741
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REVIEW

The Classification and Selection of Adhesive Agents; an Overview for the General Dentist

ORCID Icon
Pages 165-180 | Received 30 Jun 2023, Accepted 23 Aug 2023, Published online: 04 Sep 2023

References

  • Cardoso J, Almeida P, Negrao R, et al. Clinical guidelines for posterior restorations based on coverage, adhesion, resistance, esthetics, and subgingival management the CARES concept: part I – partial adhesive restorations. Int J Esthet Dent. 2023;18(3):244–265.
  • O´Connor C, Gavriil D. Predictable bonding of adhesive indirect restorations: factors for success. Br Dent J. 2021;231(5):287–293. doi:10.1038/s41415-021-3336-x
  • Cardoso MV, De Almeida Neves A, Mine A, et al. Current aspects on bonding effectiveness and stability in adhesive dentistry. Aust Dent J. 2011;56(1 Suppl):31–44. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2011.01294.x
  • Perdigão J. Current perspectives on dental adhesion: (1) Dentin adhesion – not there yet. Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2020;56(1):190–207. doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.08.004
  • Frencken JE, Peters MC, Manton DJ, Leal SC, Gordan VV, Eden E. Minimal intervention dentistry for managing dental caries – a review Report of a FDI task group *. Int Dent J. 2012;62(5):223–243. doi:10.1111/idj.12007
  • Zhao Z, Wang Q, Zhao J, Zhao B, Ma Z, Zhang C. Adhesion of Teeth. Front Mater. 2021;7:1–11. doi:10.3389/fmats.2020.615225
  • Sofan E, Sofan A, Palaia G, Tenore G, Romeo U, Migliau G. Classification review of dental adhesive systems: from the IV generation to the universal type. Ann Stomatol. 2017;8(1):1–17. doi:10.11138/ads/2017.8.1.001
  • Sebold M, André CB, Sahadi BO, Breschi L, Giannini M. Chronological history and current advancements of dental adhesive systems development: a narrative review. J Adhes Sci Technol. 2021;35(18):1941–1967. doi:10.1080/01694243.2020.1865611
  • Powers JM, Farah J. Technique sensitivity in bonding to enamel and dentin. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2010;31:1–8.
  • Kazak M, Donmez N. Development of dentin bonding systems from past to present. Bezmialem Sci. 2019;7(4):322–330. doi:10.14235/bas.galenos.2019.3102
  • Van Meerbeek B, De Munck J, Yoshida Y, et al. Buonocore memorial lecture. Adhesion to enamel and dentin: current status and future challenges. Oper Dent. 2003;28(3):215–235.
  • Pashley DH, Tay FR, Breschi L, et al. State of the art etch-and-rinse adhesives. Dent Mater. 2011;27(1):1–34. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2010.10.016.State
  • Van Meerbeek B, Yoshihara K, Yoshida Y, Mine A, De Munck J, Van Landuyt KL. State of the art of self-etch adhesives. Dent Mater. 2011;27(1):17–28. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2010.10.023
  • Nagarkar S, Theis-Mahon N, Perdigão J. Universal dental adhesives: current status, laboratory testing, and clinical performance. J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl Biomater. 2019;107(6):2121–2131. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.34305
  • Liu Y, Tjäderhane L, Breschi L, et al. Limitations in bonding to dentin and experimental strategies to prevent bond degradation. J Dent Res. 2011;90(8):953–968. doi:10.1177/0022034510391799
  • Ortiz-Ruiz AJ, de Dios Teruel-Fernández J, Alcolea-Rubio LA, Hernández-Fernández A, Martínez-Beneyto Y, Gispert-Guirado F. Structural differences in enamel and dentin in human, bovine, porcine, and ovine teeth. Ann Anat. 2018;218:7–17. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2017.12.012
  • Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Ruggeri A, Cadenaro M, Di Lenarda R, De Stefano Dorigo E. Dental adhesion review: aging and stability of the bonded interface. Dent Mater. 2008;24(1):90–101. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2007.02.009
  • Vaidyanathan TK, Vaidyanathan J. Recent advances in the theory and mechanism of adhesive resin bonding to dentin: a critical review. J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl Biomater. 2009;88(2):558–578. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.31253
  • Scotti N, Cavalli G, Gagliani M, Breschi L. New adhesives and bonding techniques. Why and when? Int J Esthet Dent. 2017;12(4):524–535.
  • Hashimoto M, Nagano F, Endo K, Ohno H. A review: biodegradation of resin-dentin bonds. Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2011;47(1):5–12. doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2010.02.001
  • Cerci BB, Roman LS, Guariza-Filho O, Camargo ES, Tanaka OM. Dental enamel roughness with different acid etching times: atomic force microscopy study. Eur J Gen Dent. 2012;1(03):187–191. doi:10.4103/2278-9626.105385
  • Perdigão J, Araujo E, Ramos RQ, Gomes G, Pizzolotto L. Adhesive dentistry: current concepts and clinical considerations. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021;33(1):51–68. doi:10.1111/jerd.12692
  • Carvalho RM, Manso AP, Geraldeli S, Tay FR, Pashley DH. Durability of bonds and clinical success of adhesive restorations. Dent Mater. 2012;28(1):72–86. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2011.09.011
  • Perdigão J, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Dentin adhesion and MMPs: a comprehensive review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2013;25(4):219–241. doi:10.1111/jerd.12016
  • Kanca J. Improving bond strength through acid etching of dentin and bonding to wet dentin surfaces. J Am Dent Assoc. 1992;123(9):35–43. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1992.0248
  • Gwinnett A. Moist versus dry dentin: its effect on shear bond strength. Am J Dent. 1992;5(3):127–129.
  • Pereira GDDS, Alexandre L, Paulillo MS, De Goes MF, Dias CTDS. How wet should dentin be? Comparison of methods to remove excess water during moist bonding. J Adhes Dent. 2001;3(3):257–264.
  • Ekambaram M, Yiu CKY, Matinlinna JP. An overview of solvents in resin-dentin bonding. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2015;57:22–33. doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2014.09.007
  • Van Landuyt KL, Snauwaert J, De Munck J, et al. Systematic review of the chemical composition of contemporary dental adhesives. Biomaterials. 2007;28(26):3757–3785. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.04.044
  • Pashley DH, Tay FR, Carvalho RM, et al. From dry bonding to water-wet bonding to ethanol-wet bonding. A review of the interactions between dentin matrix and solvated resins using a macromodel of the hybrid layer. Am J Dent. 2007;20(1):7–20.
  • Tay FR, Gwinnett JA, Wei SHY. Micromorphological spectrum from overdrying to overwetting acid-conditioned dentin in water-free, acetone-based, single-bottle primer/adhesives. Dent Mater. 1996;12(4):236–244. doi:10.1016/S0109-5641(96)80029-7
  • Tay FR, Gwinnett JA, Wei SHY. Relation between water content in acetone/alcohol-based primer and interfacial ultrastructure. J Dent. 1998;26(2):147–156. doi:10.1016/S0300-5712(96)00090-5
  • Cavalheiro A, Cruz J, Sousa B, et al. Dentin adhesives application deviations: effects on permeability and nanoleakage. Dent Mater J. 2021;40(5):1160–1168. doi:10.4012/dmj.2020-404
  • Spreafico D, Semeraro S, Mezzanzanica D, et al. The effect of the air-blowing step on the technique sensitivity of four different adhesive systems. J Dent. 2006;34(3):237–244. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2005.06.004
  • D’Arcangelo C, Vanini L, Prosperi GD, et al. The influence of adhesive thickness on the microtensile bond strength of three adhesive systems. J Adhes Dent. 2009;11(2):109–115. doi:10.3290/j.jad.a15322
  • Loguercio AD, Luque-Martinez I, Muñoz MA, Szesz AL, Cuadros-Sánchez J, Reis A. A comprehensive laboratory screening of three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives. Oper Dent. 2014;39(6):652–662. doi:10.2341/13-236
  • Peumans M, Kanumilli P, De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Clinical effectiveness of contemporary adhesives: a systematic review of current clinical trials. Dent Mater. 2005;21(9):864–881. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2005.02.003
  • Giannini M, Makishi P, Ayres APA, et al. Self-Etch adhesive systems: a literature review. Braz Dent J. 2015;26(1):3–10. doi:10.1590/0103-6440201302442
  • Sato T, Takagaki T, Hatayama T, Nikaido T, Tagami J. Update on Enamel Bonding Strategies. Front Dent Med. 2021;2:1–10. doi:10.3389/fdmed.2021.666379
  • Szesz A, Parreiras S, Reis A, Loguercio A. Selective enamel etching in cervical lesions for self-etch adhesives: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2016;53:1–11. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2016.05.009
  • Koshiro K, Sidhu SK, Inoue S, Ikeda T, Sano H. New concept of resin-dentin interfacial adhesion: the nanointeraction zone. J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl Biomater. 2006;77(2):401–408. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.30450
  • Scholz KJ, Bittner A, Cieplik F, et al. Micromorphology of the adhesive interface of self-adhesive resin cements to enamel and dentin. Materials. 2021;14(3):1–15. doi:10.3390/ma14030492
  • Salz U, Zimmermann J, Zeuner F, Moszner N. Hydrolytic stability of self-etching adhesive systems. J Adhes Dent. 2005;7(2):107–116. doi:10.3290/j.jad.a10282
  • Peumans M, De Munck J, Mine A, Van Meerbeek B. Clinical effectiveness of contemporary adhesives for the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions. A systematic review. Dent Mater. 2014;30(10):1089–1103. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2014.07.007
  • Arandi NZ, Thabet M. The clinical effectiveness of adhesive agents in posterior restorations: which adhesive strategy performs better? J Oral Res Rev. 2021;13(1):65–70. doi:10.4103/jorr.jorr_25_20
  • Perdigão J, Dutra-Corrêa M, Anauate-Netto C, et al. Two-year clinical evaluation of self-etching adhesives in posterior restorations. J Adhes Dent. 2009;11(2):149–159. doi:10.3290/j.jad.a15327
  • Reis A, Leite TM, Matte K, et al. Improving clinical retention of one-step self-etching adhesive systems with an additional hydrophobic adhesive layer. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009;140(7):877–885. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2009.0281
  • Van Landuyt KV, Mine A, de Munck J, et al. Are one-step adhesives easier to use and better performing? Multifactorial assessment of contemporary one-step self-etching adhesives. J Adhes Dent. 2009;11(3):175–190.
  • Sadek FT, Goracci C, Cardoso P, Tay F, Ferarri M. Microtensile bond strength of current dentin adhesives measured immediately and 24 hours after application. J Adhes Dent. 2005;7(4):297–302.
  • Sanares AME, Itthagarun A, King NM, Tay FR, Pashley DH. Adverse surface interactions between one-bottle light-cured adhesives and chemical-cured composites. Dent Mater. 2001;17(6):542–556. doi:10.1016/S0109-5641(01)00016-1
  • Moszner N, Salz U, Zimmermann J. Chemical aspects of self-etching enamel-dentin adhesives: a systematic review. Dent Mater. 2005;21(10):895–910. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2005.05.001
  • Van Landuyt KL, De Munck J, Snauwaert J, et al. Monomer-solvent phase separation in one-step self-etch adhesives. J Dent Res. 2005;84(2):183–188. doi:10.1177/154405910508400214
  • Vanajasan P, Dhakshinamoorthy M, Subba Rao C. Factors affecting the bond strength of self-etch adhesives: a meta-analysis of literature. J Conserv Dent. 2011;14(1):62. doi:10.4103/0972-0707.80746
  • Arandi NZ, Thabet M. Knowledge and Attitudes of Dentists toward Adhesive System Selection: a Cross-sectional Study from Palestine. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2020;10(1):107–115. doi:10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_385_19
  • Tay FR, Frankenberger R, Krejci I, et al. Single-bottle adhesives behave as permeable membranes after polymerization. I. In vivo evidence. J Dent. 2004;32(8):611–621. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2004.04.006
  • da Silva TSP, de Castro RF, Magno MB, Maia LC, Silva e Souza MHD. Do HEMA-free adhesive systems have better clinical performance than HEMA-containing systems in noncarious cervical lesions? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2018;74:1–14. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2018.04.005
  • Tay FR, Suh BI, Pashley DH, Prati C, Chuang S-F, Li F. Factors contributing to the incompatibility between simplified-step adhesives and self-cured or dual-cured composites. Part II. Single-bottle, total-etch adhesive. J Adhes Dent. 2003;5(2):91–105.
  • Suh B, Feng L, Pashley D, Tay F. Factors contributing to the incompatibility between simplified-step adhesives and chemically-cured or dual-cured composites. Part III. Effect of acidic resin monomers. J Adhes Dent. 2003;5(4):267–282.
  • Tay F, Pashley D, Yiu C, Sanares AME, Wei SHY. Factors contributing to the incompatibility between simplified-step adhesives and chemically-cured or dual-cured composites. Part I. Single-step self-etching adhesive. J Adhes Dent. 2003;5(1):27–40.
  • Ozmen B, Koyuturk AE, Tokay U, Cortcu M, Sari ME. Evaluation of bond strength of self-etching adhesives having different pH on primary and permanent teeth dentin. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2015;13(3):e274–e279. doi:10.5301/jabfm.5000234
  • Zecin-Deren A, Lukomska-Szymanska M, Szczesio-Wlodarczyk A, Piwonski I, Sokolowski J, Lapinska B. The influence of application protocol of simplified and universal adhesives on the dentin bonding performance. Appl Sci. 2020;10(1):1–17. doi:10.3390/app10010124
  • Pinna R, Usai P, Arrica M, Milia E. Effectiveness of two self-etchings bonded clinically in caries affected dentin with homogeneous smear layer. J Nanomater. 2015;2015:1–7. doi:10.1155/2015/489183
  • Khoroushi M, Mansoori M. Marginal sealing durability of two contemporary self-etch adhesives. ISRN Dent. 2012;2012:1–8. doi:10.5402/2012/204813
  • Yavuz HF, Eyüboğlu GB. The effect of blood contamination on shear bond strength of calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials. Cumhur Dent J. 2021;24(4):371–385. doi:10.7126/cumudj.1007704
  • Salvio LA, Di Hipólito V, Martins AL, de Goes MF. Hybridization quality and bond strength of adhesive systems according to interaction with dentin. Eur J Dent. 2013;7(3):315–326. doi:10.4103/1305-7456.115416
  • Nicolas-Silvente AI, Nicolas-Silvente AI, Chiva-Garcia F, Sanchez-Perez A. The effect of dental enamel pre-etching for self-etching adhesives according to their primer pH: an in vitro bond strength, etching pattern and adhesive failure evaluation. J Dent Open Access. 2020;2(1):1–7. doi:10.31487/j.jdoa.2020.01.05
  • Huang YH, Wang YL, Lin PY, Lai YJ, Cheng CW, Chiang YC. Dentists’ performance in dentin-composite resin bonding before and after hands-on course learning. J Formos Med Assoc. 2020;119(1):260–267. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2019.05.008
  • Di Francescantonio M, de Oliveira MT, Shinohara MS, Ambrosano GMB, Giannini M. Bond strength evaluation of self-etch and total-etch adhesive systems on intact and ground human enamel. Brazilian J Oral Sci. 2007;6(23):1462–1466.
  • Asande Adebayo O, Francis Burrow M, John Tyas M. Bonding of one-step and two-step self-etching primer adhesives to dentin with different tubule orientations. Acta Odontol Scand. 2008;66(3):159–168. doi:10.1080/00016350802123118
  • Amend S, Frankenberger R, Oschmann T, Lucker S, Winter J, Kramer N. Long- term microtensile bond strength of self- etch adhesives and influence of 7- s phosphoric acid etching on adhesion of a 3- step etch- and- rinse adhesive to the dentine of primary teeth. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2021;32(5):649–659. doi:10.1111/ipd.12943
  • Jamadar A, Vanti A, Uppin V, Pujar M, Ghivari S, Vagarali H. Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of sixth- And seventh-generation bonding agents with varying pH - An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent. 2020;23(2):169–173. doi:10.4103/JCD.JCD_543_19
  • Ulker M, Ulker HE, Karabekiroglu S, Botsali MS, Cetin AR. Effect of alternative modes of application on microleakage of one-step self-etch adhesives. J Dent Sci. 2013;8(4):425–431. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2012.09.017
  • Kim Y-H, Shin D-H. Effect of chlorhexidine application on the bond strength of resin core to axial dentin in endodontic cavity. Restor Dent Endod. 2012;37(4):207. doi:10.5395/rde.2012.37.4.207
  • Poggio C, Beltrami R, Scribante A, Colombo M, Chiesa M. Shear bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives: pH influence. Dent Res J. 2015;12(3):209–214.
  • Sabatini C. Effect of phosphoric acid etching on the shear bond strength of two self-etch adhesives. J Appl Oral Sci. 2013;21(1):56–62. doi:10.1590/1678-7757201302370
  • Costa DM, Somacal DC, Borges GA, Spohr AM. Bond capability of universal adhesive systems to dentin in self-etch mode after short-term storage and cyclic loading. Open Dent J. 2017;11(1):276–283. doi:10.2174/1874210601711010276
  • Siqueira FSF, Cardenas AM, Ocampo JB, et al. Bonding performance of universal adhesives to eroded dentin. J Adhes Dent. 2018;20(2):121–132. doi:10.3290/j.jad.a40300
  • Malaquias P, Gutiérrez MF, Sutil E, et al. Universal adhesives and dual-cured core buildup composite material: adhesive properties. J Appl Oral Sci. 2020;28:1–15. doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0121
  • Papadogiannis D, Dimitriadi M, Zafiropoulou M, Gaintantzopoulou MD, Eliades G. Universal adhesives: setting characteristics and reactivity with dentin. Materials. 2019;12(10):1720. doi:10.3390/MA12101720
  • Shioya Y, Tichy A, Yonekura K, et al. Sodium p-toluenesulfinate enhances the bonding durability of universal adhesives on deproteinized eroded dentin. Polymers. 2021;13(22):1–11. doi:10.3390/polym13223901
  • Cuevas-Suárez CE, da Rosa WLO, Lund RG, da Silva AF, Piva E. Bonding performance of universal adhesives: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adhes Dent. 2019;21(1):7–26. doi:10.3290/j.jad.a41975
  • Hardan L, Bourgi R, Cuevas-Suárez CE, et al. The bond strength and antibacterial activity of the universal dentin bonding system: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Microorganisms. 2021;9(6):1230. doi:10.3390/microorganisms9061230
  • Cavalheiro A, Cruz J, Sousa B, et al. Effect of application deviations on dentin sealing of a universal adhesive: permeability and nanoleakage. Eur J Dent. 2023;17(1):242–249. doi:10.1055/s-0042-1745767
  • Takamizawa T, Yokoyama M, Sai K, et al. Effect of adhesive application method on the enamel bond durability of a two-step adhesive system utilizing a universal adhesive-derived primer. Appl Sci. 2021;11(16):1–18. doi:10.3390/app11167675
  • Kamel M, Mehena M, Soliman Z. The impact of application mode of three universal adhesives with different chemical compositions and curing techniques on their micro shear bond strength to dentin. Egypt Dent J. 2022;68(4):3783–3791. doi:10.21608/edj.2022.161374.2249
  • Staxrud F, Valen H. Potential of «universal» bonding agents for composite repair. Biomater Investig Dent. 2022;9(1):41–46. doi:10.1080/26415275.2022.2073234
  • Stape THS, Tulkki O, Salim IA, Jamal KN, Mutluay MM, Tezvergil-Mutluay A. Composite repair: on the fatigue strength of universal adhesives. Dent Mater. 2022;38(2):231–241. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.003
  • Demirel G, Kaya Demirsoy FF, Irmak Ö. Cytotoxicity evaluation of eluates from universal adhesives by real-time cell analysis. Dent Mater J. 2020;39(5):815–824. doi:10.4012/dmj.2019-221
  • Ugurlu M. Effect of the double application of universal adhesives on the dentine bond strength after radiotherapy. Aust Dent J. 2020;65(3):181–188. doi:10.1111/adj.12744
  • Yuan Y, Intajak P, Islam R, et al. Effect of sodium hypochlorite on bonding performance of universal adhesives to pulp chamber dentin. J Dent Sci. 2023;18(3):1116–1124. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2022.11.007
  • Garcia RN, de Araújo Neto VG, Silva CR, Miguel LCM, Giannini M. Microshear bond strength of universal adhesives to enamel and dentin: an eighteen-month in vitro study. Brazilian Dent Sci. 2021;24(4):1–9. doi:10.4322/BDS.2021.E2791
  • Alex G. Universal adhesives: the next evolution in adhesive dentistry? Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2015;36(1):15–26.
  • Yoshida Y, Nagakane K, Fukuda R, et al. Comparative study on adhesive performance of functional monomers. J Dent Res. 2004;83(6):454–458. doi:10.1177/154405910408300604
  • Yoshihara K, Nagaoka N, Okihara T, et al. Functional monomer impurity affects adhesive performance. Dent Mater. 2015;31(12):1493–1501. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.019
  • Lima RBW, Silva AF, da Rosa WL, Piva E, Duarte RM, De Souza GM. Bonding efficacy of universal resin adhesives to zirconia substrates: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adhes Dent. 2023;25(1):51–62. doi:10.3290/J.JAD.B3868649
  • Dos Santos RA, de Lima EA, Mendonça LS, et al. Can universal adhesive systems bond to zirconia? J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31(6):589–594. doi:10.1111/jerd.12521
  • Pereira LL, Campos F, Dal Piva AMO, Gondim LD, Souza ROA, Özcan M. Can application of universal primers alone be a substitute for airborne-particle abrasion to improve adhesion of resin cement to zirconia? J Adhes Dent. 2015;17(2). doi:10.3290/J.JAD.A33974
  • Amaral M, Belli R, Cesar PF, Valandro LF, Petschelt A, Lohbauer U. The potential of novel primers and universal adhesives to bond to zirconia. J Dent. 2014;42(1):90–98. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2013.11.004
  • Makishi P, André CB, Silva JPLE, Bacelar-Sá R, Correr-Sobrinho L, Giannini M. Effect of storage time on bond strength performance of multimode adhesives to indirect resin composite and lithium disilicate glass ceramic. Oper Dent. 2016;41(5):541–551. doi:10.2341/15-187-L
  • Lima RBW, de Muniz IAF, Campos DES, et al. Effect of universal adhesives and self-etch ceramic primers on bond strength to glass ceramics: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Prosthet Dent. 2022. doi:10.1016/J.PROSDENT.2022.01.011
  • Kim YR, Kim JH, Son SA, Park JK. Effect of silane-containing universal adhesives on the bonding strength of lithium disilicate. Materials. 2021;14(14):1–11. doi:10.3390/ma14143976
  • Kalavacharla VK, Lawson NC, Ramp LC, Burgess JO. Influence of etching protocol and silane treatment with a universal adhesive on lithium disilicate bond strength. Oper Dent. 2015;40(4):372–378. doi:10.2341/14-116-L
  • Gutiérrez MF, Sutil E, Malaquias P, et al. Effect of self-curing activators and curing protocols on adhesive properties of universal adhesives bonded to dual-cured composites. Dent Mater. 2017;33(7):775–787. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.005
  • Tichý A, Hosaka K, Tagami J. Universal adhesives - A new direction in the development of adhesive systems. Czech Dent J. 2020;1:4–12.
  • Dimitriadi M, Panagiotopoulou A, Pelecanou M, Yannakopoulou K, Eliades G. Stability and reactivity of γ-ΜPTMS silane in some commercial primer and adhesive formulations. Dent Mater. 2018;34(8):1089–1101. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2018.05.006
  • Yao C, Yu J, Wang Y, Tang C, Huang C. Acidic pH weakens the bonding effectiveness of silane contained in universal adhesives. Dent Mater. 2018;34(5):809–818. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2018.02.004
  • Moro AFV, Ramos AB, Rocha GM, Perez CDR. Effect of prior silane application on the bond strength of a universal adhesive to a lithium disilicate ceramic. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;118(5):666–671. doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.12.021
  • Yoshihara K, Nagaoka N, Sonoda A, et al. Effectiveness and stability of silane coupling agent incorporated in “universal” adhesives. Dent Mater. 2016;32(10):1218–1225. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2016.07.002
  • Iliev G, Hardan L, Kassis C, et al. Shelf life and storage conditions of universal adhesives: a literature review. Polymers. 2021;13(16):2708. doi:10.3390/polym13162708
  • Münchow EA, Zanchi CH, Ogliari FA, Silva MG, de Oliveira IR, Piva E. Replacing HEMA with alternative dimethacrylates in dental adhesive systems: evaluation of polymerization kinetics and physicochemical properties. J Adhes Dent. 2014;16(3):221–228. doi:10.3290/j.jad.a31811
  • Hurtado A, Fuentes V, Cura M, Tamayo A, Ceballos L. Long-Term In Vitro Adhesive Properties of Two Universal Adhesives to Dentin. Materials. 2023;16(9):1–12. doi:10.3390/ma16093458
  • Takamizawa T, Barkmeier WW, Tsujimoto A, et al. Influence of different etching modes on bond strength and fatigue strength to dentin using universal adhesive systems. Dent Mater. 2016;32(2):e9–e21. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.005
  • Chen C, Niu LN, Xie H, et al. Bonding of universal adhesives to dentine--Old wine in new bottles? J Dent. 2015;43(5):525–536. doi:10.1016/J.JDENT.2015.03.004
  • Salem AA, Nassif MS, El-Korashy DI. Durability of bond strength to dentin using two universal adhesives in different etching modes. Brazilian J Oral Sci. 2021;20:1–15. doi:10.20396/bjos.v20i00.8660445
  • Triani F, Pereira da Silva L, Ferreira Lemos B, Domingues J, Teixeira L, Manarte-Monteiro P. Universal adhesives: evaluation of the relationship between bond strength and application strategies—a systematic review and meta-analyses. Coatings. 2022;12(10):1–16. doi:10.3390/coatings12101501
  • Da Rosa WLDO, Piva E, Da Silva AF. Bond strength of universal adhesives: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2015;43(7):765–776. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2015.04.003
  • Zhu JJ, Tang ATH, Matinlinna JP, Hägg U. Acid etching of human enamel in clinical applications: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2014;112(2):122–135. doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.08.024
  • Fallahzadeh F, Atai M, Ghasemi S, Mahdkhah A. Effect of rinsing time and surface contamination on the bond strength of silorane-based and dimethacrylate-based composites to enamel. J Clin Exp Dent. 2018;10(11):e1115. doi:10.4317/jced.55148
  • Carvalho CN, Lanza MDS, Dourado LG, Carvalho EM, Bauer J. Impact of solvent evaporation and curing protocol on degree of conversion of Etch-and-Rinse and multimode adhesives systems. Int J Dent. 2019;2019:1–6. doi:10.1155/2019/5496784
  • Awad MM, Alrahlah A, Matinlinna JP, Hamama HH. Effect of adhesive air-drying time on bond strength to dentin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2019;90:154–162. doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2019.02.006
  • Hardan L, Bourgi R, Cuevas-Suárez CE, et al. Effect of different application modalities on the bonding performance of adhesive systems to dentin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cells. 2023;12(1):1–22. doi:10.3390/cells12010190
  • Fujiwara S, Takamizawa T, Barkmeier WW, et al. Effect of double-layer application on bond quality of adhesive systems. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2018;77:501–509. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.10.008
  • Choi C-K, Son S-A, J-H H, et al. Influence of application methods of one-step self-etching adhesives on microtensile bond strength. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2011;36(3):203. doi:10.5395/jkacd.2011.36.3.203