552
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REVIEW

Novel Dietary Approach with Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics to Mitigate Antimicrobial Resistance and Subsequent Out Marketplace of Antimicrobial Agents: A Review

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 3191-3211 | Received 03 Apr 2023, Accepted 16 May 2023, Published online: 23 May 2023

References

  • Karbalaei M, Keikha M. Probiotics and intestinal decolonization of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms; A reality or fantasy? Ann Med Surg. 2022;31(80):104269. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104269
  • Nureye D, Salahaddin M, Woldeselassie W. One health approach and antimicrobial resistance: from global to Ethiopian context. EC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2020;8:59–75.
  • Reygaert WC. An overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria. AIMS Microbiol. 2018;4(3):482–501. doi:10.3934/microbiol.2018.3.482
  • Sharma C, Rokana N, Chandra M, et al. Antimicrobial resistance: its surveillance, impact, and alternative management strategies in dairy animals. Front Vet Sci. 2018;4:237. doi:10.3389/fvets.2017.00237
  • Sannathimmappa MB, Nambiar V, Aravindakshan R. Antibiotics at the crossroads - Do we have any therapeutic alternatives to control the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance? J Educ Health Promot. 2021;30(10):438. doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_557_21
  • Tao S, Chen H, Li N, Liang W. The application of the CRISPR-cas system in antibiotic resistance. Infect Drug Resist. 2022;15:4155–4168. doi:10.2147/IDR.S370869
  • Feehan A, Garcia-Diaz J. Bacterial, gut microbiome-modifying therapies to defend against multidrug resistant organisms. Microorganisms. 2020;8(2):166. doi:10.3390/microorganisms8020166
  • Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, et al. Expert consensus document. The international scientific association for probiotics and prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;11(8):506–514. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66
  • Figueroa-González I, Quijano G, Ramírez G, Cruz-Guerrero A. Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges. J Sci Food Agric. 2011;91(8):1341–1348. doi:10.1002/jsfa.4367
  • Hernandez-Patlan D, Solis-Cruz B, Hargis BM, Tellez G. The use of probiotics in poultry production for the control of bacterial infections and aflatoxins. Prebiotics Probiotics. 2020;4:217–238.
  • Fijan S. Antimicrobial effect of probiotics against common pathogens. Probiotics Prebiotics Human Nutr Health. 2016;13(10):5772.
  • Feng J, Wang L, Zhou L, Yang X, Zhao X. Using in vitro immunomodulatory properties of lactic acid bacteria for selection of probiotics against salmonella infection in broiler chicks. PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0147630. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147630
  • Panggabean LS. A naturally-stabilized-and-balanced synbiotics as a catalyst to aid in healing anti-microbial-resistance-induced communicable and non-communicable diseases; 2019.
  • Plaza-Diaz J, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Gil-Campos M, Gil A. Mechanisms of action of probiotics. Adv Nutr. 2019;10(suppl_1):S49–S66. doi:10.1093/advances/nmy063
  • Tulini FL, Winkelströter LK, De Martinis EC. Identification and evaluation of the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus paraplantarum FT259, a bacteriocinogenic strain isolated from Brazilian semi-hard artisanal cheese. Anaerobe. 2013;22:57–63. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.06.006
  • Ünlü G, Nielsen B, Ionita C. Production of antilisterial bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria in dairy-based media: a comparative study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2015;7(4):259–274. doi:10.1007/s12602-015-9200-z
  • Sikorska H, Smoragiewicz W. Role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2013;42(6):475–481. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.08.003
  • Dinev T, Beev G, Tzanova M, Denev S, Dermendzhieva D, Stoyanova A. Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum against pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms: a review. Bulgarian J Vet Med. 2018;21(3):253–268. doi:10.15547/bjvm.1084
  • Saville BA, Saville SH. Functional attributes and health benefits of novel prebiotic oligosaccharides derived from xylan, arabinan, and mannan. In: Prebiotics and Probiotics-Potential Benefits in Nutrition and Health. IntechOpen; 2019.
  • Maldonado J. Probiotics and prebiotics in infant formulae. In: Prebiotics and Probiotics-Potential Benefits in Nutrition and Health. IntechOpen; 2019.
  • Hills RD, Pontefract BA, Mishcon HR, Black CA, Sutton SC, Theberge CR. Gut microbiome: profound implications for diet and disease. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1613. doi:10.3390/nu11071613
  • Isacco CG, Ballini A, De Vito D, et al. Probiotics in health and immunity: a first step toward understanding the importance of microbiota system in translational medicine. In: Prebiotics and Probiotics-Potential Benefits in Nutrition and Health. IntechOpen; 2019.
  • Panesar PS, Anal AK. Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics: Technological Advancements Towards Safety and Industrial Applications. John Wiley & Sons; 2022:18.
  • Presti I, D’Orazio G, Labra M, et al. Evaluation of the probiotic properties of new Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains and their in vitro effect. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015;99(13):5613–5626. doi:10.1007/s00253-015-6482-8
  • Park SY, Lim SD. Probiotic characteristics of lactobacillus plantarum FH185 isolated from human feces. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour. 2015;35(5):615–621. doi:10.5851/kosfa.2015.35.5.615
  • Damodharan K, Lee YS, Palaniyandi SA, Yang SH, Suh JW. Preliminary probiotic and technological characterization of Pediococcus pentosaceus strain KID7 and in vivo assessment of its cholesterol-lowering activity. Front Microbiol. 2015;6:768. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00768
  • Likotrafiti E, Tuohy KM, Gibson GR, Rastall RA. Development of antimicrobial synbiotics using potentially-probiotic faecal isolates of Lactobacillus fermentum and Bifidobacterium longum. Anaerobe. 2013;20:5–13. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.01.002
  • Chimchang J, Theparee T, Ladda B, Tanasupawat S, Wongsatayanon BT, Taweechotipatr M. Antimicrobial properties of a potential probiotic lactobacillus from Thai newborn feces. J Med Assoc Thai. 2015;98(Suppl 9):S116–S122.
  • Kaur S, Sharma P, Kalia N, Singh J, Kaur S. Anti-biofilm properties of the fecal probiotic lactobacilli against Vibrio spp. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;8:120. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00120
  • Bian X, Evivie SE, Muhammad Z, et al. In vitro assessment of the antimicrobial potentials of Lactobacillus helveticus strains isolated from traditional cheese in Sinkiang China against food-borne pathogens. Food Funct. 2016;7(2):789–797. doi:10.1039/c5fo01041a
  • Anas M, Ahmed K, Mebrouk K. Study of the antimicrobial and probiotic effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum isolated from raw goat’s milk from the region of Western Algeria. World Appl Sci J. 2014;32(7):1304–1310.
  • El‐Kholy AM, El‐Shinawy SH, Meshref AMS, Korny AM. Screening of antagonistic activity of probiotic bacteria against some food‐borne pathogens. J Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;2(2):53–60.
  • Amer EI, Mossallam SF, Mahrous H. Therapeutic enhancement of newly derived bacteriocins against Giardia lamblia. Exp Parasitol. 2014;146:52–63. doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2014.09.005
  • Butprom S, Phumkhachorn P, Rattanachaikunsopon P. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum C014 on innate immune response and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in hybrid catfish. Sci World J. 2013;2013:392523. doi:10.1155/2013/392523
  • Menconi A, Kallapura G, Latorre JD, et al. Identification and characterization of lactic Acid bacteria in a commercial probiotic culture. Biosci Microbiota Food Health. 2014;33(1):25–30. doi:10.12938/bmfh.33.25
  • Aoudia N, Rieu A, Briandet R, et al. Biofilms of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum: effect on stress responses, antagonistic effects on pathogen growth and immunomodulatory properties. Food Microbiol. 2016;53(Pt A):51–59. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2015.04.009
  • Bujalance C, Jiménez-Valera M, Moreno E, Ruiz-López MD, Lasserrot A, Ruiz-Bravo A. Lack of correlation between in vitro antibiosis and in vivo protection against enteropathogenic bacteria by probiotic lactobacilli. Res Microbiol. 2014;165(1):14–20. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2013.10.006
  • Muñoz-Atienza E, Araújo C, Magadán S, et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of lactic acid bacteria of aquatic origin as probiotics for turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L). farming. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2014;41(2):570–580. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.007
  • Caggia C, De Angelis M, Pitino I, Pino A, Randazzo CL. Probiotic features of Lactobacillus strains isolated from Ragusano and Pecorino Siciliano cheeses. Food Microbiol. 2015;50:109–117. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2015.03.010
  • Pinpimai K, Rodkhum C, Chansue N, Katagiri T, Maita M, Pirarat N. The study on the candidate probiotic properties of encapsulated yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae JCM 7255, in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Res Vet Sci. 2015;102:103–111. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.07.021
  • Yang JJ, Niu CC, Guo XH. Mixed culture models for predicting intestinal microbial interactions between Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus in the presence of probiotic Bacillus subtilis. Benef Microbes. 2015;6(6):871–877. doi:10.3920/BM2015.0033
  • Shokryazdan P, Sieo CC, Kalavathy R, et al. Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus strains with antimicrobial activity against some human pathogenic strains. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:927268. doi:10.1155/2014/927268
  • Muñoz-Quezada S, Bermudez-Brito M, Chenoll E, et al. Competitive inhibition of three novel bacteria isolated from faeces of breast milk-fed infants against selected enteropathogens. Br J Nutr. 2013;109(Suppl 2):S63–S69. doi:10.1017/S0007114512005600
  • Abbaszadeh S, Tavakoli R, Sharifzadeh A, Shokri H. Lactic acid bacteria as functional probiotic isolates for inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, A. Niger and Penicillium chrysogenum. J Mycol Med. 2015;25(4):263–267. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.10.011
  • Aminnezhad S, Kermanshahi RK, Ranjbar R. Evaluation of synergistic interactions between cell-free supernatant of lactobacillus strains and amikacin and gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2015;8(4):e16592. doi:10.5812/jjm.8(4)2015.16592
  • Diana CR, Humberto HS, Jorge YF. Probiotic properties of leuconostoc mesenteroides Isolated from Aguamiel of Agave salmiana. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2015;7(2):107–117. doi:10.1007/s12602-015-9187-5
  • Liu XF, Li Y, Li JR, et al. Isolation and characterisation of Bacillus spp. antagonistic to Vibrio parahaemolyticus for use as probiotics in aquaculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015;31(5):795–803. doi:10.1007/s11274-015-1833-2
  • Yu X, Yin J, Li L, et al. Prebiotic potential of xylooligosaccharides derived from corn cobs and their in vitro antioxidant activity when combined with lactobacillus. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015;25(7):1084–1092. doi:10.4014/jmb.1501.01022
  • Chew SY, Cheah YK, Seow HF, Sandai D, Than LT. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 exhibit strong antifungal effects against vulvovaginal candidiasis-causing Candida glabrata isolates. J Appl Microbiol. 2015;118(5):1180–1190. doi:10.1111/jam.12772
  • Belicová A, Mikulášová M, Dušinský R. Probiotic potential and safety properties of Lactobacillus plantarum from Slovak Bryndza cheese. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:760298. doi:10.1155/2013/760298
  • Jena PK, Trivedi D, Thakore K, Chaudhary H, Giri SS, Seshadri S. Isolation and characterization of probiotic properties of Lactobacilli isolated from rat fecal microbiota. Microbiol Immunol. 2013;57(6):407–416. doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12054
  • Thankappan B, Ramesh D, Ramkumar S, Natarajaseenivasan K, Anbarasu K. Characterization of Bacillus spp. from the gastrointestinal tract of Labeo rohita--towards to identify novel probiotics against fish pathogens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2015;175(1):340–353. doi:10.1007/s12010-014-1270-y
  • Gotteland M, Cires MJ, Carvallo C, et al. Probiotic screening and safety evaluation of Lactobacillus strains from plants, artisanal goat cheese, human stools, and breast milk. J Med Food. 2014;17(4):487–495. doi:10.1089/jmf.2013.0030
  • Torres NI, Noll KS, Xu S, et al. Safety, formulation, and in vitro antiviral activity of the antimicrobial peptide subtilosin against herpes simplex virus type 1. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2013;5(1):26–35. doi:10.1007/s12602-012-9123-x
  • Wu HJ, Sun LB, Li CB, et al. Enhancement of the immune response and protection against Vibrio parahaemolyticus by indigenous probiotic Bacillus strains in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2014;41(2):156–162. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2014.08.027
  • Geeraerts S, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F, Van Immerseel F. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as prophylactic treatment for Clostridium difficile-associated disease in a mouse model. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;30(8):1275–1280. doi:10.1111/jgh.12957
  • Gomathi S, Sasikumar P, Anbazhagan K, et al. Screening of indigenous oxalate degrading lactic acid bacteria from human faeces and South Indian fermented foods: assessment of probiotic potential. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:648059. doi:10.1155/2014/648059
  • Georgieva R, Yocheva L, Tserovska L, et al. Antimicrobial activity and antibiotic susceptibility of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. intended for use as starter and probiotic cultures. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2015;29(1):84–91. doi:10.1080/13102818.2014.987450
  • Mirnejad R, Vahdati AR, Rashidiani J, Erfani M, Piranfar V. The antimicrobial effect of lactobacillus casei culture supernatant against multiple drug resistant clinical isolates of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri in vitro. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013;15(2):122–126. doi:10.5812/ircmj.7454
  • Trivedi D, Jena PK, Seshadri S. Colicin E2 expression in Lactobacillus brevis DT24, A vaginal probiotic isolate, against uropathogenic Escherichia coli. ISRN Urol. 2014;2014:869610. doi:10.1155/2014/869610
  • Das A, Nakhro K, Chowdhury S, Kamilya D. Effects of potential probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens [corrected] FPTB16 on systemic and cutaneous mucosal immune responses and disease resistance of catla (Catla catla). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2013;35(5):1547–1553. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.022
  • Baick SC, Kim CH. Assessment of characteristics and functional properties of lactobacillus species isolated from kimchi for dairy use. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour. 2015;35(3):339–349. doi:10.5851/kosfa.2015.35.3.339
  • Dec M, Puchalski A, Urban-Chmiel R, Wernicki A. Screening of Lactobacillus strains of domestic goose origin against bacterial poultry pathogens for use as probiotics. Poult Sci. 2014;93(10):2464–2472. doi:10.3382/ps.2014-04025
  • Wu CC, Lin CT, Wu CY, Peng WS, Lee MJ, Tsai YC. Inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus salivarius on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2015;30(1):16–26. doi:10.1111/omi.12063
  • VidyaLaxme B, Rovetto A, Grau R, Agrawal R. Synergistic effects of probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Bacillus subtilis in malted ragi (Eleucine corocana) food for antagonistic activity against V. cholerae and other beneficial properties. J Food Sci Technol. 2014;51(11):3072–3082. doi:10.1007/s13197-012-0834-5
  • Naderi A, Kasra-Kermanshahi R, Gharavi S, Imani Fooladi AA, Abdollahpour Alitappeh M, Saffarian P. Study of antagonistic effects of Lactobacillus strains as probiotics on multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs). Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2014;17(3):201–208.
  • Moghadam SS, Khodaii Z, Zadeh SF, Ghooshchian M, Aghmiyuni ZF, Shabestari TM. Synergistic or antagonistic effects of probiotics and antibiotics-alone or in combination-on antimicrobial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds. Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2018;13(3):e63121.
  • Abdelhamid AG, Esaam A, Hazaa MM. Cell free preparations of probiotics exerted antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against multidrug resistant E. coli. Saudi Pharm J. 2018;26(5):603–607. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2018.03.004
  • Gomaa EZ. Synergistic antibacterial efficiency of Bacteriocin and silver nanoparticles produced by probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Int J Pept Res Ther. 2019;1(25):1113–1125. doi:10.1007/s10989-018-9759-9
  • Ibraheem SK, Alshaibani AB, Ad’hiah AH. Protective effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae against multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in vitro and in vivo. World J Pharm Res. 2014;28(3):193–203.
  • Halder D, Mandal S. Antibacterial potentiality of commercially available probiotic lactobacilli and curd lactobacilli strains, alone and in combination, against human pathogenic bacteria. Transl Biomed. 2016;7(2):1–7. doi:10.21767/2172-0479.100061
  • Khmaladze I, É B, Fabre S, Gillbro JM. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938-A comparative study on the effect of probiotics and lysates on human skin. Exp Dermatol. 2019;28(7):822–828. doi:10.1111/exd.13950
  • Monteiro CRAV, Do Carmo MS, Melo BO, et al. In Vitro antimicrobial activity and probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus against species of Clostridium. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):448. doi:10.3390/nu11020448
  • Rossoni RD, Fuchs BB, de Barros PP, et al. Lactobacillus paracasei modulates the immune system of Galleria mellonella and protects against Candida albicans infection. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0173332. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173332
  • Ishikawa KH, Mayer MP, Miyazima TY, et al. A multispecies probiotic reduces oral Candida colonization in denture wearers. J Prosthodont. 2015;24(3):194–199. doi:10.1111/jopr.12198
  • Sajedinejad N, Paknejad M, Houshmand B, et al. Lactobacillus salivarius NK02: a potent probiotic for clinical application in mouthwash. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2018;10(3):485–495. doi:10.1007/s12602-017-9296-4
  • Helmy YA, Krücken J, Nöckler K, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Zessin KH. Comparison between two commercially available serological tests and polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium in animals and diarrhoeic children. Parasitol Res. 2014;113(1):211–216. doi:10.1007/s00436-013-3645-3
  • Kuru BE, Laleman I, Yalnızoğlu T, Kuru L, Teughels W. The influence of a bifidobacterium animalis probiotic on gingival health: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2017;88(11):1115–1123. doi:10.1902/jop.2017.170213
  • Zhou M, Zhu J, Yu H, et al. Investigation into in vitro and in vivo models using intestinal epithelial IPEC-J2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans for selecting probiotic candidates to control porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol. 2014;117(1):217–226. doi:10.1111/jam.12505
  • Lazarenko L, Babenko L, Sichel LS, et al. Antagonistic action of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in relation to Staphylococcus aureus and their influence on the immune response in cases of intravaginal Staphylococcosis in mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2012;4(2):78–89. doi:10.1007/s12602-012-9093-z
  • Prado-Rebolledo OF, Delgado-Machuca JJ, Macedo-Barragan RJ, et al. Evaluation of a selected lactic acid bacteria-based probiotic on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis colonization and intestinal permeability in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol. 2017;46(1):90–94. doi:10.1080/03079457.2016.1222808
  • Morya VK, Choi W, Kim EK. Isolation and characterization of Pseudoalteromonas sp. from fermented Korean food, as an antagonist to Vibrio harveyi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014;98(3):1389–1395. doi:10.1007/s00253-013-4937-3
  • Mossallam SF, Amer EI, Diab RG. Potentiated anti-microsporidial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus CH1 bacteriocin using gold nanoparticles. Exp Parasitol. 2014;144:14–21. doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2014.06.002
  • Mazaya B, Hamzawy MA, Khalil MA, Tawkol WM, Sabit H. Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial efficacy of Lactobacilli against enteropathogenic infection of Salmonella typhi: in-vitro and in-vivo study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2015;28(4):469–478. doi:10.1177/0394632015592099
  • Gupta R, Sarkar S, Srivastava S. In vivo toxicity assessment of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs LR14) derived from Lactobacillus plantarum strain LR/14 in Drosophila melanogaster. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2014;6(1):59–67. doi:10.1007/s12602-013-9154-y
  • Mahmoodpoor A, Hamishehkar H, Asghari R, Abri R, Shadvar K, Sanaie S. Effect of a probiotic preparation on ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial. Nutr Clin Pract. 2019;34(1):156–162. doi:10.1002/ncp.10191
  • Kumar M, Dhaka P, Vijay D, et al. Antimicrobial effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus against multidrug-resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2016;48(3):265–270. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.05.014
  • Rongrungruang Y, Krajangwittaya D, Pholtawornkulchai K, Tiengrim S, Thamlikitkul V. Randomized controlled study of probiotics containing Lactobacillus casei (Shirota strain) for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. J Med Assoc Thai. 2015;98(3):253–259.
  • Gonzalez-Gil F, Diaz-Sanchez S, Pendleton S, et al. Yerba mate enhances probiotic bacteria growth in vitro but as a feed additive does not reduce Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in vivo. Poult Sci. 2014;93(2):434–440. doi:10.3382/ps.2013-03339
  • Machairas N, Pistiki A, Droggiti DI, et al. Pre-treatment with probiotics prolongs survival after experimental infection by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rodents: an effect on sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2015;45(4):376–384. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.11.013
  • Gibson GR, Hutkins R, Sanders ME, et al. Expert consensus document: the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;14(8):491–502. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75
  • Sanders ME, Merenstein DJ, Reid G, Gibson GR, Rastall RA. Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;16(10):605–616. doi:10.1038/s41575-019-0173-3
  • Coste I, Judlin P, Lepargneur JP, Bou-Antoun S. Safety and efficacy of an intravaginal prebiotic gel in the prevention of recurrent bacterial vaginosis: a randomized double-blind study. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2012;2012:147867. doi:10.1155/2012/147867
  • Kano M, Masuoka N, Kaga C, et al. Consecutive intake of fermented milk containing bifidobacterium breve strain yakult and galacto-oligosaccharides benefits skin condition in healthy adult women. Biosci Microbiota Food Health. 2013;32(1):33–39. doi:10.12938/bmfh.32.33
  • Vulevic J, Drakoularakou A, Yaqoob P, Tzortzis G, Gibson GR. Modulation of the fecal microflora profile and immune function by a novel trans-galactooligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) in healthy elderly volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(5):1438–1446. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26242
  • Vulevic J, Juric A, Walton GE, et al. Influence of galacto-oligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) on gut microbiota, immune parameters and metabonomics in elderly persons. Br J Nutr. 2015;114(4):586–595. doi:10.1017/S0007114515001889
  • Moro G, Arslanoglu S, Stahl B, Jelinek J, Wahn U, Boehm G. A mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of atopic dermatitis during the first six months of age. Arch Dis Child. 2006;91(10):814–819. doi:10.1136/adc.2006.098251
  • Ivakhnenko OS, Nyankovskyy SL. Effect of the specific infant formula mixture of oligosaccharides on local immunity and development of allergic and infectious disease in young children: randomized study. Pediatr Pol. 2013;88(5):398–404. doi:10.1016/j.pepo.2013.07.002
  • Abrams SA, Griffin IJ, Hawthorne KM, Ellis KJ. Effect of prebiotic supplementation and calcium intake on body mass index. J Pediatr. 2007;151(3):293–298. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.03.043
  • Abrams SA, Griffin IJ, Hawthorne KM. Young adolescents who respond to an inulin-type fructan substantially increase total absorbed calcium and daily calcium accretion to the skeleton. J Nutr. 2007;137(11Suppl):2524S–2526S. doi:10.1093/jn/137.11.2524S
  • Whisner CM, Martin BR, Schoterman MH, et al. Galacto-oligosaccharides increase calcium absorption and gut bifidobacteria in young girls: a double-blind cross-over trial. Br J Nutr. 2013;110(7):1292–1303. doi:10.1017/S000711451300055X
  • Collado Yurrita L, San Mauro Martín I, Ciudad-Cabañas MJ, Calle-Purón ME, Hernández CM. Effectiveness of inulin intake on indicators of chronic constipation; a meta-analysis of controlled randomized clinical trials. Nutr Hosp. 2014;30(2):244–252. doi:10.3305/nh.2014.30.2.7565
  • Buddington RK, Kapadia C, Neumer F, Theis S. Oligofructose provides laxation for irregularity associated with low fiber intake. Nutrients. 2017;9(12):1372. doi:10.3390/nu9121372
  • Krumbeck JA, Rasmussen HE, Hutkins RW, et al. Probiotic Bifidobacterium strains and galactooligosaccharides improve intestinal barrier function in obese adults but show no synergism when used together as synbiotics. Microbiome. 2018;6(1):121. doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0494-4
  • Cani PD, Possemiers S, Van de Wiele T, et al. Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability. Gut. 2009;58(8):1091–1103. doi:10.1136/gut.2008.165886
  • Stoddart LA, Smith NJ, Milligan G; International Union of Pharmacology. LXXI. Free fatty acid receptors FFA1, −2, and −3: pharmacology and pathophysiological functions. Pharmacol Rev. 2008;60(4):405–417. doi:10.1124/pr.108.00802
  • Bolognini D, Barki N, Butcher AJ, et al. Chemogenetics defines receptor-mediated functions of short chain free fatty acids. Nat Chem Biol. 2019;15(5):489–498. doi:10.1038/s41589-019-0270-1
  • Rigo-Adrover M, Saldaña-Ruíz S, van Limpt K, et al. A combination of scGOS/lcFOS with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V protects suckling rats from rotavirus gastroenteritis. Eur J Nutr. 2017;56(4):1657–1670. doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1213-1
  • Nomayo A, Schwiertz A, Rossi R, et al. Infant formula with cow’s milk fat and prebiotics affects intestinal flora, but not the incidence of infections during infancy in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Mol Cell Pediatr. 2020;7(1):6. doi:10.1186/s40348-020-00098-1
  • Janardhana V, Broadway MM, Bruce MP, et al. Prebiotics modulate immune responses in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue of chickens. J Nutr. 2009;139(7):1404–1409. doi:10.3945/jn.109.105007 PMID: 19474157.
  • Kim GB, Seo YM, Kim CH, Paik IK. Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance, intestinal microflora, and immune response of broilers. Poult Sci. 2011;90(1):75–82. doi:10.3382/ps.2010-00732 PMID: 21177446.
  • Kim HS, Cha E, Kim Y, et al. Raffinose, a plant galactoside, inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation via binding to LecA and decreasing cellular cyclic diguanylate levels. Sci Rep. 2016;6:25318. doi:10.1038/srep25318
  • Kishino E, Takemura N, Masaki H, Ito T, Nakazawa M. Dietary lactosucrose suppresses influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in mice. Biosci Microbiota Food Health. 2015;34(4):67–76. doi:10.12938/bmfh.2015-005
  • Rist VT, Weiss E, Sauer N, Mosenthin R, Eklund M. Effect of dietary protein supply originating from soybean meal or casein on the intestinal microbiota of piglets. Anaerobe. 2014;25:72–79. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.10.003
  • Yu YJ, Amorim M, Marques C, Calhau C, Pintado M. Effects of whey peptide extract on the growth of probiotics and gut microbiota. J Funct Foods. 2016;1(21):507–516. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.035
  • Ham SY, Kim HS, Cha E, Lim T, Byun Y, Park HD. Raffinose inhibits Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by targeting glucosyltransferase. Microbiol Spectr. 2022;10(3):e0207621. doi:10.1128/spectrum.02076-21
  • Kim HS, Jang Y, Ham SY, et al. Effect of broad-spectrum biofilm inhibitor raffinose, a plant galactoside, on the inhibition of co-culture biofilm on the microfiltration membrane. J Hazard Mater. 2021;402:123501. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123501
  • Swanson KS, Gibson GR, Hutkins R, et al. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of synbiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;17(11):687–701. doi:10.1038/s41575-020-0344-2
  • Ustundag GH, Altuntas H, Soysal YD, Kokturk F. The effects of synbiotic “Bifidobacterium lactis B94 plus inulin” addition on standard triple therapy of helicobacter pylori eradication in children. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2017:8130596. doi:10.1155/2017/8130596
  • Islek A, Sayar E, Yilmaz A, Artan R. Bifidobacterium lactis B94 plus inulin for treatment of helicobacter pylori infection in children: does it increase eradication rate and patient compliance? Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2015;78(3):282–286.
  • Komatsu S, Sakamoto E, Norimizu S, et al. Efficacy of perioperative synbiotics treatment for the prevention of surgical site infection after laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Surg Today. 2016;46(4):479–490. doi:10.1007/s00595-015-1178-3
  • Anderson AD, McNaught CE, Jain PK, MacFie J. Randomised clinical trial of synbiotic therapy in elective surgical patients. Gut. 2004;53(2):241–245. doi:10.1136/gut.2003.024620
  • Rayes N, Seehofer D, Theruvath T, et al. Effect of enteral nutrition and synbiotics on bacterial infection rates after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy: a randomized, double-blind trial. Ann Surg. 2007;246(1):36–41. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000259442.78947.19
  • Reddy BS, Macfie J, Gatt M, Larsen CN, Jensen SS, Leser TD. Randomized clinical trial of effect of synbiotics, neomycin and mechanical bowel preparation on intestinal barrier function in patients undergoing colectomy. Br J Surg. 2007;94(5):546–554. doi:10.1002/bjs.5705
  • Usami M, Miyoshi M, Kanbara Y, et al. Effects of perioperative synbiotic treatment on infectious complications, intestinal integrity, and fecal flora and organic acids in hepatic surgery with or without cirrhosis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011;35(3):317–328. doi:10.1177/0148607110379813
  • Skonieczna-żydecka K, Kaczmarczyk M, Łoniewski I, et al. Meta-analysis, and meta-regression evaluating the efficacy and mechanisms of action of probiotics and synbiotics in the prevention of surgical site infections and surgery-related complications. J Clin Med. 2018;7(12):556. doi:10.3390/jcm7120556
  • Kasatpibal N, Whitney JD, Saokaew S, Kengkla K, Heitkemper MM, Apisarnthanarak A. Effectiveness of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic therapies in reducing postoperative complications: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(suppl_2):S153–S160. doi:10.1093/cid/cix114
  • Elshaghabee FM, Rokana N. Dietary management by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance. In: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 49: Mitigation of Antimicrobial Resistance. Vol. 2. Natural and Synthetic Approaches; 2021:33–56.
  • Connolly ML, Lovegrove JA, Tuohy KM. Konjac glucomannan hydrolysate beneficially modulates bacterial composition and activity within the faecal microbiota. J Funct Foods. 2010;2(3):219–224. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2010.05.001
  • Jačan A, Kashofer K, Zenz G, et al. Synergistic and antagonistic interactions between antibiotics and synbiotics in modifying the murine fecal microbiome. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(5):1831–1844. doi:10.1007/s00394-019-02035-z
  • Hammami R, Ben Abdallah N, Barbeau J, Fliss I. Symbiotic maple saps minimize disruption of the mice intestinal microbiota after oral antibiotic administration. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015;66(6):665–671. doi:10.3109/09637486.2015.1071340
  • Maldonado J, Cañabate F, Sempere L, et al. Human milk probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 reduces the incidence of gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract infections in infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54(1):55–61. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182333f18
  • Dinleyici EC, Dalgic N, Guven S, et al. The effect of a multispecies synbiotic mixture on the duration of diarrhea and length of hospital stay in children with acute diarrhea in Turkey: single blinded randomized study. Eur J Pediatr. 2013;172(4):459–464. doi:10.1007/s00431-012-1903-5
  • Vandenplas Y, De Hert SG. PROBIOTICAL-Study Group. Randomised clinical trial: the synbiotic food supplement Probiotical vs placebo for acute gastroenteritis in children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34(8):862–867. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04835.x
  • Kondepudi KK, Ambalam P, Nilsson I, Wadström T, Ljungh A. Prebiotic-non-digestible oligosaccharides preference of probiotic bifidobacteria and antimicrobial activity against Clostridium difficile. Anaerobe. 2012;18(5):489–497. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.08.005
  • Işlek A, Sayar E, Yılmaz A, Bö B, Mutlu D, Artan R. The role of Bifidobacterium lactis B94 plus inulin in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in children. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2014;25(6):628–633. doi:10.5152/tjg.2014.14022
  • Koruri SS, Chowdhury R, Bhattacharya P. Potentiation of functional and antimicrobial activities through synergistic growth of probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici with natural prebiotics (garlic, basil). Microbes Spotlight. 2016;28:219–224.
  • Ibrahem AA, Al-Shawi SG, Al-Temimi WKA. The antagonistic activity of the synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and pineapple residue FOS against pathogenic bacteria. Braz J Biol. 2022;84:e258277. doi:10.1590/1519-6984.258277
  • García-Gamboa R, Domínguez-Simi M, Gradilla-Hernández MS, et al. Anticandidal and antibiofilm effect of synbiotics including probiotics and inulin-type fructans. Antibiotics. 2022;11(8):1135. doi:10.3390/antibiotics11081135
  • Erginkaya Z, Konuray G, Harmanci M, Kesen G, Nagihan ME. Antibacterial effects of microencapsulated probiotic and synbiotics. Çukurova Tarim ve Gida Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;34(1):27–36.
  • Kotzampassi K, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Voudouris A, Kazamias P, Eleftheriadis E. Benefits of a synbiotic formula (Synbiotic 2000Forte) in critically Ill trauma patients: early results of a randomized controlled trial. World J Surg. 2006;30(10):1848–1855. doi:10.1007/s00268-005-0653-1
  • Panigrahi P, Parida S, Nanda NC, et al. A randomized synbiotic trial to prevent sepsis among infants in rural India. Nature. 2017;548(7668):407–412. doi:10.1038/nature23480
  • Sommacal HM, Bersch VP, Vitola SP, Osvaldt AB. Perioperative synbiotics decrease postoperative complications in periampullary neoplasms: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Nutr Cancer. 2015;67(3):457–462. doi:10.1080/01635581.2015.1004734 PMID: 25803626.
  • Kanazawa H, Nagino M, Kamiya S, et al. Synbiotics reduce postoperative infectious complications: a randomized controlled trial in biliary cancer patients undergoing hepatectomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2005;390(2):104–113. doi:10.1007/s00423-004-0536-1
  • Rammohan A, Sathyanesan J, Rajendran K, et al. Synbiotics in surgery for chronic pancreatitis: are they truly effective? A single-blind prospective randomized control trial. Ann Surg. 2015;262(1):31–37. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000001077