Risk of Bacterial Exposure to the Anesthesiologist’s Face During Intubation and Extubation

References

• Vijendren A, Yung M, Sanchez J. Occupational health issues amongst UK doctors: a literature review. Occup Med. 2015;65(7):519–528. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqv088
   Google Scholar
• Roberge RJ. Face shields for infection control: a review. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2016;13(4):235–242. doi:10.1080/15459624.2015.1095302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L. 2007 Guideline for isolation precautions: preventing transmission of infectious agents in health care settings. Am J Infect Control. 2007;35(10 Suppl 2):S65–164. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2007.10.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsley WG, Noti JD, Blachere FM, Szalajda JV, Beezhold DH. Efficacy of face shields against cough aerosol droplets from a cough simulator. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2014;11(8):509–518. doi:10.1080/15459624.2013.877591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenland KB, Tsui D, Goodyear P, Irwin MG. Personal protection equipment for biological hazards: does it affect tracheal intubation performance? Resuscitation. 2007;74(1):119–126. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.11.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim DD, Kimura A Jr, Pontes DKL, Oliveira MLS, Cumino DO. Evaluation of anesthesiologists’ knowledge about occupational health: pilot study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2018;18(1):193. doi:10.1186/s12871-018-0661-y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tait AR, Tuttle DB. Preventing perioperative transmission of infection: a survey of anesthesiology practice. Anesth Analg. 1995;80(4):764–769. doi:10.1097/00000539-199504000-00020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston ER, Habib-Bein N, Dueker JM, et al. Risk of bacterial exposure to the endoscopist’s face during endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2019;89(4):818–824. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2018.10.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown J, Gregson FKA, Shrimpton A, et al. A quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during tracheal intubation and extubation. Anaesthesia. 2021;76(2):174–181. doi:10.1111/anae.15292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhillon RS, Rowin WA, Humphries RS, et al. Aerosolisation during tracheal intubation and extubation in an operating theatre setting. Anaesthesia. 2021;76(2):182–188. doi:10.1111/anae.15301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oksanen LM, Sanmark E, Sofieva S, et al. Aerosol generation during general anesthesia is comparable to coughing: an observational clinical study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2022;66(4):463–472. doi:10.1111/aas.14022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanmark E, Oksanen LAH, Rantanen N, et al. Aerosol generation during coughing - an observational study. J Laryngol Otol. 2022;137:442–447. doi:10.1017/s0022215122001165.1-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansson L, Akel Y, Eriksson R, Lavander M, Hedman J. Impact of swab material on microbial surface sampling. J Microbiol Methods. 2020;176:106006. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies CG, Khan MN, Ghauri AS, Ranaboldo CJ. Blood and body fluid splashes during surgery--The need for eye protection and masks. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2007;89(8):770–772. doi:10.1308/003588407X209301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endo S, Kanemitsu K, Ishii H, et al. Risk of facial splashes in four major surgical specialties in a multicentre study. J Hosp Infect. 2007;67(1):56–61. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2007.05.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson NM, Marks GB, Eckhardt A, et al. The effect of respiratory activity, non-invasive respiratory support and facemasks on aerosol generation and its relevance to COVID-19. Anaesthesia. 2021;76(11):1465–1474. doi:10.1111/anae.15475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton FW, Gregson FKA, Arnold DT, et al. Aerosol emission from the respiratory tract: an analysis of aerosol generation from oxygen delivery systems. Thorax. 2022;77(3):276–282. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nestor CC, Wang S, Irwin MG. Are tracheal intubation and extubation aerosol-generating procedures? Anaesthesia. 2021;76(2):151–155. doi:10.1111/anae.15328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelley KH, Haddadin AS. Is Helicobacter pylori infection an occupational hazard for anesthesiologists? Anesth Analg. 1998;87(4):973–974. doi:10.1213/00000539-199810000-00042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volquind D, Bagatini A, Carneiro Monteiro GM, Londero JR, Benvenutti GD. Occupational hazards and diseases related to the practice of anesthesiology. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2013;63(2):227–232. doi:10.1016/S0034-7094(13)70221-6
   Google Scholar
• Park SY, Kim SH, Lee SJ, et al. Application of triamcinolone acetonide paste to the endotracheal tube reduces postoperative sore throat: a randomized controlled trial. Can J Anaesth. 2011;58(5):436–442. doi:10.1007/s12630-011-9478-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang SS, Wang NN, Postonogova T, et al. Intravenous lidocaine to prevent postoperative airway complications in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2020;124(3):314–323. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2019.11.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neelakanta G, Miller J. Minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane for tracheal extubation in deeply anesthetized children. Anesthesiology. 1994;80(4):811–813. doi:10.1097/00000542-199404000-00013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee B, Lee JR, Na S. Targeting smooth emergence: the effect site concentration of remifentanil for preventing cough during emergence during propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia for thyroid surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2009;102(6):775–778. doi:10.1093/bja/aep090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HY, Kim JY, Ahn SH, Lee SY, Park HY, Kwak HJ. Predicting effective remifentanil concentration in 95% of patients to prevent emergence cough after laryngomicroscopic surgery. Medicine. 2018;97(26):e11258. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000011258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L. The healthcare infection control practices advisory committee, 2007 guideline for isolation precautions: preventing transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings; 2022. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/isolation/index.html. Accessed March 30, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Standard precautions for the prevention and control of infections: aide-memoire. Available from: who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-UHL-IHS-IPC-2022.1. Accessed March 30, 2023.
   Google Scholar