References
- Duggal S, Chugh TD, Duggal AK. HIV and malnutrition: effects on immune system. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012;2012:1–8. doi:10.1155/2012/784740
- Jee BD, Uttal DH, Spiegel A, Diamond J. Expert–novice differences in mental models of viruses, vaccines, and the causes of infectious disease. Public Underst Sci. 2015;24(2):241–256. doi:10.1177/0963662513496954
- Girum T, Wasie A, Worku A. Trend of HIV/AIDS for the last 26 years and predicting achievement of the 90-90-90 HIV prevention targets by 2020 in Ethiopia: a time series analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3214-6
- Ruszel K, Piecewicz-Szczęsna H. The epidemiological situation of morbidity and mortality on HIV/AIDS cases in Poland and globally in recent years. J Educ Health Sport. 2020;10(8):189–198. doi:10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.08.022
- Momenyan S, Kavousi A, Poorolajal J, Momenyan N. Spatial inequalities and predictors of HIV/AIDS mortality risk in Hamadan, Iran: a retrospective cohort study. Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018038. doi:10.4178/epih.e2018038
- Del Rio C. The global HIV epidemic: what the pathologist needs to know. In: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology. Elsevier; 2017.
- Sullivan PS, Siegler AJ. What will it take to meet UNAIDS targets for preexposure prophylaxis users? Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2022;35(1):1–8. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000809
- Adejumo OA, Malee KM, Ryscavage P, Hunter SJ, Taiwo BO. Contemporary issues on the epidemiology and antiretroviral adherence of HIV‐infected adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa: a narrative review. J Int AIDS Soc. 2015;18(1):20049. doi:10.7448/IAS.18.1.20049
- Azagew AW, Woreta HK, Tilahun AD, Anlay DZ. High prevalence of pain among adult HIV-infected patients at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. J Pain Res. 2017;10:2461. doi:10.2147/JPR.S141189
- Witt DJ, Craven DE, McCabe WR. Bacterial infections in adult patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. Am J Med. 1987;82(5):900–906. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(87)90150-1
- Panarelli NC. Infectious diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Histopathology. 2021;78(1):70–87. doi:10.1111/his.14243
- Troeger C, Blacker BF, Khalil IA, et al. Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoea in 195 countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(11):1211–1228. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30362-1
- Ford N, Shubber Z, Meintjes G, et al. Causes of hospital admission among people living with HIV worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet HIV. 2015;2(10):e438–e44. doi:10.1016/S2352-3018(15)00137-X
- Alvarez N, Aguilar-Jimenez W, Rugeles MT. The potential protective role of vitamin D supplementation on HIV-1 infection. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2291. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02291
- Geissler AL, Bustos Carrillo F, Swanson K, et al. Increasing Campylobacter infections, outbreaks, and antimicrobial resistance in the United States, 2004–2012. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(10):1624–1631. doi:10.1093/cid/cix624
- Monica C. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Cambridge University Press; 2006.
- Humphries RM, Abbott AN, Hindler JA. Understanding and addressing CLSI breakpoint revisions: a primer for clinical laboratories. J Clin Microbiol. 2019;57(6):e00203–19. doi:10.1128/JCM.00203-19
- Chhin S, Harwell JI, Bell JD, et al. Etiology of chronic diarrhea in antiretroviral-naive patients with HIV infection admitted to Norodom Sihanouk Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(7):925–932. doi:10.1086/507531
- Ayele A, Tadesse D, Manilal A, Yohanes T, Seid M, Mekuria MS. Prevalence of enteric bacteria and enteroparasites in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals with diarrhoea attending antiretroviral treatment clinic, Arba Minch General Hospital, southern Ethiopia. N Microbes N Infect. 2020;38:100789. doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100789
- Belay A, Ashagrie M, Seyoum B, Alemu M, Tsegaye A. Prevalence of enteric pathogens, intestinal parasites and resistance profile of bacterial isolates among HIV infected and non-infected diarrheic patients in Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0243479. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243479
- Adekunle OT, Olopade B, Hassan-Olajokun R, Olaniran O, Afolayan D, Shittu O. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella in HIV patients in Ile-Ife, Osun State. Int J Biomed Adv Res. 2015;6(5):413–417.
- Vyas N, Pathan N, Aziz A. Enteric pathogens in HIV-positive patients with diarrhoea and their correlation with CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. Trop Parasitol. 2012;2(1):29. doi:10.4103/2229-5070.97236
- Uppal B, Kashyap B, Bhalla P. Enteric pathogens in HIV/AIDS from a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Commun Med. 2009;34(3):237. doi:10.4103/0970-0218.55291
- Musiime V, Kalyesubula I, Kaddu-Mulindwa D, Byarugaba J. Enteric bacterial pathogens in HIV-infected children with acute diarrhea in Mulago referral and teaching hospital, Kampala, Uganda. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 2009;8(3):185–190. doi:10.1177/1545109709333082
- Andualem B, Kassu A, Diro E, Moges F, Gedefaw M. The prevalence and antimicrobial responses of Shigella isolates in HIV-1 infected and uninfected adult diarrhoea patients in North West Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2006;20(2):99–105.
- Jha AK, Uppal B, Chadha S, et al. Clinical and microbiological profile of HIV/AIDS cases with diarrhea in North India. J Pathog. 2012;2012:1–7. doi:10.1155/2012/971958
- Khalil S, Mirdha BR, Sinha S, et al. Intestinal parasitosis in relation to anti-retroviral therapy, CD4+ T-cell count and diarrhea in HIV patients. Korean J Parasitol. 2015;53(6):705. doi:10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.705
- Kebede A, Aragie S, Shimelis T. The common enteric bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among HIV-infected individuals attending the antiretroviral therapy clinic of Hawassa university hospital, southern Ethiopia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2017;6(1):1–7. doi:10.1186/s13756-017-0288-7