAD.2015.12.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nast A, Dréno B, Bettoli V, et al. European evidence-based (S3) guideline for the treatment of acne – update 2016, short version. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(8):1261–1268. doi:10.1111/JDV.13776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Layton AM, McDonald BS, Mohd Mustapa MF, Levell NJ. National institute for health and care excellence (NICE) acne guideline: what’s the latest for dermatologists? Br J Dermatol. 2022;186(3):426–428. doi:10.1111/BJD.20888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asai Y, Baibergenova A, Dutil M, et al. Management of acne: Canadian clinical practice guideline. CMAJ. 2016;188:118–126. doi:10.1503/cmaj.140665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mavranezouli I, Daly CH, Welton NJ, et al. A systematic review and network meta-analysis of topical pharmacological, oral pharmacological, physical and combined treatments for acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 2022;187(5):639–649. doi:10.1111/BJD.21739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• See JA, Goh CL, Hayashi N, Suh DH, Casintahan FA. Optimizing the use of topical retinoids in Asian acne patients. J Dermatol. 2018;45:522–528. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.14314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertolani MB, Rodighiero E, Gandolfi M, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of short contact therapy with tretinoin, clindamycin, and glycolic acid gel in acne: a randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded two-center trial: the MASCOTTE study. Dermatol Ther. 2021:34:e14724. doi:10.1111/DTH.14724
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leyden J, Lowe N, Kakita L, Draelos Z. Comparison of treatment of acne vulgaris with alternate-day applications of tazarotene 0.1% gel and once-daily applications of Adapalene 0.1% gel: a randomized trial. Cutis. 2001;67(6 Suppl):10–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abad-Casintahan F, Chow SKW, Goh CL, et al. Frequency and characteristics of acne-related post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. J Dermatol. 2016;43(7):826–828. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.13263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorelick J, Daniels SR, Kawata AK, et al. Acne-related quality of life among female adults of different races/ethnicities. J Dermatol Nurses Assoc. 2015;7(3):154–162. doi:10.1097/JDN.0000000000000129
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Callender VD, Alexis AF, Daniels SR, et al. Racial differences in clinical characteristics, perceptions and behaviors, and psychosocial impact of adult female acne. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014;7(7):19–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Callender VD, Baldwin H, Cook-Bolden FE, Alexis AF, Stein Gold L, Guenin E. Effects of topical retinoids on acne and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in patients with skin of color: a clinical review and implications for practice. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2022;23(1):69–81. doi:10.1007/S40257-021-00643-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goh CL, Wu Y, Welsh B, et al. Expert consensus on holistic skin care routine: focus on acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, and sensitive skin syndrome. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023;22(1):45–54. doi:10.1111/JOCD.15519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang S, Amagai M, Bruckner AL, et al. eds. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology. 9th ed. McGraw Hill:2019.
   Google Scholar
• Bowe WP, Kircik LH. The importance of photoprotection and moisturization in treating acne vulgaris - PubMed. J Drugs Dermatol. 2014;13(8):s89–s94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contassot E, French LE. New insights into acne pathogenesis: Propionibacterium acnes activates the inflammasome. J Invest Dermatol. 2014;134(2):310–313. doi:10.1038/JID.2013.505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang G, Lee HE, Yeon SH, et al. Licochalcone A attenuates acne symptoms mediated by suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome. Phytother Res. 2018;32(12):2551–2559. doi:10.1002/PTR.6195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wongtada C, Pewlong P, Asawanonda P, et al. Influence of moisturizer containing licochalcone A, 1,2-decanediol, L-carnitine, and salicylic acid on facial skin lipidome among seborrhea participants. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022;21(12):7081–7089. doi:10.1111/JOCD.15381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanitphakdeedecha R, Tavechodperathum N, Tantrapornpong P, et al. Acne treatment efficacy of intense pulsed light photodynamic therapy with topical licochalcone A, L-carnitine, and decanediol: a spilt-face, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(1):78–87. doi:10.1111/JOCD.13178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulthanan K, Trakanwittayarak S, Tuchinda P, Chularojanamontri L, Limphoka P, Varothai S. A double-blinded, randomized, vehicle-controlled study of the efficacy of moisturizer containing licochalcone A, decanediol, L-carnitine, and salicylic acid for prevention of acne relapse in Asian population. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:2857812. doi:10.1155/2020/2857812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dall’oglio F, Fabbrocini G, Tedeschi A, Donnarumma M, Chiodini P, Micali G. Licochalcone A in combination with salicylic acid as fluid-based and hydroxy-complex 10% cream for the treatment of mild acne: a multicenter prospective trial. Clin Cosmet Invest Dermatol. 2019;12:961–967. doi:10.2147/CCID.S206935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chularojanamontri L, Tuchinda P, Kulthanan K, Varothai S, Winayanuwattikun W. A double-blinded, randomized, vehicle-controlled study to access skin tolerability and efficacy of an anti-inflammatory moisturizer in treatment of acne with 0.1% Adapalene gel. J DermatolTreat. 2016;27(2):140–145. doi:10.3109/09546634.2015.1079298
   Google Scholar
• Doshi A, Zaheer A, Stiller MJ. A comparison of current acne grading systems and proposal of a novel system. Int J Dermatol. 1997;36(6):416–418. doi:10.1046/J.1365-4362.1997.00099.X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan JKL, Tang J, Fung K, et al. Development and validation of a comprehensive acne severity scale. J Cutan Med Surg. 2007;11(6):211–216. doi:10.2310/7750.2007.00037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savory SA, Agim NG, Mao R, et al. Reliability assessment and validation of the post-acne hyperpigmentation index (PAHPI), a new instrument to measure post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation from acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70(1):108–114. doi:10.1016/J.JAAD.2013.09.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin H, Webster G, Stein Gold L, Callender V, Cook-Bolden FE, Guenin E. 50 years of topical retinoids for acne: evolution of treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2021;22(3):315–327. doi:10.1007/S40257-021-00594-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angelova-Fischer I, Rippke F, Fischer TW, Neufang G, Zillikens D. A double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled efficacy assessment study of a skin care formulation for improvement of mild to moderately severe acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(Suppl 2):6–11. doi:10.1111/JDV.12168
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Puaratanaarunkon T, Asawanonda P. A randomized, double-blinded, split-face study of the efficacy of using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with anti-inflammatory agent to reduce post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation after picosecond laser. Clin Cosmet Invest Dermatol. 2022;15:331–337. doi:10.2147/CCID.S355329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar