316
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus Species at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Ethiopia: A Five-Year Retrospective Analysis

ORCID Icon, &
Pages 6155-6166 | Received 10 Jul 2023, Accepted 08 Sep 2023, Published online: 13 Sep 2023

References

  • Fiore E, van Tyne D, Gilmore MS. Pathogenicity of enterococci. Gram Positive Pathog. 2019;2007(8):378–397. doi:10.1128/9781683670131.ch24
  • Tong SYC, Davis JS, Eichenberger E, Holland TL, Fowler VG. Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015;28(3):603–661. doi:10.1128/CMR.00134-14
  • Zhen X, Lundborg CS, Sun X, Hu X, Dong H. Economic burden of antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE organisms: a systematic review. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019;8(1). doi:10.1186/s13756-019-0590-7
  • Sakr A, Brégeon F, Mège JL, Rolain JM, Blin O. Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization: an update on mechanisms, epidemiology, risk factors, and subsequent infections. Front Microbiol. 2018;9(OCT):1–15. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02419
  • Lowy FD. Staphylococcus aureus infections. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(8):520–532. doi:10.1056/NEJM199808203390806
  • Rasigade JP, Vandenesch F. Staphylococcus aureus: a pathogen with still unresolved issues. Infect Genet Evol. 2014;21:510–514. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.08.018
  • Boucher HW, Corey GR. Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(SUPPL. 5):S344–S349. doi:10.1086/533590
  • Seby R, Kim C, Khreis M, Khreis K. Enterococcus faecalis -induced infective endocarditis: an unusual source of infection and a rare clinical presentation. J Int Med Res. 2022;50(7):030006052211120. doi:10.1177/03000605221112019
  • Levitus M, Rewane APT. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
  • Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. M100 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2022.
  • Cong Y, Yang S, Rao X. Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a review of case updating and clinical features. J Adv Res. 2020;22:21. doi:10.1016/j.jare.2019.10.005
  • Rubinstein E, Keynan Y. Vancomycin revisited - 60 years later. Front Public Heal. 2014;2(OCT):1–7. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00217
  • Hasanpour AH, Sepidarkish M, Mollalo A, et al. The global prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in residents of elderly care centers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2023;12(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/s13756-023-01210-6
  • Wu Q, Sabokroo N, Wang Y, Hashemian M, Karamollahi S, Kouhsari E. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2021;10(1):1–13. doi:10.1186/s13756-021-00967-y
  • Eshetie S, Tarekegn F, Moges F, Amsalu A, Birhan W, Huruy K. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1). doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2014-0
  • Deyno S, Fekadu S, Astatkie A. Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to antimicrobial agents in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2017;6(1). doi:10.1186/s13756-017-0243-7
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. VRE pathogen page; 2019:2. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/pdf/threats-report/vre-508.pdf. Accessed September 09, 2023.
  • Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, et al. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022;399(10325):629–655. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0
  • Wayne P; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Quality Control for Commercially Prepared Microbiological Culture Media; Approved Standard CLSI Document M22-A3. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2004.
  • Garoy EY, Gebreab YB, Achila OO, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern among patients—a multicenter study in Asmara, Eritrea. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2019;2019:1–9. doi:10.1155/2019/8321834
  • Godebo G, Kibru G, Tassew H. Multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates in infected wounds at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2013;12(1). doi:10.1186/1476-0711-12-17
  • Dilnessa T, Bitew A. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1). doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1742-5
  • Kejela T, Dekosa F. High prevalence of MRSA and VRSA among inpatients of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Trop Med Int Heal. 2022;27(8). doi:10.1111/tmi.13789
  • Yilema A, Moges F, Tadele S, et al. Isolation of enterococci, their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated factors among patients attending at the University of Gondar Teaching Hospital. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1). doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2363-3
  • Ashagrie D, Genet C, Abera B. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci and coagulase-negative staphylococci prevalence among patients attending at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2021;16(4 April). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249823
  • Tsige Y, Tadesse S, G/Eyesus T, et al. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and associated risk factors among patients with wound infection at referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. J Pathog. 2020;2020:1–7. doi:10.1155/2020/3168325
  • Gebremedhn G, Gebremariam TT, Wasihun AG, Dejene TA, Saravanan M. Prevalence and risk factors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization among HIV patients in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia. Springerplus. 2016;5(1). doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2613-7
  • Tefera S, Awoke T, Mekonnen D. Methicillin and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and associated factors from surgical ward inpatients at debre markos referral hospital, northwest Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14. doi:10.2147/IDR.S324042
  • Tamire T, Eticha T, Gelgelu TB. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: the magnitude and risk factors among patients admitted to tikur anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol. 2021;2021:1–7. doi:10.1155/2021/9933926
  • Kahsay A, Mihret A, Abebe T, Andualem T. Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with surgical site infection at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Arch Public Heal. 2014;72(1). doi:10.1186/2049-3258-72-16
  • Mama M, Aklilu A, Misgna K, Tadesse M, Alemayehu E. Methicillin- and inducible clindamycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients with wound infection attending Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol. 2019;2019:1–9. doi:10.1155/2019/2965490
  • Ayobami O, Brinkwirth S, Eckmanns T, Markwart R. Antibiotic resistance in hospital-acquired ESKAPE-E infections in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2022;11(1). doi:10.1080/22221751.2022.2030196
  • Ghahremani M, Jazani NH, Sharifi Y. Emergence of vancomycin-intermediate and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus among methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolated from clinical specimens in the northwest of Iran. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2018;14. doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2018.01.017
  • Shariati A, Dadashi M, Moghadam MT, van Belkum A, Yaslianifard S, Darban-Sarokhalil D. Global prevalence and distribution of vancomycin resistant, vancomycin intermediate and heterogeneously vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-020-69058-z
  • Shrestha S, Kharel S, Homagain S, Aryal R, Mishra SK. Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Asia—A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2021;46(5):1226–1237. doi:10.1111/jcpt.13383
  • Ferede ZT, Tullu KD, Derese SG, Yeshanew AG. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Enterococcus species isolated from different clinical samples at black lion specialized teaching hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1). doi:10.1186/s13104-018-3898-0
  • Pfaller MA, Cormican M, Flamm RK, Mendes RE, Jones RN. Temporal and geographic variation in antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance patterns of enterococci: results From the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6(Suppl 1):S54–S62. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy344
  • Orababa OQ, Soriwei JD, Akinsuyi SO, Essiet UU, Solesi OM. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) among Nigerians. Porto Biomed J. 2021;6(1):e125. doi:10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000125
  • Moghimbeigi A, Moghimbeygi M, Dousti M, et al. Prevalence of vancomycin resistance among isolates of enterococci in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2018;9:177–188. doi:10.2147/ahmt.s180489
  • Azzam A, Elkafas H, Khaled H, Ashraf A, Yousef M, Elkashef AA. Prevalence of Vancomycin ‑ resistant enterococci (VRE) in Egypt (2010 – 2022): a systematic review and meta ‑ analysis. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2023;9. doi:10.1186/s42506-023-00133-9
  • Melese A, Genet C, Andualem T. Prevalence of Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1). doi:10.1186/s12879-020-4833-2
  • Katip W, Okonogi S, Oberdorfer P. The thirty-day mortality rate and nephrotoxicity associated with trough serum vancomycin concentrations during treatment of enterococcal infections: a propensity score matching analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2022;12(January):1–12. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.773994
  • Katip W, Oberdorfer P. A monocentric retrospective study of auc/mic ratio of vancomycin associated with clinical outcomes and nephrotoxicity in patients with enterococcal infections. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(9):1–12. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13091378
  • Issaranggoon Na Ayuthaya S, Katip W, Oberdorfer P, Lucksiri A. Correlation of the vancomycin 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC24) and trough serum concentration in children with severe infection: a clinical pharmacokinetic study. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;92:151–159. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2019.12.036
  • Preeja PP, Kumar SH, Shetty V. Prevalence and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from community- and hospital-associated infections: a tertiary care center study. Antibiotics. 2021;10(2):197. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10020197
  • Article O, Malhotra R, Grover P. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Methicillin ‑ resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonizing the anterior nares of health ‑ care workers and outpatients attending the remotely India. J Lab Physicians. 2017;9:317–321. doi:10.4103/JLP.JLP
  • Mohanty S, Behera B, Sahu S, Praharaj AK. Recent pattern of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Eastern India and the emergence of reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. J Lab Physicians. 2019;11(4):340–345. doi:10.4103/jlp.jlp_39_19
  • Wangai FK, Masika MM, Maritim MC, Seaton RA. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in East Africa: red alert or red herring? BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1). doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4245-3
  • Saravolatz LD, Pawlak J, Johnson LB. In vitro susceptibilities and molecular analysis of vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(4):582–586. doi:10.1093/cid/cis492
  • Sievert DM, Rudrik JT, Patel JB, McDonald LC, Wilkins MJ, Hageman JC. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States, 2002–2006. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(5):668–674. doi:10.1086/527392
  • Klein EY, Mojica N, Jiang W, et al. Trends in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus hospitalizations in the United States, 2010–2014. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(11):1921–1923. doi:10.1093/cid/cix640
  • Renggli L, Gasser M, Buetti N, Kronenberg A. Increase in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections in Switzerland: a nationwide surveillance study (2008–2021). Infection. 2023;51(4):1025–1031. doi:10.1007/s15010-023-01980-6
  • Sivaradjy M, Gunalan A, Priyadarshi K, Madigubba H, Rajshekar D, Sastry AS. Increasing trend of vancomycin-resistant enterococci bacteremia in a tertiary care hospital, south India: a three-year prospective study. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2021;25(8):882–886. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23916
  • Ayobami O, Willrich N, Reuss A, Eckmanns T, Markwart R. The ongoing challenge of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in Europe: an epidemiological analysis of bloodstream infections. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9:1180–1193. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1769500