Outcomes and Predictors of Severe Community-acquired Pneumonia Among Adults Admitted to the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A Prospective Follow-up Study

References

• Somberg J. Harrisons Princiole of Internal Medicine. 20th ed. LWW; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Ramirez JA. Overview of community-acquired pneumonia in adults; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Ewig S, Welte T, Chastre J, Torres A. Rethinking the concepts of community-acquired and health-care-associated pneumonia. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(4):279–287. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70032-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohte R, van Furth R, van den Broek PJ. Aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective study among adults requiring admission to hospital. Thorax. 1995;50(5):543–547. doi:10.1136/thx.50.5.543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanks CW, Musani AI, Hsia DW. Community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Med Clin. 2019;103(3):487–501. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2018.12.008
   Google Scholar
• Shoar S, Musher DM. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a systematic review. Pneumonia. 2020;12(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s41479-020-00074-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewig S, Schafer H, Torres A. Severity assessment in community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2000;16(6):1193–1201. doi:10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.16f27.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li HY, Guo Q, Song WD, et al. Modified IDSA/ATS minor criteria for severe community-acquired pneumonia best predicted mortality. Medicine. 2015;94:36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira-Coimbra J, Sarda C, Rello J. Burden of community-acquired pneumonia and unmet clinical needs. Adv Ther. 2020;2020:1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Heo JY, Seo YB, Jeong HW, et al. Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of extended serotype-covering multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Vaccine. 2020;38(49):7747–7755. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aston R, Rylance J. Community-acquired pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine; 2016: Georg Thieme Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2095–2128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2197–2223. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peyrani P, Arnold FW, Bordon J, et al. Incidence and mortality of adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia according to clinical course. Chest. 2020;157(1):34–41. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2019.09.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Vidal C, Fernández-Sabé N, Carratalà J, et al. Early mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: causes and risk factors. Eur Respir J. 2008;32(3):733–739. doi:10.1183/09031936.00128107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsener C, Beeler PE, Battegay E, Bello B, Thienemann F. Risk factors of in-hospital mortality in patients treated for pneumonia at a tertiary care centre in Switzerland. Respiration. 2020;99(8):637–645. doi:10.1159/000508666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomsen RW, Kasatpibal N, Riis A, Nørgaard M, Sørensen HT. The impact of pre-existing heart failure on pneumonia prognosis: population-based cohort study. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(9):1407–1413. doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0672-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumbus Z, Matics R, Hegyi P, et al. Fever is associated with reduced, hypothermia with increased mortality in septic patients: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0170152. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iqbal N, Irfan M, Siddique F, Arshad V, Zubairi ABS. Factors predicting in‐hospital mortality among patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia at a tertiary care hospital Karachi, Pakistan. Clin Respir J. 2020;14(4):328–334. doi:10.1111/crj.13137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han X, Liu X, Chen L, et al. Disease burden and prognostic factors for clinical failure in elderly community acquired pneumonia patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):1–9. doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05362-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalil R, Sinno L, HJJoR R, Disorders H. Outcome of hospitalized pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. J Ren Nutr Dis. 2022;6(1):17–23. doi:10.15586/jrenhep.v6i1.132
   Google Scholar
• Fenta T, Engidawork E, Amogne W, Berha AB. Evaluation of current practice of antimicrobial use and clinical outcome of patients with pneumonia at a tertiary care hospital in Ethiopia: a prospective observational study. PLoS One. 2020;15(1):e0227736. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett JG, Mundy LM. Community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1995;333(24):1618–1624. doi:10.1056/NEJM199512143332408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isturiz RE, Luna CM, Ramirez J. Clinical and economic burden of pneumonia among adults in Latin America. Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14(10):e852–e6. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene DN, McPherson GW, Rongitsch J, et al. Hematology reference intervals for transgender adults on stable hormone therapy. Clin Chim Acta. 2019;492:84–90. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kratz A, Ferraro M, Sluss PM, Lewandrowski KB. Normal reference laboratory values. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(15):1548–1563. doi:10.1056/NEJMcpc049016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellett J. The assessment and interpretation of vital signs. In: Textbook of Rapid Response Systems. Springer; 2017:63–85.
   Google Scholar
• Reade MC, Weissfeld L, Angus DC, Kellum JA, Milbrandt EB. The prevalence of anemia and its association with 90-day mortality in hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia. BMC Pulm Med. 2010;10(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/1471-2466-10-15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elshamly M, Nour MO, Omar AM. Clinical presentations and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia. J Chest Dis Tuberc. 2016;65(4):831–839. doi:10.1016/j.ejcdt.2016.06.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pereira J, Paiva J, Baptista J, Froes F, Gonçalves-Pereira JJCC. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Crit Care. 2012;16(1):1–189.
   Google Scholar
• Sirvent JM, de la Torre MC, Lorencio C, et al. Predictive factors of mortality in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a model with data on the first 24 h of ICU admission. Med Intensiva. 2013;37(5):308–315. doi:10.1016/j.medin.2013.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balakrishnan I, Crook P, Morris R, Gillespie S. Early predictors of mortality in pneumococcal bacteraemia. Int J Infect. 2000;40(3):256–261. doi:10.1053/jinf.2000.0653
   Google Scholar
• Xu L, Ying S, Hu J, et al. Pneumonia in patients with cirrhosis: risk factors associated with mortality and predictive value of prognostic models. Respir Res. 2018;19(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/s12931-018-0934-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ito A, Ishida T, Tokumasu H, et al. Prognostic factors in hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective study of a prospective observational cohort. BMC Pulm Med. 2017;17(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s12890-017-0424-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar