Spontaneous Prostatic Hemorrhage in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report

References

• Bozorgmehr R, Tajabadi Z. Hemoptysis and Hematuria as the Initial Symptoms of COVID-19: a Case Report. Tanaffos. 2021;20(1):75–78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaudhri I, Moffitt R, Taub E, et al. Association of Proteinuria and Hematuria with Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2020;45(6):1018–1032. doi:10.1159/000511946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng X, Yang H, Li X, et al. Prevalence of Kidney Injury and Associations with Critical Illness and Death in Patients with COVID-19. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;15(11):1549–1556. doi:10.2215/CJN.04780420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida FJ, Olmos RD, Oliveira D, et al. Hematuria Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Child. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39(7):e161. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000002737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Samkari H, Karp Leaf RS, Dzik WH, et al. COVID-19 and coagulation: bleeding and thrombotic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood. 2020;136(4):489–500. doi:10.1182/blood.2020006520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroclawski ML, Carneiro A, Tristão RA, et al. Giant prostatic hyperplasia: report of a previously asymptomatic man presenting with gross hematuria and hypovolemic shock. Einstein. 2015;13(3):420–422. doi:10.1590/S1679-45082015RC2905
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D, et al. COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-Up: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(23):2950–2973. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connors JM, Levy JH. COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation. Blood. 2020;135(23):2033–2040. doi:10.1182/blood.2020006000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arachchillage D, Laffan M. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(5):1233–1234. doi:10.1111/jth.14820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507–513. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708–1720. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Zeng X, Jiao Y, et al. Mechanisms involved in the development of thrombocytopenia in patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020;193:110–115. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.06.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamane A, Nakamura T, Suzuki H, et al. Interferon-alpha 2b-induced thrombocytopenia is caused by inhibition of platelet production but not proliferation and endomitosis in human megakaryocytes. Blood. 2008;112(3):542–550. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-12-125906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niinikoski J, Goldstein R, Linsey M, Hunt TK. Effect of oxygen-induced lung damage on tissue oxygen supply. Acta Chir Scand. 1973;139(7):591–595.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin JF, Slater DN, Trowbridge EA. Abnormal intrapulmonary platelet production: a possible cause of vascular and lung disease. Lancet. 1983;1(8328):793–796. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(83)91851-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu Y, Cheng Y, Wu Y. Understanding SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Inflammatory Responses: from Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Tools. Virol Sin. 2020;35(3):266–271. doi:10.1007/s12250-020-00207-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter DJ, Berra-Unamuno A, Martin-Gordo A. Prevalence of urinary symptoms and other urological conditions in Spanish men 50 years old or older. J Urol. 1996;155(6):1965–1970. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66063-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley SJ, Bailey DM. Microvessel density in prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int. 2000;85(1):70–73. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2000.00322.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Häggström S, Tørring N, Møller K, et al. Effects of finasteride on vascular endothelial growth factor. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2002;36(3):182–187. doi:10.1080/003655902320131848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo LJ, Tang Y, Guo CM, Zhang XH. Impact of primary hypertension on hematuria of the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Chin Med J. 2010;123(9):1154–1157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy R, Farber N, Kresch E, Seetharam D, Diaz P, Ramasamy R. SARS-CoV-2 in the Prostate: immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Studies. World J Mens Health. 2022;40(2):340–343. doi:10.5534/wjmh.210174
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elsaqa M, Rao A, Liu L, et al. Molecular detection of the COVID-19 genome in prostatic tissue of patients with previous infection. Bayl Univ Med Cent. 2022;35(6):759–761. doi:10.1080/08998280.2022.2101178
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nihei Y, Kishi M, Suzuki H, et al. IgA Nephropathy with Gross Hematuria Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination. Intern Med. 2022;61(7):1033–1037. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.8787-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritter A, Helmchen B, Gaspert A, et al. Clinical spectrum of gross haematuria following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with mRNA vaccines. Clin Kidney J. 2022;15(5):961–973. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfab284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudose S, Friedmann P, Albajrami O, D’Agati VD. Histologic correlates of gross hematuria following Moderna COVID-19 vaccine in patients with IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2021;100(2):468–469. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2021.06.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sieber PR, Rommel FM, Huffnagle HW, Breslin JA, Agusta VE, Harpster LE. The treatment of gross hematuria secondary to prostatic bleeding with finasteride. J Urol. 1998;159(4):1232–1233. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63567-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pareek G, Shevchuk M, Armenakas NA, et al. The effect of finasteride on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density: a possible mechanism for decreased prostatic bleeding in treated patients. J Urol. 2003;169(1):20–23. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64025-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar