The Biological and Regulatory Role of Type VI Secretion System of Klebsiella pneumoniae

References

• Yu KW, Xue P, Fu Y, Yang L. T6SS mediated stress responses for bacterial environmental survival and host adaptation. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(2). doi:10.3390/ijms22020478
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le NH, Pinedo V, Lopez J, Cava F, Feldman MF. Killing of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by a bifunctional cell wall-targeting T6SS effector. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021;118(40). doi:10.1073/pnas.2106555118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang M, Zhou X, Bao Y, et al. Comprehensive genomic analysis reveals extensive diversity of type I and type IV secretion systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Curr Microbiol. 2023;80(8):270. doi:10.1007/s00284-023-03362-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pukatzki S, Ma AT, Sturtevant D, et al. Identification of a conserved bacterial protein secretion system in Vibrio cholerae using the Dictyostelium host model system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103(5):1528–1533. doi:10.1073/pnas.0510322103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broms JE, Meyer L, Lavander M, Larsson P, Sjostedt A. DotU and VgrG, core components of type VI secretion systems, are essential for Francisella LVS pathogenicity. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34639. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blondel CJ, Amaya FA, Bustamante P, Santiviago CA, Pezoa D. Identification and distribution of new candidate T6SS effectors encoded in salmonella pathogenicity Island 6. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1252344. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1252344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trunk K, Peltier J, Liu YC, et al. The type VI secretion system deploys antifungal effectors against microbial competitors. Nat Microbiol. 2018;3(8):920–931. doi:10.1038/s41564-018-0191-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fridman CM, Keppel K, Gerlic M, Bosis E, Salomon D. A comparative genomics methodology reveals a widespread family of membrane-disrupting T6SS effectors. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):1085. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14951-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu W, Lu H, Wang C, Wang G, Dong W, Tan C. Effectors of the type VI secretion system have the potential to be modified into antimicrobial peptides. Microbiol Spectr. 2023;11(4):e0030823. doi:10.1128/spectrum.00308-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decoin V, Barbey C, Bergeau D, et al. A type VI secretion system is involved in Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterial competition. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89411. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jani AJ, Cotter PA. Type VI secretion: not just for pathogenesis anymore. Cell Host Microbe. 2010;8(1):2–6. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2010.06.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tashiro Y, Yawata Y, Toyofuku M, Uchiyama H, Nomura N. Interspecies interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other microorganisms. Microbes Environ. 2013;28(1):13–24. doi:10.1264/jsme2.ME12167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X, Liu H, Zhang Y, Shen X. Roles of type VI secretion system in transport of metal ions. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:756136. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.756136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanarek K, Fridman CM, Bosis E, Salomon D. The RIX domain defines a class of polymorphic T6SS effectors and secreted adaptors. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):4983. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40659-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paczosa MK, Mecsas J. Klebsiella pneumoniae: going on the offense with a strong defense. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2016;80(3):629–661. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00078-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmadi M, Ranjbar R, Behzadi P, Mohammadian T. Virulence factors, antibiotic resistance patterns, and molecular types of clinical isolates of Klebsiella Pneumoniae. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2022;20(3):463–472. doi:10.1080/14787210.2022.1990040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt KE, Wertheim H, Zadoks RN, et al. Genomic analysis of diversity, population structure, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, an urgent threat to public health. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112(27):E3574–3581. doi:10.1073/pnas.1501049112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karampatakis T, Tsergouli K, Behzadi P. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: virulence factors, molecular epidemiology and latest updates in treatment options. Antibiotics. 2023;12:2.
   Google Scholar
• Hsieh PF, Lu YR, Lin TL, Lai LY, Wang JT. Klebsiella pneumoniae type VI secretion system contributes to bacterial competition, cell invasion, type-1 fimbriae expression, and in vivo colonization. J Infect Dis. 2019;219(4):637–647. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Ye M, Li X, et al. Identification and characterization of an antibacterial type VI secretion system in the carbapenem-resistant strain Klebsiella pneumoniae HS11286. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017;7:442. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Xu Y, Huang Y. Virulence genotype and correlation of clinical severeness with presence of the type VI secretion system in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates causing bloodstream infections. Infect Drug Resist. 2022;15:1487–1497. doi:10.2147/IDR.S353858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyer F, Fichant G, Berthod J, Vandenbrouck Y, Attree I. Dissecting the bacterial type VI secretion system by a genome wide in silico analysis: what can be learned from available microbial genomic resources? BMC Genomics. 2009;10:104. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng J, Leung KY. Dissection of a type VI secretion system in Edwardsiella tarda. Mol Microbiol. 2007;66(5):1192–1206. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05993.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh RP, Kumari K. Bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS): an evolved molecular weapon with diverse functionality. Biotechnol Lett. 2023;45(3):309–331. doi:10.1007/s10529-023-03354-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li W, Liu X, Tsui W, et al. Identification and comparative genomic analysis of type VI secretion systems and effectors in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:853744. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.853744
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cascales E, Cambillau C. Structural biology of type VI secretion systems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2012;367(1592):1102–1111. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarro-Garcia F, Ruiz-Perez F, Cataldi A, Larzabal M. Type VI secretion system in pathogenic Escherichia coli: structure, role in virulence, and acquisition. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:1965. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hespanhol JT, Nobrega-Silva L, Bayer-Santos E. Regulation of type VI secretion systems at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional and posttranslational level. Microbiology. 2023;169(8). doi:10.1099/mic.0.001376
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nguyen VS, Douzi B, Durand E, Roussel A, Cascales E, Cambillau C. Towards a complete structural deciphering of Type VI secretion system. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2018;49:77–84. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2018.01.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cianfanelli FR, Alcoforado Diniz J, Guo M, De Cesare V, Trost M, Coulthurst SJ. VgrG and PAAR proteins define distinct versions of a functional type VI secretion system. PLoS Pathog. 2016;12(6):e1005735. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber BS, Kinsella RL, Harding CM, Feldman MF. The secrets of Acinetobacter secretion. Trends Microbiol. 2017;25(7):532–545. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiman PG, Basler M, Ramagopal UA, et al. Type VI secretion apparatus and phage tail-associated protein complexes share a common evolutionary origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(11):4154–4159. doi:10.1073/pnas.0813360106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douzi B, Logger L, Spinelli S, Blangy S, Cambillau C, Cascales E. Structure-function analysis of the C-terminal domain of the type VI secretion TssB tail sheath subunit. J Mol Biol. 2018;430(3):297–309. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2017.11.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Do Nascimento Soares T, Silva Valadares V, Cardoso Amorim G, et al. The C-terminal extension of VgrG4 from Klebsiella pneumoniae remodels host cell microfilaments. Proteins. 2022;90(9):1655–1668. doi:10.1002/prot.26344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shneider MM, Buth SA, Ho BT, Basler M, Mekalanos JJ, Leiman PG. PAAR-repeat proteins sharpen and diversify the type VI secretion system spike. Nature. 2013;500(7462):350–353. doi:10.1038/nature12453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basler M, Pilhofer M, Henderson GP, Jensen GJ, Mekalanos JJ. Type VI secretion requires a dynamic contractile phage tail-like structure. Nature. 2012;483(7388):182–186. doi:10.1038/nature10846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard SA, Furniss RCD, Bonini D, et al. The breadth and molecular basis of hcp-driven type VI Secretion system effector delivery. mBio. 2021;12(3):e0026221. doi:10.1128/mBio.00262-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durand E, Cambillau C, Cascales E, Journet L. VgrG, Tae, Tle, and beyond: the versatile arsenal of Type VI secretion effectors. Trends Microbiol. 2014;22(9):498–507. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2014.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang X, Zheng HY, Zhao YJ, et al. VgrG Spike Dictates PAAR Requirement for the assembly of the type VI secretion system. J Bacteriol. 2023;205(2):e0035622. doi:10.1128/jb.00356-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alcoforado Diniz J, Liu YC, Coulthurst SJ. Molecular weaponry: diverse effectors delivered by the Type VI secretion system. Cell Microbiol. 2015;17(12):1742–1751. doi:10.1111/cmi.12532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Zou Y, She P, Wu Y. Composition, function, and regulation of T6SS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Res. 2015;172:19–25. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2015.01.004
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cherrak Y, Rapisarda C, Pellarin R, et al. Biogenesis and structure of a type VI secretion baseplate. Nat Microbiol. 2018;3(12):1404–1416. doi:10.1038/s41564-018-0260-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen VS, Logger L, Spinelli S, et al. Type VI secretion TssK baseplate protein exhibits structural similarity with phage receptor-binding proteins and evolved to bind the membrane complex. Nat Microbiol. 2017;2:17103. doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherrak Y, Filella-Merce I, Schmidt V, et al. Inhibiting type VI secretion system activity with a biomimetic peptide designed to target the baseplate wedge complex. mBio. 2021;12(4):e0134821. doi:10.1128/mBio.01348-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapisarda C, Cherrak Y, Kooger R, et al. In situ and high-resolution cryo-EM structure of a bacterial type VI secretion system membrane complex. EMBO J. 2019;38(10). doi:10.15252/embj.2018100886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin M, Yan Z, Li X. Architecture of type VI secretion system membrane core complex. Cell Res. 2019;29(3):251–253. doi:10.1038/s41422-018-0130-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherrak Y, Flaugnatti N, Durand E, Journet L, Cascales E. Structure and activity of the type VI secretion system. Microbiol Spectr. 2019;7(4). doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.PSIB-0031-2019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonemann G, Pietrosiuk A, Diemand A, Zentgraf H, Mogk A. Remodelling of VipA/VipB tubules by ClpV-mediated threading is crucial for type VI protein secretion. EMBO J. 2009;28(4):315–325. doi:10.1038/emboj.2008.269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlieker C, Zentgraf H, Dersch P, Mogk A. ClpV, a unique Hsp100/Clp member of pathogenic proteobacteria. Biol Chem. 2005;386(11):1115–1127. doi:10.1515/BC.2005.128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapitein N, Bonemann G, Pietrosiuk A, et al. ClpV recycles VipA/VipB tubules and prevents non-productive tubule formation to ensure efficient type VI protein secretion. Mol Microbiol. 2013;87(5):1013–1028. doi:10.1111/mmi.12147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dix SR, Owen HJ, Sun R, et al. Structural insights into the function of type VI secretion system TssA subunits. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):4765. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07247-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santin YG, Doan T, Lebrun R, Espinosa L, Journet L, Cascales E. In vivo TssA proximity labelling during type VI secretion biogenesis reveals TagA as a protein that stops and holds the sheath. Nat Microbiol. 2018;3(11):1304–1313. doi:10.1038/s41564-018-0234-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoued A, Durand E, Santin YG, et al. TssA: the cap protein of the Type VI secretion system tail. Bioessays. 2017;39(10). doi:10.1002/bies.201600262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Planamente S, Salih O, Manoli E, Albesa-Jove D, Freemont PS, Filloux A. TssA forms a gp6-like ring attached to the type VI secretion sheath. EMBO J. 2016;35(15):1613–1627. doi:10.15252/embj.201694024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stietz MS, Liang X, Li H, Zhang X, Dong TG. TssA-TssM-TagA interaction modulates type VI secretion system sheath-tube assembly in Vibrio cholerae. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):5065. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18807-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pira H, Risdian C, Musken M, Schupp PJ, Wink J. Photobacterium arenosum WH24, isolated from the gill of pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas from the North Sea of Germany: co-cultivation and prediction of virulence. Curr Microbiol. 2022;79(8):219. doi:10.1007/s00284-022-02909-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunet YR, Zoued A, Boyer F, Douzi B, Cascales E. The Type VI Secretion TssEFGK-VgrG phage-like baseplate is recruited to the TssJLM membrane complex via multiple contacts and serves as assembly platform for tail tube/sheath polymerization. PLoS Genet. 2015;11(10):e1005545. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebl D, Robert-Genthon M, Job V, Cogoni V, Attree I. Baseplate component TssK and spatio-temporal assembly of T6SS in pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:1615. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01615
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zoued A, Cassaro CJ, Durand E, et al. Structure-function analysis of the TssL cytoplasmic domain reveals a new interaction between the type VI secretion baseplate and membrane complexes. J Mol Biol. 2016;428(22):4413–4423. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2016.08.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng HY, Yang L, Dong T. More than just a spearhead: diverse functions of PAAR for assembly and delivery of toxins of the contractile injection systems. mSystems. 2021;6(6):e0138621. doi:10.1128/msystems.01386-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y G, J L, W H. Advances in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii type VI secretion systems. Chin J Microbiol Immunol. 2021;41(08):640–644.
   Google Scholar
• Lawlor MS, Hsu J, Rick PD, Miller VL. Identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae virulence determinants using an intranasal infection model. Mol Microbiol. 2005;58(4):1054–1073. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04918.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarris PF, Zoumadakis C, Panopoulos NJ, Scoulica EV. Distribution of the putative type VI secretion system core genes in Klebsiella spp. Infect Genet Evol. 2011;11(1):157–166. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2010.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barret M, Egan F, Fargier E, Morrissey JP, O’Gara F. Genomic analysis of the type VI secretion systems in Pseudomonas spp.: novel clusters and putative effectors uncovered. Microbiology. 2011;157(Pt 6):1726–1739. doi:10.1099/mic.0.048645-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barret M, Egan F, O’Gara F. Distribution and diversity of bacterial secretion systems across metagenomic datasets. Environ Microbiol Rep. 2013;5(1):117–126. doi:10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00394.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell AB, Wexler AG, Harding BN, et al. A type VI secretion-related pathway in Bacteroidetes mediates interbacterial antagonism. Cell Host Microbe. 2014;16(2):227–236. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2014.07.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Guan J, Wang M, et al. SecReT6 update: a comprehensive resource of bacterial Type VI Secretion Systems. Sci China Life Sci. 2023;66(3):626–634. doi:10.1007/s11427-022-2172-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bock D, Medeiros JM, Tsao HF, et al. In situ architecture, function, and evolution of a contractile injection system. Science. 2017;357(6352):713–717. doi:10.1126/science.aan7904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lery LM, Frangeul L, Tomas A, et al. Comparative analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae genomes identifies a phospholipase D family protein as a novel virulence factor. BMC Biol. 2014;12:41. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-12-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa VAA, Lery LMS. Insights into Klebsiella pneumoniae type VI secretion system transcriptional regulation. BMC Genomics. 2019;20(1):506. doi:10.1186/s12864-019-5885-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Storey D, McNally A, Astrand M, et al. Klebsiella pneumoniae type VI secretion system-mediated microbial competition is PhoPQ controlled and reactive oxygen species dependent. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16(3):e1007969. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzsimons TC, Lewis JM, Wright A, et al. Identification of novel Acinetobacter baumannii type VI Secretion system antibacterial effector and immunity pairs. Infect Immun. 2018;86(8). doi:10.1128/IAI.00297-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sa-Pessoa J, Lopez-Montesino S, Przybyszewska K, et al. A trans-kingdom T6SS effector induces the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and activates innate immune receptor NLRX1 to promote infection. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):871. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36629-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merciecca T, Bornes S, Nakusi L, et al. Role of Klebsiella pneumoniae Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in long-term gastrointestinal colonization. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):16968. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21396-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao W, Huang HH, Huang QS, et al. Distribution of type VI secretion system (T6SS) in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from a Chinese hospital and its potential relationship with virulence and drug resistance. Microb Pathog. 2022;162:105085. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas J, Watve SS, Ratcliff WC, Hammer BK. Horizontal gene transfer of functional type VI killing genes by natural transformation. mBio. 2017;8(4). doi:10.1128/mBio.00654-17
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen F, Zhang W, Schwarz S, et al. Genetic characterization of an MDR/virulence genomic element carrying two T6SS gene clusters in a clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate of swine origin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019;74(6):1539–1544. doi:10.1093/jac/dkz093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu P, Yang A, Tang B, et al. Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the type VI secretion system in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing abscesses. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1181701. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1181701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapitein N, Mogk A. Deadly syringes: type VI secretion system activities in pathogenicity and interbacterial competition. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2013;16(1):52–58. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2012.11.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dey S, Gaur M, Sykes EME, et al. Unravelling the evolutionary dynamics of high-risk Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 clones: insights from comparative pangenome analysis. Genes. 2023;14(5):1037. doi:10.3390/genes14051037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou M, Lan Y, Wang S, et al. Epidemiology and molecular characteristics of the type VI secretion system in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from bloodstream infections. J Clin Lab Anal. 2020;34(11):e23459. doi:10.1002/jcla.23459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Guo Y, Liu Z, Chang Z. The type VI secretion system contributes to the invasiveness of liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Infect Dis. 2023;228:1127–1136. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiad166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman JM, Brunet YR, Cascales E, Mougous JD. Structure and regulation of the type VI secretion system. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2012;66:453–472. doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-121809-151619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyata ST, Bachmann V, Pukatzki S. Type VI secretion system regulation as a consequence of evolutionary pressure. J Med Microbiol. 2013;62(Pt 5):663–676. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.053983-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ali SS, Xia B, Liu J, Navarre WW. Silencing of foreign DNA in bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2012;15(2):175–181. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2011.12.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ares MA, Fernandez-Vazquez JL, Rosales-Reyes R, et al. H-NS nucleoid protein controls virulence features of Klebsiella pneumoniae by regulating the expression of type 3 Pili and the capsule polysaccharide. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2016;6:13. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2016.00013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ares MA, Fernandez-Vazquez JL, Pacheco S, et al. Additional regulatory activities of MrkH for the transcriptional expression of the Klebsiella pneumoniae mrk genes: antagonist of H-NS and repressor. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0173285. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bent ZW, Poorey K, LaBauve AE, Hamblin R, Williams KP, Meagher RJ. A rapid spin column-based method to enrich pathogen transcripts from eukaryotic host cells prior to sequencing. PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0168788. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gueguen E, Durand E, Zhang XY, d’Amalric Q, Journet L, Cascales E. Expression of a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis type VI secretion system is responsive to envelope stresses through the OmpR transcriptional activator. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66615. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang W, Wang Y, Song Y, et al. A type VI secretion system regulated by OmpR in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis functions to maintain intracellular pH homeostasis. Environ Microbiol. 2013;15(2):557–569. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin TH, Chen Y, Kuo JT, et al. Phosphorylated OmpR is required for type 3 fimbriae expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae under hypertonic conditions. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2405. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong Fok Lung T, Charytonowicz D, Beaumont KG, et al. Klebsiella pneumoniae induces host metabolic stress that promotes tolerance to pulmonary infection. Cell Metab. 2022;34(5):761–774 e769. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2022.03.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennequin C, Forestier C. oxyR, a LysR-type regulator involved in Klebsiella pneumoniae mucosal and abiotic colonization. Infect Immun. 2009;77(12):5449–5457. doi:10.1128/IAI.00837-09
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivasan VB, Mondal A, Venkataramaiah M, Chauhan NK, Rajamohan G. Role of oxyRKP, a novel LysR-family transcriptional regulator, in antimicrobial resistance and virulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microbiology. 2013;159(Pt 7):1301–1314. doi:10.1099/mic.0.065052-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peng D, Li X, Liu P, et al. Transcriptional regulation of galF by RcsAB affects capsular polysaccharide formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae NTUH-K2044. Microbiol Res. 2018;216:70–78. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2018.08.010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Su K, Zhou X, Luo M, et al. Genome-wide identification of genes regulated by RcsA, RcsB, and RcsAB phosphorelay regulators in Klebsiella pneumoniae NTUH-K2044. Microb Pathog. 2018;123:36–41. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown MJ, Russo BC, O’Dee DM, Schmitt DM, Nau GJ. The contribution of the glycine cleavage system to the pathogenesis of Francisella tularensis. Microbes Infect. 2014;16(4):300–309. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2013.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallik P, Pratt TS, Beach MB, Bradley MD, Undamatla J, Osuna R. Growth phase-dependent regulation and stringent control of fis are conserved processes in enteric bacteria and involve a single promoter (fis P) in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 2004;186(1):122–135. doi:10.1128/JB.186.1.122-135.2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Ma J, Cheng P, et al. Roles of two-component regulatory systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae: regulation of virulence, antibiotic resistance, and stress responses. Microbiol Res. 2023;272:127374. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2023.127374
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang F, Yan X, Bai J, et al. Identification of the BolA protein reveals a novel virulence factor in K. pneumoniae that contributes to survival in host. Microbiol Spectr. 2022;10(5):e0037822. doi:10.1128/spectrum.00378-22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar