201
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REVIEW

The Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in Sepsis, Opportunity or Challenge?

, , , &
Pages 5551-5562 | Received 04 May 2023, Accepted 01 Aug 2023, Published online: 23 Aug 2023

References

  • Salomão R, Ferreira BL, Salomão MC, Santos SS, Azevedo LCP, Brunialti MKC. Sepsis: evolving concepts and challenges. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2019;52(4):e8595. doi:10.1590/1414-431x20198595
  • Rhee C, Murphy M, Li L, Platt R, Klompas M. Comparison of trends in sepsis incidence and coding using administrative claims versus objective clinical data. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(1):88–95. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu750
  • Oczkowski S, Alshamsi F, Belley-Cote E, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines 2021: highlights for the practicing clinician. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2022;132(7–8). doi:10.20452/pamw.16290
  • Zhou N, Bao J. FerrDb: a manually curated resource for regulators and markers of ferroptosis and ferroptosis-disease associations. Database. 2020;2020. doi:10.1093/database/baaa021
  • Guzmã¡n E. Regulated cell death signaling pathways and marine natural products that target them. Marine Drugs. 2019;17(2):76. doi:10.3390/md17020076
  • Zhang Z, Guo M, Shen M, et al. The BRD7-P53-SLC25A28 axis regulates ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells. Redox Biology. 2020;36:101619. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101619
  • Kwon M, Park E, Lee S, Chung S. Heme oxygenase-1 accelerates erastin-induced ferroptotic cell death. Oncotarget. 2015;6(27):24393–24403. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.5162
  • Zhao S, Liao L, Tu P, Li W, Zeng K. Icariin inhibits AGE-induced injury in PC12 cells by directly targeting apoptosis regulator bax. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019:7940808. doi:10.1155/2019/7940808
  • Huo S, Li H, Boersma A, Herrmann A. DNA nanotechnology enters cell membranes. Adva Sci. 2019;6(10):1900043. doi:10.1002/advs.201900043
  • Lei P, Bai T, Sun Y. Mechanisms of ferroptosis and relations with regulated cell death: a review. Front Physiol. 2019;10:139. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00139
  • Wang J, Deng B, Liu Q, et al. Pyroptosis and ferroptosis induced by mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) signaling in cardiomyocytes are essential for myocardial fibrosis in response to pressure overload. Cell Death Dis. 2020;11(7):574. doi:10.1038/s41419-020-02777-3
  • Kenny E, Fidan E, Yang Q, et al. Ferroptosis contributes to neuronal death and functional outcome after traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 2019;47(3):410–418. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000003555
  • Shen L, Lin D, Li X, et al. Ferroptosis in acute central nervous system injuries: the future direction? Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:594. doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.00594
  • Hayashida M, Hashioka S, Miki H, et al. Aceruloplasminemia with psychomotor excitement and neurological sign was improved by minocycline (Case Report). Medicine. 2016;95(19):e3594. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000003594
  • Loh K, Deng H, Fukushima A, et al. Reactive oxygen species enhance insulin sensitivity. Cell Metab. 2009;10(4):260–272. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.08.009
  • Azcárate-Peril M, Sikes M, Bruno-Bárcena J. The intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal environment and colorectal cancer: a putative role for probiotics in prevention of colorectal cancer? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;301(3):G401–24. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00110.2011
  • Demuynck R, Efimova I, Lin A, Declercq H, Krysko D. A 3D cell death assay to quantitatively determine ferroptosis in spheroids. Cells. 2020;9(3):703. doi:10.3390/cells9030703
  • Liu Q, Wu J, Zhang X, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ren J. Iron homeostasis and disorders revisited in the sepsis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2021;166:165. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.021
  • Kleist S, Knoop K. Understanding the elements of maternal protection from systemic bacterial infections during early life. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1045. doi:10.3390/nu12041045
  • Willemetz A, Beatty S, Richer E, et al. SalmonellaIron- and hepcidin-independent downregulation of the iron exporter ferroportin in macrophages during infection. Front Immunol. 2017;8:498. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00498
  • Wood P, Donohue M, Cebak J, et al. Tear film amphiphilic and anti-inflammatory lipids in bovine pink eye. Metabolites. 2018;8(4):81. doi:10.3390/metabo8040081
  • Burke M, Salzer W, Devidas M, et al. Replacing cyclophosphamide/cytarabine/mercaptopurine with cyclophosphamide/etoposide during consolidation/delayed intensification does not improve outcome for pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the COG. Haematologica. 2019;104(5):986–992. doi:10.3324/haematol.2018.204545
  • Battaglia A, Chirillo R, Aversa I, Sacco A, Costanzo F, Biamonte F. Ferroptosis and cancer: mitochondria meet the “iron maiden. Cell Death Cells. 2020;9:6.
  • Eleftheriadis T, Pissas G, Nikolaou E, Filippidis G, Liakopoulos V, Stefanidis I. Mistimed HS upregulation, Nrf2 activation and antioxidant proteins levels in renal tubular epithelial cells subjected to anoxia and reoxygenation. Biomed Rep. 2020;13(2):3. doi:10.3892/br.2020.1309
  • Hu C, Nydes M, Shanley K, Morales Pantoja I, Howard T, Bizzozero O. Reduced expression of the ferroptosis inhibitor glutathione peroxidase-4 in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurochem. 2019;148(3):426–439. doi:10.1111/jnc.14604
  • Zhou Z, Ye T, Bonavita G, et al. Adipose-specific lipin-1 overexpression renders hepatic ferroptosis and exacerbates alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Hepatology Communications. 2019;3(5):656–669. doi:10.1002/hep4.1333
  • Wang W, Green M, Choi J, et al. CD8 T cells regulate tumour ferroptosis during cancer immunotherapy. Nature. 2019;569(7755):270–274. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1170-y
  • Ros U, Pedrera L, Garcia-Saez A. Partners in crime: the interplay of proteins and membranes in regulated necrosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(7):2412. doi:10.3390/ijms21072412
  • Boslett J, Reddy N, Alzarie Y, Zweier J. Inhibition of CD38 with the Thiazoloquin(az)olin(on)e 78c protects the heart against postischemic injury. J Pharmacol Exper Therap. 2019;369(1):55–64. doi:10.1124/jpet.118.254557
  • Jiao J, Gai Q, Yao L, Niu L, Zang Y, Fu Y. Isatis tinctoriaUltraviolet radiation for flavonoid augmentation in L. hairy root cultures mediated by oxidative stress and biosynthetic gene expression. Ind Crops Prod. 2018;118:347–354. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.03.046
  • Khemiri I, Tebbji F, Sellam A. Candida albicansTranscriptome analysis uncovers a link between copper metabolism, and both fungal fitness and antifungal sensitivity in the opportunistic yeast. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:935. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00935
  • Orfanoudaki M, Hartmann A, Karsten U, Ganzera M. Chemical profiling of mycosporine-like amino acids in twenty-three red algal species. J Phycol. 2019;55(2):393–403. doi:10.1111/jpy.12827
  • Barone E, Di Domenico F, Mancuso C, Butterfield D. The Janus face of the heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase system in Alzheimer disease: it’s time for reconciliation. Neurobiol Dis. 2014;62:144–159. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2013.09.018
  • Liu E, Zhang M, Cui H, et al. Tat-functionalized Ag-FeO nano-composites as tissue-penetrating vehicles for tumor magnetic targeting and drug delivery. Acta pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2018;8(6):956–968. doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2018.07.012
  • Imai T, Iwata S, Hirayama T, et al. Intracellular Fe accumulation in endothelial cells and pericytes induces blood-brain barrier dysfunction in secondary brain injury after brain hemorrhage. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):6228. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42370-z
  • Sturzbecher-Hoehne M, Goujon C, Deblonde G, Mason A, Abergel R. Sensitizing curium luminescence through an antenna protein to investigate biological actinide transport mechanisms. J Am Chem Soc. 2013;135(7):2676–2683. doi:10.1021/ja310957f
  • Bogdan A, Miyazawa M, Hashimoto K, Tsuji Y. Regulators of iron homeostasis: new players in metabolism, cell death, and disease. Trend Bio Sci. 2016;41(3):274–286. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2015.11.012
  • Burroughs S, Kaluz S, Wang D, Wang K, Van Meir E, Wang B. Hypoxia inducible factor pathway inhibitors as anticancer therapeutics. Future Med Chem. 2013;5(5):553–572. doi:10.4155/fmc.13.17
  • Kauscher U, Holme M, Bjã¶rnmalm M, Stevens M. Physical stimuli-responsive vesicles in drug delivery: beyond liposomes and polymersomes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2019;138:259–275. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.012
  • Lee J, You J, Shin D, Roh J. Inhibition of Glutaredoxin 5 predisposes cisplatin-resistant head and neck cancer cells to ferroptosis. Theranostics. 2020;10(17):7775–7786. doi:10.7150/thno.46903
  • Moreira A, Mesquita G, Gomes M. Ferritin: an inflammatory player keeping iron at the core of pathogen-host interactions. Microorganisms. 2020;8(4):589. doi:10.3390/microorganisms8040589
  • Refaat B, Abdelghany A, BaSalamah M, El-Boshy M, Ahmad J, Idris S. Acute and chronic iron overloading differentially modulates the expression of cellular iron-homeostatic molecules in normal rat kidney. J Histoch Cyt. 2018;66(11):825–839. doi:10.1369/0022155418782696
  • Meguid N, Ghozlan S, Mohamed M, et al. Expression of reactive oxygen species-related transcripts in Egyptian children with autism. Biomark Insights. 2017;12:1177271917691035. doi:10.1177/1177271917691035
  • Xie Y, Li J, Kang R, Tang D. Interplay between lipid metabolism and autophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:431. doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.00431
  • Reisz J, Bansal N, Qian J, Zhao W, Furdui C. Effects of ionizing radiation on biological molecules--mechanisms of damage and emerging methods of detection. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014;21(2):260–292. doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5489
  • Signini ÃF, Nieman D, Silva C, Sakaguchi C, Catai A. Oxylipin response to acute and chronic exercise: a systematic review. Metabolites. 2020;10(6):264. doi:10.3390/metabo10060264
  • Berg R, Mã¸ller K, Bailey D. Neuro-oxidative-nitrosative stress in sepsis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2011;31(7):1532–1544.
  • Shi Y, Holtzman D. Interplay between innate immunity and Alzheimer disease: APOE and TREM2 in the spotlight. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018;18(12):759–772. doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0051-1
  • Signorelli S, Tarkowski ÅP, Van den Ende W, Bassham D. Linking autophagy to abiotic and biotic stress responses. Trend Plant Sci. 2019;24(5):413–430. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2019.02.001
  • Friedmann Angeli J, Schneider M, Proneth B, et al. Inactivation of the ferroptosis regulator Gpx4 triggers acute renal failure in mice. Natu Cell Bio. 2014;16(12):1180–1191. doi:10.1038/ncb3064
  • Kose T, Vera-Aviles M, Sharp P, Latunde-Dada G. Curcumin and (-)- epigallocatechin-3-gallate protect murine min6 pancreatic beta-cells against iron toxicity and erastin-induced ferroptosis. Pharmaceuticals. 2019;12(1). doi:10.3390/ph12010026
  • Li W, Feng G, Gauthier J, et al. Ferroptotic cell death and TLR4/Trif signaling initiate neutrophil recruitment after heart transplantation. J Clin Invest. 2019;129(6):2293–2304. doi:10.1172/JCI126428
  • Robert S, Sontheimer H. Glutamate transporters in the biology of malignant gliomas. Cellular and molecular life sciences. CMLS. 2014;71(10):1839–1854. doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1521-z
  • Tang H, Tang H. Cell recovery by reversal of ferroptosis. Biology Open. 2019;8(6). doi:10.1242/bio.043182
  • Canli Ã, Alankuåÿ Y, Grootjans S, et al. Glutathione peroxidase 4 prevents necroptosis in mouse erythroid precursors. Blood. 2016;127(1):139–148. doi:10.1182/blood-2015-06-654194
  • Zhou H, Zhang R, Anand P, et al. Metabolic reprogramming by the S-nitroso-CoA reductase system protects against kidney injury. Nature. 2019;565(7737):96–100. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0749-z
  • Lei X, Zhu J, Cheng W, et al. Paradoxical roles of antioxidant enzymes: basic mechanisms and health implications. Physiol Rev. 2016;96(1):307–364. doi:10.1152/physrev.00010.2014
  • Serra M, Columbano A, Ammarah U, Mazzone M, Menga A. Understanding metal dynamics between cancer cells and macrophages: competition or synergism? Front Oncol. 2020;10:646. doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.00646
  • Abdalkader M, Lampinen R, Kanninen KM, Malm TM, Liddell JR. Targeting Nrf2 to suppress ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci. 2018;12:466. doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00466
  • Zhu L, Chen D, Zhu Y, et al. GPX4-regulated ferroptosis mediates S100-induced experimental autoimmune hepatitis associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:6551069. doi:10.1155/2021/6551069
  • Moding E, Kastan M, Kirsch D. Strategies for optimizing the response of cancer and normal tissues to radiation. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013;12(7):526–542. doi:10.1038/nrd4003
  • Bersuker K, Hendricks J, Li Z, et al. The CoQ oxidoreductase FSP1 acts parallel to GPX4 to inhibit ferroptosis. Nature. 2019;575(7784):688–692. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1705-2
  • Meza-Torres C, Hernández-Camacho J, Cortés-RodrÃ-guez A, et al. Resveratrol regulates the expression of genes involved in CoQ Synthesis in liver in mice fed with high fat diet. Antioxidants. 2020;9(5). doi:10.3390/antiox9050431
  • Kang R, Kroemer G, Tang D. The tumor suppressor protein p53 and the ferroptosis network. Free Radic Biol Med. 2019;133:162–168. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.074
  • Zeng C, Lin J, Zhang K, et al. SHARPIN promotes cell proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma and inhibits ferroptosis via p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling. Cancer Sci. 2022;113(11):3766–3775. doi:10.1111/cas.15531
  • Chen D, Chu B, Yang X, et al. iPLA2β-mediated lipid detoxification controls p53-driven ferroptosis independent of GPX4. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):3644. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23902-6
  • Panieri E, Telkoparan-Akillilar P, Suzen S, Saso L. The NRF2/KEAP1 axis in the regulation of tumor metabolism: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Biomolecules. 2020;10(5):791. doi:10.3390/biom10050791
  • Wang Y, Fletcher R, Yu J, Zhang L. Immunogenic effects of chemotherapy-induced tumor cell death. Genes Dis. 2018;5(3):194–203. doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2018.05.003
  • Bharat A, Cunningham S, Scott Budinger G, et al. Disseminated Ureaplasma infection as a cause of fatal hyperammonemia in humans. Sci Transl Med. 2015;7(284):284re3. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa8419
  • Yang T, Feng X, Zhao Y, et al. viaDexmedetomidine enhances autophagy α2-AR/AMPK/mTOR pathway to inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequently alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:790. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00790
  • Bulloch R, Wall C, McCowan L, Taylor R, Roberts C, Thompson J. The effect of interactions between folic acid supplementation and one carbon metabolism gene variants on small-for-gestational-age births in the screening for pregnancy endpoints (SCOPE) cohort study. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1677. doi:10.3390/nu12061677
  • Lechowicz J, Krawczyk-Balska A. An update on the transport and metabolism of iron in Listeria monocytogenes: the role of proteins involved in pathogenicity. Biometals. 2015;28(4):587–603. doi:10.1007/s10534-015-9849-5
  • May J, Qu Z. Chelation of intracellular iron enhances endothelial barrier function: a role for vitamin C? Arch Biochemist Bio. 2010;500(2):162–168. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2010.05.022
  • Mangalmurti N, Hunter C. Cytokine Storms: understanding COVID-19. Immunity. 2020;53(1):19–25. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.06.017
  • Hu Y, Cheng X, Mao H, Chen X, Cui Y, Qiu Z. Causal effects of genetically predicted iron status on sepsis: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr. 2021;8:747547. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.747547
  • Mohus RM, Flatby H, Liyanarachi KV, et al. Iron status and the risk of sepsis and severe COVID-19: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):16157. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-20679-6
  • Wang H, Yu D, Li B, Liu Z, Ren J, Qu X. in vivoUltrasensitive magnetic resonance imaging of systemic reactive oxygen species for early diagnosis of sepsis using activatable nanoprobes. Chem Sci. 2019;10(13):3770–3778. doi:10.1039/C8SC04961K
  • Lahiri V, Hawkins W, Klionsky D. Watch what you (Self-) Eat: autophagic mechanisms that modulate metabolism. Cell Metab. 2019;29(4):803–826. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.03.003
  • Silveira E, Santos M, da Silva T, et al. Aging and low-intensity exercise change oxidative biomarkers in brain regions and radiographic measures of femur of Wistar rats. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2020;53(6):e9237. doi:10.1590/1414-431x20209237
  • Bastian T, Rao R, Tran P, Georgieff M. The effects of early-life iron deficiency on brain energy metabolism. Neuros Insig. 2020;15:2633105520935104. doi:10.1177/2633105520935104
  • Toufekoula C, Papadakis V, Tsaganos T, et al. Compartmentalization of lipid peroxidation in sepsis by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria: experimental and clinical evidence. Crit Care. 2013;17(1):R6. doi:10.1186/cc11930
  • Zarkovic N, Jakovcevic A, Mataic A, et al. Post-mortem findings of inflammatory cells and the association of 4-hydroxynonenal with systemic vascular and oxidative stress in lethal COVID-19. Cells. 2022;11(3). doi:10.3390/cells11030444
  • Hsu CG, Chã¡vez CL, Zhang C, Sowden M, Yan C, Berk BC. The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and macrophage pyroptosis. Cell Death Differ. 2022;29(9):1790–1803. doi:10.1038/s41418-022-00966-5
  • Yu X, Meng X, Xu M, et al. Celastrol ameliorates cisplatin nephrotoxicity by inhibiting NF-ΰB and improving mitochondrial function. EBioMedicine. 2018;36:266–280. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.031
  • Wu J, Liu Q, Zhang X, et al. The interaction between STING and NCOA4 exacerbates lethal sepsis by orchestrating ferroptosis and inflammatory responses in macrophages. Cell Death Dis. 2022;13(7):653. doi:10.1038/s41419-022-05115-x
  • Wang J, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Peng J, Shao L, Li X. Irisin protects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy by suppressing ferroptosis via activation of the Nrf2/GPX4 signal axis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2022;187:171–184. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.023
  • Shen K, Wang X, Wang Y, et al. miR-125b-5p in adipose derived stem cells exosome alleviates pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells ferroptosis via Keap1/Nrf2/GPX4 in sepsis lung injury. Redox Biol. 2023;62:102655. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2023.102655
  • Bayä±r H, Dixon SJ, Tyurina YY, Kellum JA, Kagan VE. Ferroptotic mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2023;19(5):315–336. doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00689-x
  • Netea M, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, DomÃ-nguez-Andrés J, et al. Trained immunity: a tool for reducing susceptibility to and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cell. 2020;181(5):969–977. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.042
  • Tyurina Y, Shrivastava I, Tyurin V, et al. “Only a life lived for others is worth living”: redox signaling by oxygenated phospholipids in cell fate decisions. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2018;29(13):1333–1358. doi:10.1089/ars.2017.7124
  • Wilkie D, Johnson B, Mack A, Labotka R, Molokie R. Sickle cell disease: an opportunity for palliative care across the life span. Nurs Clin North Am. 2010;45(3):375–397. doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2010.03.003
  • Gómez H, Kellum J, Ronco C. Metabolic reprogramming and tolerance during sepsis-induced AKI. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13(3):143–151. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2016.186
  • Zhang X, Cheng Y, Zhou Q, et al. The effect of Chinese traditional medicine huaiqihuang (HQH) on the protection of nephropathy. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:2153912. doi:10.1155/2020/2153912
  • Goha A, Mezue K, Edwards P, Nunura F, Baugh D, Madu E. COVID-19 and the heart: an update for clinicians. Clin Cardiol. 2020;43(11):1216–1222. doi:10.1002/clc.23406
  • Friedrich O, Reid M, Van den Berghe G, et al. The sick and the weak: neuropathies/myopathies in the critically Ill. Physiol Rev. 2015;95(3):1025–1109. doi:10.1152/physrev.00028.2014
  • Guo S, Yan S, Li W, et al. HDAC6 promotes sepsis development by impairing PHB1-mediated mitochondrial respiratory chain function. Aging. 2020;12(6):5411–5422. doi:10.18632/aging.102964
  • Sato T, Chang H, Bayeva M, et al. mRNA-binding protein tristetraprolin is essential for cardiac response to iron deficiency by regulating mitochondrial function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115(27):E6291–E300. doi:10.1073/pnas.1804701115
  • Li X, Duan L, Yuan S, Zhuang X, Qiao T, He J. Ferroptosis inhibitor alleviates Radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) via down-regulation of TGF-β1. J Inflamm. 2019;16:11. doi:10.1186/s12950-019-0216-0
  • Park I, Kim M, Choe K, et al. Neutrophils disturb pulmonary microcirculation in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Europ Respirat J. 2019;53(3):1800786. doi:10.1183/13993003.00786-2018
  • Khodayar M, Kiani M, Hemmati A, et al. The preventive effect of atorvastatin on paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rats. Adv Pharm Bull. 2014;4(4):345–349. doi:10.5681/apb.2014.050
  • Dong H, Qiang Z, Chai D, et al. Nrf2 inhibits ferroptosis and protects against acute lung injury due to intestinal ischemia reperfusion via regulating SLC7A11 and HO-1. Aging. 2020;12(13):12943–12959. doi:10.18632/aging.103378
  • Krishnamoorthy N, Abdulnour R, Walker K, Engstrom B, Levy B. Specialized proresolving mediators in innate and adaptive immune responses in airway diseases. Physiol Rev. 2018;98(3):1335–1370. doi:10.1152/physrev.00026.2017
  • Deng M, Scott M, Fan J, Billiar T. Location is the key to function: HMGB1 in sepsis and trauma-induced inflammation. J Leukocyte Bio. 2019;106(1):161–169. doi:10.1002/JLB.3MIR1218-497R
  • Song X, Xie Y, Kang R, et al. FANCD2 protects against bone marrow injury from ferroptosis. Biochem Bio Res Communicat. 2016;480(3):443–449. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.068
  • Aslan G, Gómez H, Tektemur A, Sahna E. Ischemic postconditioning reduced myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: the roles of melatonin and uncoupling protein 3. Anatol J Cardiol. 2020;23(1):19–27. doi:10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2019.72609
  • Avedissian S, Skochko S, Le J, et al. Use of simulation strategies to predict subtherapeutic meropenem exposure caused by augmented renal clearance in critically Ill pediatric patients with sepsis. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2020;25(5):413–422. doi:10.5863/1551-6776-25.5.413
  • Werner S, Sharma R, Woodruff K, et al. CSF-1 in osteocytes inhibits Nox4-mediated oxidative stress and promotes normal bone homeostasis. JBMR Plus. 2020;4(7):e10080. doi:10.1002/jbm4.10080
  • Gunnerson K, Shaw A, Chawla L, et al. TIMP2•IGFBP7 biomarker panel accurately predicts acute kidney injury in high-risk surgical patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;80(2):243–249. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000000912
  • Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wang H, et al. Histone demethylase KDM3B protects against ferroptosis by upregulating SLC7A11. FEBS Open Bio. 2020;10(4):637–643. doi:10.1002/2211-5463.12823
  • Derespina K, Kaushik S, Plichta A, et al. Clinical manifestations and outcomes of critically Ill children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City. J Pediatr. 2020;226:55–63.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.039
  • Wallgren U, Bohm K, Kurland L. Presentations of adult septic patients in the prehospital setting as recorded by emergency medical services: a mixed methods analysis. Scand J Trauma Resuscitat Emerg Med. 2017;25(1):23. doi:10.1186/s13049-017-0367-z
  • Wei X-B, Jiang W-Q, Zeng J-H, et al. Exosome-Derived lncRNA NEAT1 exacerbates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by promoting ferroptosis through regulating miR-9-5p/TFRC and GOT1 axis. Mol Neurobiol. 2022;59(3):1954–1969. doi:10.1007/s12035-022-02738-1
  • Wang J, Yang S, Jing G, et al. Inhibition of ferroptosis protects sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Cytokine. 2023;161:156078. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156078