Development and Validation of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for Community Pharmacy Personnel in Tuberculosis Case Detection, Drug Monitoring, and Education: A Study from Indonesia

References

• World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2022. World Health Organization; 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Lestari BW, McAllister S, Hadisoemarto PF, et al. Patient pathways and delays to diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in an urban setting in Indonesia. Lancet Reg Heal. 2020;5:100059. doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100059
   Google Scholar
• Surya A, Setyaningsih B, Suryani Nasution H, et al. Quality tuberculosis care in Indonesia: using patient pathway analysis to optimize public-private collaboration. J Infect Dis. 2017;216(Suppl_7):S724–S732. doi:10.1093/infdis/jix379
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lönnroth K, Uplekar M, Blanc L. Hard gains through soft contracts: productive engagement of private providers in tuberculosis control. Bull World Health Organ. 2006;84(11):876–883. doi:10.2471/BLT.06.029983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daftary A, Jha N, Pai M. Enhancing the role of pharmacists in the cascade of tuberculosis care. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2016;7(1):1–4. doi:10.1016/J.JEGH.2016.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiwuwa MS, Charles K, Harriet MK, Karaarslan K. Patient and health service delay in pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending a referral hospital: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2005;5:5. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-5-122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreeramareddy CT, Qin ZZ, Satyanarayana S, Subbaraman R, Pai M. Delays in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in India: a systematic review. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014;18(3):255–266. doi:10.5588/IJTLD.13.0585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satyanarayana S, Kwan A, Daniels B, et al. Use of standardised patients to assess antibiotic dispensing for tuberculosis by pharmacies in urban India: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(11):1261–1268. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30215-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zawahir S, Le H, Nguyen TA, et al. Standardised patient study to assess tuberculosis case detection within the private pharmacy sector in Vietnam. BMJ Glob Heal. 2021;6(10):e006475. doi:10.1136/BMJGH-2021-006475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradipta IS, Idrus LR, Probandari A, et al. Barriers and strategies to successful tuberculosis treatment in a high-burden tuberculosis setting: a qualitative study from the patient’s perspective. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1–12. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12005-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradipta IS, Idrus LR, Probandari A, et al. Barriers to optimal tuberculosis treatment services at community health centers: a qualitative study from a high prevalent tuberculosis country. Front Pharmacol. 2022;1:936. doi:10.3389/FPHAR.2022.857783
   Google Scholar
• García PJ, Hernández-Córdova G, Pourjavaheri P, Gómez-Paredes HJ, Sudar S, Bayer AM. Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to tuberculosis in pharmacy workers in a cross-sectional survey in El Agustino, Peru. PLoS One. 2018;13(7):1–11. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196648
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mustafa T, Shahzad Y, Kiani A. A survey of knowledge, attitude, and practices of private retail pharmacies staff in tuberculosis care: study from Dera Ismail Khan City, Pakistan. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2018;11(1):1–7. doi:10.1186/s40545-018-0134-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramadhany S, Achmad H, Singgih MF, Ramadhany YF, Inayah NH, Mutmainnah N. A review: knowledge and attitude of society toward tuberculosis disease in soppeng district. Syst Rev Pharm. 2020;11(5):57–62. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.10
   Google Scholar
• Daftary A, Satyanarayana S, Jha N, et al. Can community pharmacists improve tuberculosis case finding? A mixed methods intervention study in India. BMJ Glob Heal. 2019;4(3):e001417. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priyandani Y, Rahem A, Djunaedi M, Athiyah U, Qomaruddin MB. Pharmacist’s knowledge of pulmonary tuberculosis in a cross sectional survey at primary health care centers in Surabaya, Indonesia. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol. 2019;13(4):1547–1550. doi:10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00522.X
   Google Scholar
• Jiang H, Zhang S, Ding Y, et al. Development and validation of college students’ tuberculosis knowledge, attitudes and practices questionnaire (CS-TBKAPQ). BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4960-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fan Y, Zhang S, Li Y, et al. Development and psychometric testing of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) questionnaire among student Tuberculosis (TB) Patients (STBP-KAPQ) in China. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3122-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guadagnoli E, Velicer WF. Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychol Bull. 1988;103(2):265–275. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boateng GO, Neilands TB, Frongillo EA, Melgar-Quiñonez HR, Young SL. Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer. Front Public Heal. 2018;6(June):1–18. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World Health Organization. A Guide to Developing Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Surveys. World Health Organization Press; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health The Repuclic of Indonesia. National Guidelines for Medical Service. Management of Tuberculosis; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Michie S, Johnston M, Abraham C, Lawton R, Parker D, Walker A. Making psychological theory useful for implementing evidence based practice: a consensus approach. Qual Saf Heal Care. 2005;14(1):26–33. doi:10.1136/qshc.2004.011155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigenschow A, Edoa JR, Adegbite BR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis amongst healthcare workers in Moyen-Ogooué Province, Gabon. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):1–7. doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06225-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noé A, Ribeiro RM, Anselmo R, et al. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis care among health workers in Southern Mozambique. BMC Pulm Med. 2017;17(1):1–7. doi:10.1186/s12890-016-0344-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumar G SP A, P S. A cross sectional study on knowledge, attitude and practice towards tuberculosis among health care workers. Int J Pharm Sci. 2019;10(4):2632–2646. doi:10.26452/ijrps.v10i4.1521
   Google Scholar
• Andrade C, Menon V, Ameen S, Kumar Praharaj S. Designing and conducting knowledge, attitude, and practice surveys in psychiatry: practical guidance. Indian J Psychol Med. 2020;42(5):478–481. doi:10.1177/0253717620946111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rossiter JR. Content validity of measures of abstract constructs in management and organizational research. Br J Manag. 2008;19(4):380–388. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8551.2008.00587.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynn MR. Determination and quantification of content validity. Nurs Res. 1986;35(6):382–386. doi:10.1097/00006199-198611000-00017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johari J, Sahari J, Abd Wahab D, et al. Difficulty index of examinations and their relation to the achievement of programme outcomes. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2011;18:71–80. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.05.011
   Google Scholar
• Perneger TV, Courvoisier DS, Hudelson PM, Gayet-Ageron A. Sample size for pre-tests of questionnaires. Qual Life Res. 2015;24(1):147–151. doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0752-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artino AR, La Rochelle JS, Dezee KJ, Gehlbach H. Developing questionnaires for educational research: AMEE Guide No. 87. Med Teach. 2014;36(6):463–474. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2014.889814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathur B, Kaushik M. Data analysis of students marks with descriptive statistics object oriented system view project. Int J Recent Innov Trends Comput Commun. 2014;2:1188–1191.
   Google Scholar
• Maharajan MK, Rajiah K, Belotindos JAS, Basa MS. Social determinants predicting the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women toward zika virus infection. Front Public Heal. 2020;8(June):1–9. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00170
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luba TR, Tang S, Liu Q, Gebremedhin SA, Kisasi MD, Feng Z. Knowledge, attitude and associated factors towards tuberculosis in Lesotho: a population based study. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3688-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khairunnisa NA, Nasution A. Pharmacists’ perception about their roles in tuberculosis control program in Medan, Indonesia. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2017;10(4):256–258. doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16688
   Google Scholar
• Karuniawati H, Putra ON, Wikantyasning ER. Impact of pharmacist counselling and leaflet on adherence of pulmonary tuberculosis patient in lung hospital in Indonesia. Indian J Tuberc. 2019;66:364–369. doi:10.1016/j.ijtb.2019.02.015
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morin AJS, Katrin Arens A, Marsh HW. A bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling framework for the identification of distinct sources of construct-relevant psychometric multidimensionality. Struct Equ Model. 2015;23(1):116–139. doi:10.1080/10705511.2014.961800
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zijlmans EAO, Tijmstra J, van der Ark LA, Sijtsma K. Item-score reliability as a selection tool in test construction. Front Psychol. 2019;9(JAN). doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02298
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nishimura A, Tabuchi Y, Kikuchi M, Masuda R, Goto K, Iijima T. The amount of fluid given during surgery that leaks into the interstitium correlates with infused fluid volume and varies widely between patients. Anesth Analg. 2016;123(4):925–932. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert L, Ebel DDF. Essentials of Educational Measurement. Prentice-hall of India; 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Douglas G, Bonett TAW. Cronbach’s alpha reliability: interval estimation, hypothesis testing, and sample size planning. J Organ Behav. 2014;36(1):3–15. doi:10.1002/job.1960
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulin C, Cudeck R, Netemeyer R, Dillon WR, McDonald R, Bearden W. Cronbach’s alpha on two-item scales. J Consum Psychol. 2001;10(1–2):55–69.
   Google Scholar
• Tsang S, Royse CF, Terkawi AS. Guidelines for developing, translating, and validating a questionnaire in perioperative and pain medicine. Saudi J Anaesth. 2017;11(5):S80–S89. doi:10.4103/sja.SJA_203_17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shou Y, Martin Sellbom HF. Fundamentals of Measurement in Clinical Psychology. Asmundson GJ ed. Elsevier; 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Marx RG, Menezes A, Horovitz L, Jones EC, Warren RF. A comparison of two time intervals for test-retest reliability of health status instruments. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56(8):730–735. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(03)00084-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denise F, Polit CTB. The content validity index: are you sure you know what’s being reported? Critique and recommendations. Research Nurs Heal. 2006;29:489–497. doi:10.1002/nur
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity. Pers Psychol. 1975;28:563–575. doi:10.3412/jsb.16.926
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradipta IS, Khairunnisa K, Bahar MA, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice of community pharmacy personnel in tuberculosis patient detection: a sectional study in a burden tuberculosis setting. BMJ Open. 2022:1–9. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060078
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdulah R, Barliana MI, Pradipta IS, Halimah E, Diantini A, Lestari K. Assessment of patient care indicators at community pharmacies in Bandung City, Indonesia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2014;45(5):1196–1201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gayathri P, Shah PB, Rajanandh MG. Barriers of community pharmacists in identification and referral of presumptive tuberculosis cases in Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu. Indian J Tuberc. 2020;67(4):560–563. doi:10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.07.018
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hu LT, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model. 1999;6(1):1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jampol LEEM, Tanna AP, Portney G, Watkins MP, Saddle U, Hall P. Multimedia reviews foundations of clinical research: application. Surv Opthalmology. 2002;47(6):6257. doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(02)00362-4
   Google Scholar
• Rupani MP, Shah CJ, Dave JD, Atul V, Trivedi KGM. We are not aware of notification of tuberculosis’: a mixed-methods study among private practitioners from western India. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2021;36(4):1011–1382. doi:10.1002/hpm.3151
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods AM, Mara KC, Rivera CG. Clinical pharmacists’ interventions and therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with mycobacterial infections. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis. 2023;30(January):100346. doi:10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100346
   PubMedGoogle Scholar