Colonization Rate and Associated Factors of Non-Pathogenic Neisseria Species, and Moraxella catarrhalis Among Healthy School Children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

References

• Liu G, Tang CM, Exley RM. Non-pathogenic Neisseria: members of an abundant, multi-habitat, diverse genus. Microbiology. 2015;161(7):1297–1312. doi:10.1099/mic.0.000086
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark SEJ. Commensal bacteria in the upper respiratory tract regulate susceptibility to infection. Curr Opin Immunol. 2020;66:42–49. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2020.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baerentsen R, Tang CM, Exley RM. Et tu, Neisseria? Conflicts of interest between Neisseria species. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;2022:846.
   Google Scholar
• Evans CM, Pratt CB, Matheson M, et al. Nasopharyngeal colonization by Neisseria lactamica and induction of protective immunity against Neisseria meningitidis. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(1):70–77. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazdankhah SP, Caugant DA. Neisseria meningitidis: an overview of the carriage state. J Med Microbiol. 2004;53(9):821–832. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.45529-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamorro G, Ibarz-Pavon AB, Kawabata A, et al. Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and other Neisseria species among children and young adults in Paraguay. J Med Microbiol. 2019;68(12):1793–1801. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.001097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett JS, Bentley SD, Vernikos GS, et al. Independent evolution of the core and accessory gene sets in the genus Neisseria: insights gained from the genome of Neisseria lactamica isolate 020-06. BMC Genom. 2010;11(1):1–14. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-652
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pourmand M, Sadighian H, Abdossamdi Z. Frequency of pharyngeal Neisseria carriage among 10–12 years old pupils in Tehran, Iran. J Gorgan Univ Medl Sci. 2011;13(3):72–77.
   Google Scholar
• Finney M, Vaughan T, Taylor S, et al. Characterization of the key antigenic components and pre-clinical immune responses to a meningococcal disease vaccine based on Neisseria lactamica outer membrane vesicles. Hum Vaccin. 2008;4(1):23–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goytia M, Thompson ST, Jordan SV, King KAJA. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of human commensal Neisseria species. Antibiotics. 2021;10(5):538. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10050538
   Google Scholar
• Chen M, Zhang C, Zhang X, Chen MJA. Meningococcal quinolone resistance originated from several commensal Neisseria species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020;64(2):e01494–19. doi:10.1128/AAC.01494-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Y, Chen MJ. Prevalence, sequence type, and quinolone resistance of Neisseria lactamica carried in children younger than 15 years in Shanghai, China. J Infect. 2020;80(1):61–68. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2019.08.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clemence MEA, Maiden MCJ, Harrison OB. Characterization of capsule genes in non-pathogenic Neisseria species. Microb Genom. 2018;4(9):1. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorey RB, Theodosiou AA, Read RC, Jones CEJ. The nonpathogenic commensal Neisseria: friends and foes in infectious disease. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2019;32(5):490–496. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhaegh SJ, Snippe ML, Levy F, et al. Colonization of healthy children by Moraxella catarrhalis is characterized by genotype heterogeneity, virulence gene diversity and co-colonization with Haemophilus influenzae. Microbiology. 2011;157(1):169–178. doi:10.1099/mic.0.042929-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Amatya N, Paudel G, Saud B, Wagle S, Shrestha V, Adhikari BJIP. Prevalence of Moraxella Catarrhalis as a nasal flora among healthy Kindergarten children in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2022;2022:1. doi:10.1155/2022/3989781
   Google Scholar
• Population EOOT, Commission HC. Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census: Population Size by Age and Sex. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Population Census Commission; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Rushing JM. Young Children in Foster Care: A Phenomenological Study of Early Childhood Teachers’ Experiences. Florida Atlantic University; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Jama WM. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;310(20):2191–2194.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett JS, Griffiths DT, McCarthy ND, et al. Genetic diversity and carriage dynamics of Neisseria lactamica in infants. Infect Immun. 2005;73(4):2424–2432. doi:10.1128/IAI.73.4.2424-2432.2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everts RJ, Speers D, George ST, Ansell BJ, Karunajeewa H, Ramos RD. Neisseria lactamica arthritis and septicemia complicating myeloma. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(6):2318. doi:10.1128/JCM.02132-09
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebastian S, Badahdah A-M, Khatami A, Rashid H. Meningococcal disease during Hajj, Umrah, and other mass gatherings. In: Handbook of Healthcare in the Arab World. Springer; 2021:1289–1309.
   Google Scholar
• Sommerstein R, Ramsay D, Dubuis O, Waser S, Aebersold F, Vogt MJI. Fatal Neisseria sicca endocarditis. Infection. 2013;41(3):747–749. doi:10.1007/s15010-012-0393-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeurissen A, Stroy J, Wielenga R, Andriesse GJA. Severe infective endocarditis due to Neisseria sicca: case report and review of literature. Acta Clin Belg. 2006;61(5):256–258. doi:10.1179/acb.2006.043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozlova A, Palazzolo L, Michael AJ. Neisseria sicca: a rare cause of bacterial conjunctivitis. Am J Case Rep. 2020;21:e923135–1. doi:10.12659/AJCR.923135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhaegh SJ, Schaar V, Su YC, Riesbeck K, Hays JP. Moraxella catarrhalis. In: Molecular Medical Microbiology. Elsevier; 2015:1565–1586.
   Google Scholar
• Sheikhi R, Amin M, Rostami S, Shoja S, Ebrahimi N. Oropharyngeal colonization with Neisseria lactamica, other nonpathogenic Neisseria species and Moraxella catarrhalis among young healthy children in Ahvaz, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbio. 2015;8(3):1. doi:10.5812/jjm.14813
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahimzad A, Karimi B, Malekan MA, et al. Prevalence of variant bacteria in oropharyngeal colonization of Iranian children. Iran J Clin Infect Dis. 2008;3(1):25–28.
   Google Scholar
• de Vries SP, van Hijum SA, Schueler W, et al. Genome analysis of Moraxella catarrhalis strain RH4, a human respiratory tract pathogen. J Bacteriol. 2010;192(14):3574–3583. doi:10.1128/JB.00121-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diallo K, Trotter C, Timbine Y, et al. Pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria species in the African meningitis belt. J Infect. 2016;72(6):667–677. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2016.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadayifci EK, Merdan DG, Soysal A, et al. Prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis carriage: a small-scale survey in Istanbul, Turkey. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2016;10(04):413–417. doi:10.3855/jidc.7483
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Díaz J, Cárcamo M, Seoane M, et al. Prevalence of meningococcal carriage in children and adolescents aged 10–19 years in Chile in 2013. J Infect Public Health. 2016;9(4):506–515. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2015.12.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laver JR, Hughes SE, Read RC. Neisserial molecular adaptations to the nasopharyngeal niche. Adv Microb Physiol. 2015;66:323–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marri PR, Paniscus M, Weyand NJ, et al. Genome sequencing reveals widespread virulence gene exchange among human Neisseria species. PLoS One. 2010;5(7):e11835. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristiansen PA, Diomandé F, Ouédraogo R, et al. Carriage of Neisseria lactamica in 1-to 29-year-old people in Burkina Faso: epidemiology and molecular characterization. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(12):4020–4027. doi:10.1128/JCM.01717-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold R, Goldschneider I, Lepow ML, Draper TF, Randolph M. Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica in infants and children. J Infect Dis. 1978;137(2):112–121. doi:10.1093/infdis/137.2.112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moura ARSS, Kretz CB, Ferreira ÍE, et al. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Neisseria lactamica carried in 11–19 years old students in Salvador. Brazil. 2018;308(4):454–458.
   Google Scholar
• Ramadan M, Ibrahim IS, Shaheen A, Ali W. Significance of Moraxella catarrhalis as a causative organism of lower respiratory tract infections. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc. 2017;66(3):459–464. doi:10.1016/j.ejcdt.2016.05.011
   Google Scholar
• Navne J, Børresen M, Slotved H, et al. Nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in young children in Greenland: a population at high risk of respiratory infections. Epidemiol Infect. 2016;144(15):3226–3236. doi:10.1017/S0950268816001461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakhshaee M, Naderi HR, Ghazvini K, Sotoudeh K, Amali A, Ashtiani SJ. Passive smoking and nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in daycare children. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;269(4):1127–1132. doi:10.1007/s00405-011-1811-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris DE, Osman KL, Cleary DW, Clarke SC. The characterization of Moraxella catarrhalis carried in the general population. Microb Genom. 2022;8(5):820. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000820
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar