Potential Causes of Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance and Preventive Measures in One Health Perspective-A Review

References

• WHO. Antimicrobial Resistance; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• D’Costa VM, King CE, Kalan L, et al. Antibiotic resistance is ancient. Nature. 2011;477(7365):457–461. doi:10.1038/nature10388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker S, Thomson N, Weill F-X, et al. Genomic insights into the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens. Science. 2018;360(6390):733–738. doi:10.1126/science.aar3777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson DI, Balaban NQ, Baquero F, et al. Antibiotic resistance: turning evolutionary principles into clinical reality. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2020;44(2):171–188. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaa001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luepke KH, Suda KJ, Boucher H, et al. Past, present, and future of antibacterial economics: increasing bacterial resistance, limited antibiotic pipeline, and societal implications. Pharmacotherapy. 2017;37(1):71–84. doi:10.1002/phar.1868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen US, Muller A, Brandt CT, et al. Effect of generics on price and consumption of ciprofloxacin in primary healthcare: the relationship to increasing resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65(6):1286–1291. doi:10.1093/jac/dkq093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO, Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial Resistance. No time to wait: securing the future from drug-resistant infections, Report to the secretary-general of the united nations; 2019. 1: p. 28.
   Google Scholar
• Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, et al. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022;399(10325):629–655. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tacconelli E, Carrara E, Savoldi A, et al. Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(3):318–327. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30753-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan ZA, Siddiqui MF, Park S. Current and emerging methods of antibiotic susceptibility testing. Diagnostics. 2019;9(2):49. doi:10.3390/diagnostics9020049
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wernli D, Jørgensen PS, Morel CM, et al. Mapping global policy discourse on antimicrobial resistance. BMJ Glob Health. 2017;2(2):e000378. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwengwere K, Paramel Nair H, Hughes KA, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in Antarctica: is it still a pristine environment? Microbiome. 2022;10(1):1–13. doi:10.1186/s40168-022-01250-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peixoto RS, Harkins DM, Nelson KE. Advances in microbiome research for animal health. Ann Rev Animal Biosci. 2021;9(1):289–311. doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-091020-075907
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baquero F, Coque TM, Martínez J-L, et al. Gene transmission in the one health microbiosphere and the channels of antimicrobial resistance. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:2892. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02892
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rillig MC, Mansour I. Microbial ecology: community coalescence stirs things up. Curr Biol. 2017;27(23):R1280–R1282. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velazquez ME, Galarde-López M, Carrillo-Quiróz B, et al. Antimicrobial resistance: one Health approach. Vet World. 2022;15(3):743. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2022.743-749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karakonstantis S, Kalemaki D. Antimicrobial overuse and misuse in the community in Greece and link to antimicrobial resistance using methicillin-resistant S. aureus as an example. J Infect Public Health. 2019;12(4):460–464. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2019.03.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancuso G, Midiri A, Gerace E, et al. Bacterial antibiotic resistance: the most critical pathogens. Pathogens. 2021;10(10):1310. doi:10.3390/pathogens10101310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manohar P, Loh B, Leptihn S. Will the overuse of antibiotics during the Coronavirus pandemic accelerate antimicrobial resistance of bacteria? Infect Microbes Dis. 2020;2(3):87. doi:10.1097/IM9.0000000000000034
   Google Scholar
• Cantón R, Horcajada JP, Oliver A, et al. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospitals: the complex relationship between antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2013;31:3–11. doi:10.1016/S0213-005X(13)70126-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sulis G, Daniels B, Kwan A, et al. Antibiotic overuse in the primary health care setting: a secondary data analysis of standardised patient studies from India, China and Kenya. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5(9):e003393. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naveed M. Antibiotics resistance mechanism. In: Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Environment. Elsevier; 2020:292–312.
   Google Scholar
• Tao S. The spread of antibiotic resistance genes in vivo model. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2022;2022. doi:10.1155/2022/3348695
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laxminarayan R, Matsoso P, Pant S, et al. Access to effective antimicrobials: a worldwide challenge. Lancet. 2016;387(10014):168–175. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00474-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyk JM, Szydłowska N, Szulc W, et al. Evolution of Influenza Viruses—Drug Resistance, Treatment Options, and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(20):12244. doi:10.3390/ijms232012244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Duin D, Paterson DL. Multidrug-resistant bacteria in the community: trends and lessons learned. Infect Dis Clin. 2016;30(2):377–390. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2016.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramaniam G, Girish M. Antibiotic resistance—A cause for reemergence of infections. Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87(11):937–944. doi:10.1007/s12098-019-03180-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinoth R, Kumar RS, Venkateswaramurthy N. Misuse of Antibiotic during COVID 19 Outbreaks. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2021;11(6–S):181–187. doi:10.22270/jddt.v11i6-S.5102
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Nepal G, Bhatta S. Self-medication with antibiotics in WHO Southeast Asian Region: a systematic review. Cureus. 2018;10(4). doi:10.7759/cureus.2428
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rappuoli R, Young P, Ron E, et al. Save the microbes to save the planet. A call to action of the International Union of the Microbiological Societies (IUMS). One Health Outlook. 2023;5(1):1–5. doi:10.1186/s42522-023-00077-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iwu CD, Korsten L, Okoh AI. The incidence of antibiotic resistance within and beyond the agricultural ecosystem: a concern for public health. Microbiologyopen. 2020;9(9):e1035. doi:10.1002/mbo3.1035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ventola CL. The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. Pharm Ther. 2015;40(4):277.
   Google Scholar
• Karkman A, Pärnänen K, Larsson DJ. Fecal pollution can explain antibiotic resistance gene abundances in anthropogenically impacted environments. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):80. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07992-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stanton IC, Bethel A, Leonard AFC, et al. Existing evidence on antibiotic resistance exposure and transmission to humans from the environment: a systematic map. Environ Evid. 2022;11(1):1–24. doi:10.1186/s13750-022-00262-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almagor J, Temkin E, Benenson I, et al. The impact of antibiotic use on transmission of resistant bacteria in hospitals: insights from an agent-based model. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0197111. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar M, Sarma DK, Shubham S, et al. Futuristic non-antibiotic therapies to combat antibiotic resistance: a review. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:609459. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.609459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chia PY, Sengupta S, Kukreja A, et al. The role of hospital environment in transmissions of multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020;9(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/s13756-020-0685-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith RP, May HE, AbuOun M, et al. A longitudinal study reveals persistence of antimicrobial resistance on livestock farms is not due to antimicrobial usage alone. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:700. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1070340
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cave R, Cole J, Mkrtchyan HV. Surveillance and prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria from public settings within urban built environments: challenges and opportunities for hygiene and infection control. Environ Int. 2021;157:106836. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang L, Liu C, Li Z, et al. Characteristics of Virulent ST5-SCC mec II Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Prevalent in a Surgery Ward. Infect Drug Resist. 2023;Volume 16:3487–3495. doi:10.2147/IDR.S410330
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraemer SA, Ramachandran A, Perron GG. Antibiotic pollution in the environment: from microbial ecology to public policy. Microorganisms. 2019;7(6):180. doi:10.3390/microorganisms7060180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He Y, Yuan Q, Mathieu J, et al. Antibiotic resistance genes from livestock waste: occurrence, dissemination, and treatment. NPJ Clean Water. 2020;3(1):4. doi:10.1038/s41545-020-0051-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dafale NA, Srivastava S, Purohit HJ. Zoonosis: an emerging link to antibiotic resistance under “one health approach”. Indian J Microbiol. 2020;60:139–152. doi:10.1007/s12088-020-00860-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Accolti M, Soffritti I, Mazzacane S, et al. Fighting AMR in the healthcare environment: microbiome-based sanitation approaches and monitoring tools. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(7):1535. doi:10.3390/ijms20071535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooban B, Fitzhenry K, Cahill N, et al. A point prevalence survey of antibiotic resistance in the Irish environment, 2018–2019. Environ Int. 2021;152:106466. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma L, Yang H, Guan L, et al. Risks of antibiotic resistance genes and antimicrobial resistance under chlorination disinfection with public health concerns. Environ Int. 2022;158:106978. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atta H, Idris SM, Gulumbe BH, et al. Detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes in strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from recreational water and tertiary hospital waste water in Zaria, Nigeria. Int J Environ Health Res. 2022;32(9):2074–2082. doi:10.1080/09603123.2021.1940884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin J, Peng Y, Ou QT, et al. A molecular epidemiological study of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci environmental contamination in railway stations and coach stations in Guangzhou of China. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2017;64(2):131–137. doi:10.1111/lam.12700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Qiu Y, Yu A, et al. Characteristics of airborne Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA) in Chinese public buildings. Aerobiologia. 2015;31(1):11–19. doi:10.1007/s10453-014-9342-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivaraman G, Muneeb KH, Sudha S, et al. Fish-borne methicillin resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus carrying atypical staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements. Gene Rep. 2021;22:100982. doi:10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100982
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Li G, Zhu Q, et al. Occurrence of parabens, triclosan and triclocarban in paired human urine and indoor dust from two typical cities in China and its implications for human exposure. Sci Tot Environ. 2021;786:147485. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao C, Shi J, Wang X, et al. Occurrence and distribution of parabens and bisphenols in sediment from northern Chinese coastal areas. Environ Pollut. 2019;253:759–767. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Gao J, Wang S, et al. Triclocarban shifted the microbial communities and promoted the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in nitrifying granular sludge system. Bioresour Technol. 2022;347:126429. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exner M, Bhattacharya S, Gebel J, et al. Chemical disinfection in healthcare settings: critical aspects for the development of global strategies. GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2020;15. doi:10.3205/dgkh000371
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chawla J, Shrivastav A. Antimicrobial Tolerance in Biofilms, in Application of Biofilms in Applied Microbiology. Elsevier; 2022:235–255.
   Google Scholar
• Elekhnawy E, Sonbol F, Abdelaziz A, et al. Potential impact of biocide adaptation on selection of antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates. Future J Pharm Sci. 2020;6(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s43094-020-00119-w
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iniguez MM, Avila-Novoa MG, Gutierrez-Lomeli M. Resistance of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms to disinfectants in the presence of organic matter and their residual effect on stainless steel and polypropylene. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2018;14:197–201. doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2018.04.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merchel B, Wang X, Tagkopoulos I. Biocide-induced emergence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:640923. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.640923
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mahnert A, Moissl-Eichinger C, Zojer M, et al. Man-made microbial resistances in built environments. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):968. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08864-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pokharel S, Shrestha P, Adhikari B. Antimicrobial use in food animals and human health: time to implement ‘One Health’approach. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020;9:1–5. doi:10.1186/s13756-020-00847-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch N, Islam NF, Sonowal S, et al. Environmental antibiotics and resistance genes as emerging contaminants: methods of detection and bioremediation. Curr Res Microbial Sci. 2021;2:100027. doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100027
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu Z, Wang K, Zhang Y, et al. High prevalence and diversity characteristics of blaNDM, mcr, and blaESBLs harboring multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from chicken, pig, and cattle in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;11:1364.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Founou LL, Founou RC, Essack SY. Antimicrobial resistance in the farm-to-plate continuum: more than a food safety issue. Future Sci OA. 2021;7(5):FSO692. doi:10.2144/fsoa-2020-0189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jans C, Sarno E, Collineau L, et al. Consumer exposure to antimicrobial resistant bacteria from food at Swiss retail level. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:362. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman TS, Barnett-Itzhaki Z, Berman T, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals: towards implementing a one health based national action plan in Israel. Isr J Health Policy Res. 2023;12(1):18. doi:10.1186/s13584-023-00562-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhouma M, Archambault M, Butaye P. Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Animals from a One Health Perspective. Vet Sci. 2023;10:319.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nair AB, Jacob S. A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2016;7(2):27. doi:10.4103/0976-0105.177703
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Papich MG. Antimicrobial agent use in small animals what are the prescribing practices, use of PK‐PD principles, and extralabel use in the United States? J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2021;44(2):238–249. doi:10.1111/jvp.12921
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nhung NT, Cuong N, Thwaites G, et al. Antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance in animal production in Southeast Asia: a review. Antibiotics. 2016;5(4):37. doi:10.3390/antibiotics5040037
   Google Scholar
• Kim J, Hwang BK, Choi H, et al. Characterization of mcr-1-harboring plasmids from pan drug-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from retail raw chicken in South Korea. Microorganisms. 2019;7(9):344. doi:10.3390/microorganisms7090344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Jiménez D, García-Meniño I, Fernández J, et al. Chicken and Turkey meat: consumer exposure to multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae including mcr-carriers, uropathogenic E. coli and high-risk lineages such as ST131. Int J Food Microbiol. 2020;331:108750. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng W, Quan Y, Yang S, et al. Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella from Retail Foods of Animal Origin and Its Association with Disinfectant and Heavy Metal Resistance. Microb Drug Resist. 2018;24(6):782–791. doi:10.1089/mdr.2017.0127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balemi A, Gumi B, Amenu K, et al. Prevalence of mastitis and antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates from CMT positive milk samples obtained from dairy cows, camels, and goats in two pastoral districts in Southern Ethiopia. Animals. 2021;11(6):1530. doi:10.3390/ani11061530
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prevention, E.C.f.D, et al. ECDC/EFSA/EMA second joint report on the integrated analysis of the consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from humans and food‐producing animals: joint Interagency Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance Analysis (JIACRA) Report. EFSA J. 2017;15(7):e04872. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad I, Malak HA, Abulreesh HH. Environmental antimicrobial resistance and its drivers: a potential threat to public health. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2021;27:101–111. doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2021.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacanlı M, Başaran N. Importance of antibiotic residues in animal food. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;125:462–466. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canton L, Lanusse C, Moreno L. Rational pharmacotherapy in infectious diseases: issues related to drug residues in edible animal tissues. Animals. 2021;11(10):2878. doi:10.3390/ani11102878
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tufa TB, Gurmu F, Beyi AF, et al. Veterinary medicinal product usage among food animal producers and its health implications in Central Ethiopia. BMC Vet Res. 2018;14(1):1–7. doi:10.1186/s12917-018-1737-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang Y, Gu AZ, Cen T, et al. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of heavy metals facilitate the horizontal transfer of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance genes in water environment. Environ Pollut. 2018;237:74–82. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding M, Ye Z, Liu L, et al. Subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations promote the horizontal transfer of plasmid-borne resistance genes from Klebsiellae pneumoniae to Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:1017092. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao S, Hu Y, Cheng J, et al. Research progress on distribution, migration, transformation of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environment. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2018;38(8):1195–1208. doi:10.1080/07388551.2018.1471038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Checcucci A, Trevisi P, Luise D, et al. Exploring the animal waste resistome: the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes through the use of livestock manure. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:1416. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01416
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ljubojević D, Pelić M, Puvača N, et al. Resistance to tetracycline in Escherichia coli isolates from poultry meat: epidemiology, policy and perspective. Worlds Poult Sci J. 2017;73(2):409–417. doi:10.1017/S0043933917000216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoud MA, Abdel-Mohsein HS. Hysterical tetracycline in intensive poultry farms accountable for substantial gene resistance, health and ecological risk in Egypt-manure and fish. Environ Pollut. 2019;255:113039. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tóth AG, Tóth I, Rózsa B, et al. Canine saliva as a possible source of antimicrobial resistance genes. Antibiotics. 2022;11(11):1490. doi:10.3390/antibiotics11111490
   Google Scholar
• Rothrock J, James M, Castleberry L, et al. Antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial residues, and bacterial community diversity in pasture-raised poultry, swine, and beef cattle manures. J Anim Sci. 2021;99(8):kab144. doi:10.1093/jas/skab144
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vines J, Cuscó A, Napp S, et al. Transmission of similar mcr-1 carrying plasmids among different Escherichia coli lineages isolated from livestock and the farmer. Antibiotics. 2021;10(3):313. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10030313
   Google Scholar
• Aworh MK, Abiodun-Adewusi O, Mba N, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli among slaughterhouse workers. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):13362. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92819-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai H, He L-Y, Wu D-L, et al. Spread of airborne antibiotic resistance from animal farms to the environment: dispersal pattern and exposure risk. Environ Int. 2022;158:106927. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwenzi W, Shamsizadeh Z, Gholipour S, et al. The air-borne antibiotic resistome: occurrence, health risks, and future directions. Sci Total Environ. 2022;804:150154. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou G, Qiu X, Wu X, et al. Horizontal gene transfer is a key determinant of antibiotic resistance genes profiles during chicken manure composting with the addition of biochar and zeolite. J Hazard Mater. 2021;408:124883. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernando AS, Coque TM, Baquero F, et al. Defining and combating antibiotic resistance from One Health and Global Health perspectives. Nat Microbiol. 2019;4(9):1432–1442. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0503-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitag C, Michael GB, Li J, et al. Occurrence and characterisation of ESBL-encoding plasmids among Escherichia coli isolates from fresh vegetables. Vet Microbiol. 2018;219:63–69. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian M, He X, Feng Y, et al. Pollution by antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in livestock and poultry manure in China, and countermeasures. Antibiotics. 2021;10(5):539. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10050539
   Google Scholar
• Larsson DJ, Flach C-F. Antibiotic resistance in the environment. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20(5):257–269. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00649-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith WP, Wucher BR, Nadell CD, Foster KR. Bacterial defences: mechanisms, evolution and antimicrobial resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21:519–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulder M Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections; 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Dame ZT, Rahman M, Islam T. Bacilli as sources of agrobiotechnology: recent advances and future directions. Green Chem Lett Rev. 2021;14(2):246–271. doi:10.1080/17518253.2021.1905080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anwar M, Iqbal Q, Saleem F. Improper disposal of unused antibiotics: an often overlooked driver of antimicrobial resistance. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2020;18(8):697–699. doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1754797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall B, Mateus AL, Marshall L, et al., Drivers, dynamics and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in animal production. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Ayele Y, Mamu M. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice towards disposal of unused and expired pharmaceuticals among community in Harar city, Eastern Ethiopia. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2018;11:1–7. doi:10.1186/s40545-018-0155-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bashaar M, et al. Disposal practices of unused and expired pharmaceuticals among general public in Kabul. BMC Public Health. 2017;17:1–8. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3954-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton IC, Murray AK, Zhang L, et al. Evolution of antibiotic resistance at low antibiotic concentrations including selection below the minimal selective concentration. Commun Biol. 2020;3(1):467. doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01176-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang K, Zhuang T, Su Z, et al. Antibiotic residues in wastewaters from sewage treatment plants and pharmaceutical industries: occurrence, removal and environmental impacts. Sci Tot Environ. 2021;788:147811. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madikizela LM, Nuapia YB, Chimuka L, et al. Target and Suspect Screening of Pharmaceuticals and their Transformation Products in the Klip River, South Africa, using Ultra‐High–Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2022;41(2):437–447. doi:10.1002/etc.5265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulvi A, Aydın S, Aydın ME. Fate of selected pharmaceuticals in hospital and municipal wastewater effluent: occurrence, removal, and environmental risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2022;29(50):75609–75625. doi:10.1007/s11356-022-21131-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zalewska M, Błażejewska A, Czapko A, et al. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in animal manure–consequences of its application in agriculture. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:640. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.610656
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao F, Yang L, Chen L, et al. Bioaccumulation of antibiotics in crops under long-term manure application: occurrence, biomass response and human exposure. Chemosphere. 2019;219:882–895. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwenzi W, Musiyiwa K, Mangori L. Sources, behaviour and health risks of antimicrobial resistance genes in wastewaters: a hotspot reservoir. J Environ Chem Eng. 2020;8(1):102220. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2018.02.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan Z, Xiong C, Liu H, et al. Sustainable agricultural practices contribute significantly to one health. J Sustain Agric Environ. 2022;1(3):165–176. doi:10.1002/sae2.12019
   Google Scholar
• Yang Q, Ren S, Niu T, et al. Distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in chicken manure and manure-fertilized vegetables. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2014;21(2):1231–1241. doi:10.1007/s11356-013-1994-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varlet V, Bouvet A, Cadas H, et al. Toward safer thanatopraxy cares: formaldehyde‐releasers use. J Anat. 2019;235(5):863–872. doi:10.1111/joa.13047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paiga P, Delerue C. Determination of pharmaceuticals in groundwater collected in five cemeteries’ areas (Portugal). Sci Tot Environ. 2016;569:16–22. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva RBPD, Campos MC, Silva LS, et al. Concentration of heavy metals in soils under cemetery occupation in Amazonas, Brazil. Soil Sediment Contam. 2020;29(2):192–208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwenzi W. The ‘thanato-resistome’-The funeral industry as a potential reservoir of antibiotic resistance: early insights and perspectives. Sci Total Environ. 2020;749:141120. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abia ALK, Ubomba-Jaswa E, Schmidt C, et al. Where did they come from—multi-drug resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli in a cemetery environment? Antibiotics. 2018;7(3):73. doi:10.3390/antibiotics7030073
   Google Scholar
• Miller SA, Ferreira JP, LeJeune JT. Antimicrobial use and resistance in plant agriculture: a one health perspective. Agriculture. 2022;12(2):289. doi:10.3390/agriculture12020289
   Google Scholar
• Ramakrishnan B, Venkateswarlu K, Sethunathan N, et al. Local applications but global implications: can pesticides drive microorganisms to develop antimicrobial resistance? Sci Tot Environ. 2019;654:177–189. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rangasamy K, Athiappan M, Devarajan N, et al. Pesticide degrading natural multidrug resistance bacterial flora. Microb Pathog. 2018;114:304–310. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurenbach B, Marjoshi D, Amábile-Cuevas CF, et al. Sublethal exposure to commercial formulations of the herbicides dicamba, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and glyphosate cause changes in antibiotic susceptibility in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. MBio. 2015;6(2):e00009–15. doi:10.1128/mBio.00009-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu J, Jin M, Nguyen SH, et al. Non-antibiotic antimicrobial triclosan induces multiple antibiotic resistance through genetic mutation. Environ Int. 2018;118:257–265. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Cocerva T, Cox S, et al. Evidence for co-selection of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in metal polluted urban soils. Sci Tot Environ. 2019;656:512–520. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rangasamy K, Athiappan M, Devarajan N, et al. Emergence of multi drug resistance among soil bacteria exposing to insecticides. Microb Pathog. 2017;105:153–165. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeballos-Gross D, Rojas-Sereno Z, Salgado-Caxito M, et al. The role of gulls as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments: a scoping review. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:703886. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.703886
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ruppe E, Ghozlane A, Tap J, et al. Prediction of the intestinal resistome by a three-dimensional structure-based method. Nat Microbiol. 2019;4(1):112–123. doi:10.1038/s41564-018-0292-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Lallo G, D’Andrea MM, Sennati S, et al. Evidence of another anthropic impact on Iguana delicatissima from the Lesser Antilles: the presence of antibiotic resistant enterobacteria. Antibiotics. 2021;10(8):885. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10080885
   Google Scholar
• Vittecoq M, Godreuil S, Prugnolle F, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife. J Appl Ecol. 2016;53(2):519–529. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12596
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan SA, Imtiaz MA, Sayeed MA, et al. Antimicrobial resistance pattern in domestic animal-wildlife-environmental niche via the food chain to humans with a Bangladesh perspective; a systematic review. BMC Vet Res. 2020;16:1–13. doi:10.1186/s12917-020-02519-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atterby C, Börjesson S, Ny S, et al. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in Swedish gulls—a case of environmental pollution from humans? PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0190380. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee S, Fan P, Liu T, et al. Transmission of antibiotic resistance at the wildlife-livestock interface. Commun Biol. 2022;5(1):585. doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03520-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desvars-Larrive A, Ruppitsch W, Lepuschitz S, et al. Urban brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) as possible source of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp., Vienna, Austria, 2016 and 2017. Eurosurveillance. 2019;24(32):1900149. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.32.1900149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobur A, Haque ZF, Sabuj AA, et al. Molecular detection of multidrug and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from house flies in various environmental settings. Future Microbiol. 2019;14(10):847–858. doi:10.2217/fmb-2019-0053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obeng-Nkrumah N, et al. Household cockroaches carry CTX-M-15-, OXA-48-and NDM-1-producing enterobacteria, and share beta-lactam resistance determinants with humans. BMC Microbiol. 2019;19:1–11. doi:10.1186/s12866-018-1372-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seifert JD. Antimicrobial Stewardship and its Effects on Resistant Organisms. 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Majumder MAA, Rahman S, Cohall D, et al. Antimicrobial stewardship: fighting antimicrobial resistance and protecting global public health. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;Volume 13:4713–4738. doi:10.2147/IDR.S290835
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donà D, Barbieri E, Daverio M, et al. Implementation and impact of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs: a systematic scoping review. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020;9:1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiersnowska Z, Lemiech-Mirowska E, Michałkiewicz M, et al. Hand hygiene as the basic method of reducing Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) in a hospital environment. Ann Agri Environ Med. 2021;28(4):535–540. doi:10.26444/aaem/131121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bock L, Wand M, Sutton J. Varying activity of chlorhexidine-based disinfectants against Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates and adapted strains. J Hosp Infect. 2016;93(1):42–48. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2015.12.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber DJ, Kanamori H, Rutala WA. ‘No touch’technologies for environmental decontamination: focus on ultraviolet devices and hydrogen peroxide systems. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2016;29(4):424–431. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanganyado E, Gwenzi W. Antibiotic resistance in drinking water systems: occurrence, removal, and human health risks. Sci Tot Environ. 2019;669:785–797. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassegoda A, Ivanova K, Ramon E, et al. Strategies to prevent the occurrence of resistance against antibiotics by using advanced materials. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018;102(5):2075–2089. doi:10.1007/s00253-018-8776-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulus GK, Hornstra LM, Alygizakis N, et al. The impact of on-site hospital wastewater treatment on the downstream communal wastewater system in terms of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2019;222(4):635–644. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.01.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musoke D, Namata C, Lubega GB, et al. The role of Environmental Health in preventing antimicrobial resistance in low-and middle-income countries. Environ Health Prev Med. 2021;26(1):1–6. doi:10.1186/s12199-021-01023-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen KU, Knirsch C, Anderson AS. The role of vaccines in preventing bacterial antimicrobial resistance. Nat Med. 2018;24(1):10–19. doi:10.1038/nm.4465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen KU, Anderson AS. The role of vaccines in fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(9):2142–2149. doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1476814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palai S, Derecho CM, Kesh SS, et al. Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and its importance in the management of diseases. Func Foods Nutraceut. 2020;173–196.
   Google Scholar
• Anadon A, Ares I, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, et al. Prebiotics and probiotics in feed and animal health. Nutraceut Vet Med. 2019;261–285.
   Google Scholar
• Yan Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, et al. Advances of peptides for antibacterial applications. Biointerfaces. 2021;202:111682. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helmy YA, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Hawwas HA, et al. Antimicrobial Resistance and Recent Alternatives to Antibiotics for the Control of Bacterial Pathogens with an Emphasis on Foodborne Pathogens. Antibiotics. 2023;12(2):274.
   Google Scholar
• Uchil RR, Kohli GS, KateKhaye VM, Swami OC. Strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(7):ME01.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Serwecinska L. Antimicrobials and antibiotic-resistant bacteria: a risk to the environment and to public health. Water. 2020;12(12):3313. doi:10.3390/w12123313
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florez-Cuadrado D, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in the food chain in the European Union. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2018;86:115–136.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christou A, Agüera A, Bayona JM, et al. The potential implications of reclaimed wastewater reuse for irrigation on the agricultural environment: the knowns and unknowns of the fate of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes–a review. Water Res. 2017;123:448–467. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayukekbong JA, Ntemgwa M, Atabe AN. The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2017;6(1):1–8. doi:10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs TG, Robertson J, van den Ham HA, et al. Assessing the impact of law enforcement to reduce over-The-counter (OTC) sales of antibiotics in low-and middle-income countries; a systematic literature review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19(1):1–15. doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4359-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bank W. Drug-Resistant Infections: A Threat to Our Economic Future. World Bank; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Antimicrobial Resistance Multi-Partner Trust Fund annual report 2021. 2022: Food & Agriculture Org.
   Google Scholar
• More SJ. European perspectives on efforts to reduce antimicrobial usage in food animal production. Ir Vet J. 2020;73(1):2. doi:10.1186/s13620-019-0154-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes V, Cunha E, Nunes T, et al. Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical and Commensal Escherichia coli Canine Isolates: profile Characterization and Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Results According to Different Guidelines. Vet Sci. 2022;9(6):284. doi:10.3390/vetsci9060284
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mahmoud SF, Fayez M, Swelum AA, et al. Genetic Diversity, Biofilm Formation, and Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Cow, Camel, and Mare with Clinical Endometritis. Vet Sci. 2022;9(5):239. doi:10.3390/vetsci9050239
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mazinska B, Struzycka I, Hryniewicz W, Gupta V. Surveys of public knowledge and attitudes with regard to antibiotics in Poland: did the European Antibiotic Awareness Day campaigns change attitudes? PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0172146. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew P, Sivaraman S, Chandy S. Communication strategies for improving public awareness on appropriate antibiotic use: bridging a vital gap for action on antibiotic resistance. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(6):1867. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_263_19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OIE, W.O.f.A.H. Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Paris: World Organization for Animal Health; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Hygiene DOF, Bergšpica I, Kaprou G, et al. Identification of risk factors and hotspots of antibiotic resistance along the food chain using next‐generation sequencing. EFSA J. 2020;18(Suppl 1):e181107. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2020.e181107
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ruppe E, Bengtsson-Palme J, Charretier Y, Schrenzel J. How next-generation sequencing can address the antimicrobial resistance challenge. AMR Control. 2019;20:60–66.
   Google Scholar
• Kasimanickam V, Kasimanickam M, Kasimanickam R. Antibiotics use in food animal production: escalation of antimicrobial resistance: where are we now in combating AMR? Med Sci. 2021;9(1):14. doi:10.3390/medsci9010014
   Google Scholar
• Rahman MM, Alam Tumpa MA, Zehravi M, et al. An overview of antimicrobial stewardship optimization: the use of antibiotics in humans and animals to prevent resistance. Antibiotics. 2022;11(5):667. doi:10.3390/antibiotics11050667
   Google Scholar
• Huber N, Andraud M, Sassu EL, et al. What is a biosecurity measure? A definition proposal for animal production and linked processing operations. One Health. 2022;15:100433. doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Postma M, Backhans A, Collineau L, et al. Evaluation of the relationship between the biosecurity status, production parameters, herd characteristics and antimicrobial usage in farrow-to-finish pig production in four EU countries. Porcine Health Manag. 2016;2(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/s40813-016-0028-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Callaway TR, Lillehoj H, Chuanchuen R, et al. Alternatives to antibiotics: a symposium on the challenges and solutions for animal health and production. Antibiotics. 2021;10(8):1024. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10050471
   Google Scholar
• Farha A, Yang QQ, Kim G, et al. Tannis as an alternative to antibiotics. Food Biosci. 2020;38:100751.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magrys A, Olender A, Tchorzewska D. Antibacterial properties of Allium sativum L. against the most emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria and its synergy with antibiotics. Arch Microbiol. 2021;203(5):2257–2268. doi:10.1007/s00203-021-02248-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan RU, Khan A, Naz S, et al. Potential applications of Moringa oleifera in poultry health and production as alternative to antibiotics: a review. Antibiotics. 2021;10(12):1540. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10121540
   Google Scholar
• Abdel-Tawab H, Abdel-Haleem HM, Abdel-Baki A-AS, et al. Anticoccidial and antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on murine intestinal eimeriosis. Acta Parasitol. 2020;65(4):823–830. doi:10.2478/s11686-020-00219-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magana M, Pushpanathan M, Santos AL, et al. The value of antimicrobial peptides in the age of resistance. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(9):e216–e230. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30327-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dicks LM, Dreyer L, Smith C, et al. A review: the fate of bacteriocins in the human gastro-intestinal tract: do they cross the gut–blood barrier? Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2297. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marutescu LG, Jaga M, Postolache C, et al. Insights into the impact of manure on the environmental antibiotic residues and resistance pool. Front Microbiol. 2022;3489.
   Google Scholar
• Gurmessa B, Pedretti EF, Cocco S, et al. Manure anaerobic digestion effects and the role of pre-and post-treatments on veterinary antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes removal efficiency. Sci Tot Environ. 2020;721:137532. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver JP, Gooch CA, Lansing S, et al. Invited review: fate of antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes in US dairy manure management systems. J Dairy Sci. 2020;103(2):1051–1071. doi:10.3168/jds.2019-16778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subirats J, Murray R, Scott A, et al. Composting of chicken litter from commercial broiler farms reduces the abundance of viable enteric bacteria, Firmicutes, and selected antibiotic resistance genes. Sci Total Environ. 2020;746:141113. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klumper U, Recker M, Zhang L, et al. Selection for antimicrobial resistance is reduced when embedded in a natural microbial community. ISME J. 2019;13(12):2927–2937. doi:10.1038/s41396-019-0483-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Q-L, An X-L, Zheng B-X, et al. Loss of soil microbial diversity exacerbates spread of antibiotic resistance. Soil Ecol Lett. 2019;1(1–2):3–13. doi:10.1007/s42832-019-0011-0
   Google Scholar
• Iskandar K, Molinier L, Hallit S, et al. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in low-and middle-income countries: a scattered picture. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2021;10(1):1–19. doi:10.1186/s13756-021-00931-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Singh A, Dar MA, et al. Menace of antimicrobial resistance in LMICs: current surveillance practices and control measures to tackle hostility. J Infect Public Health. 2022;15(2):172–181. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.12.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeger FN, Bechir M, Harouna M, et al. Challenges and opportunities for healthcare workers in a rural district of Chad. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2799-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Loosli K, Davis A, Muwonge A, et al. Addressing antimicrobial resistance by improving access and quality of care—a review of the literature from East Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(7):e0009529. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simegn W, Moges G, Aslam MS. Awareness and knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and factors associated with knowledge among adults in Dessie City, Northeast Ethiopia: community-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2022;17(12):e0279342. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chukwu EE, Oladele DA, Enwuru CA, et al. Antimicrobial resistance awareness and antibiotic prescribing behavior among healthcare workers in Nigeria: a national survey. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):1–12. doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05689-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulumbe BH, Haruna UA, Almazan J, et al. Combating the menace of antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a review on stewardship, surveillance and diagnostic strategies. Biol Proced Online. 2022;24(1):1–13. doi:10.1186/s12575-022-00182-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wozniak TM, Cuningham W, Ledingham K, et al. Contribution of socio-economic factors in the spread of antimicrobial resistant infections in Australian primary healthcare clinics. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2022;30:294–301. doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2022.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allel K, García P, Labarca J, et al. Socioeconomic factors associated with antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in Chilean hospitals (2008–2017). Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2020;44. doi:10.26633/RPSP.2020.30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mambula G, Nanjebe D, Munene A, et al. Practices and challenges related to antibiotic use in paediatric treatment in hospitals and health centres in Niger and Uganda: a mixed methods study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2023;12(1):67. doi:10.1186/s13756-023-01271-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua AQ, Verma M, Hsu LY, et al. An analysis of national action plans on antimicrobial resistance in Southeast Asia using a governance framework approach. Lancet Reg Health–Western Pac. 2021;7:100084. doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100084
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gongal G, Ofrin RH, de Balogh K. Operationalization of One Health and tripartite collaboration in the Asia-Pacific region. WHO South-East Asia J Public Health. 2020;9(1):21–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laborda P, Sanz-García F, Ochoa-Sánchez LE, et al. Wildlife and antibiotic resistance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:568.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar