Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Species and Associated Factors Among Under-Five Children with Diarrhea at Randomly Selected Public Health Facilities in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia

References

• Debalkie G, Id D, Id YY, Aleminew W, Id YA. Diarrhea and associated factors among under five children in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from demographic and health surveys of 34 sub-Saharan countries. PLoS One. 2021;24(9):1–13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257522
   Google Scholar
• Merid MW, Alem AZ, Chilot D, Belay DG. Impact of access to improved water and sanitation on diarrhea reduction among rural under ‑ five children in low and middle ‑ income countries: a propensity score matched analysis. Trop Med Health. 2023;51(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s41182-023-00525-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girmay AM, Gari SR, Alemu BM, Martin R, Gebreyohannes Gebremariam A. Diarrheal disease and associated behavioural factors among food handlers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. AIMs Public Heal. 2020;7(1):100–113. doi:10.3934/publichealth.2020010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolde D, Tilahun GA, Kotiso KS, Medhin G, Eguale T. The burden of diarrheal diseases and its associated factors among under-five children in Welkite Town: a community based cross-sectional study. Int J Public Health. 2022;67:1–9. doi:10.3389/ijph.2022.1604960
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon ET, Gari SR, Alemu BM, Solomon ET. Prevalence and risk factors of diarrhea among children less than five years of age in the rural suburbs of Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia; Robust Poisson Regression Analysis. Afr Health Sci. 2022;22(4):653–663. doi:10.4314/ahs.v22i4.71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gessesse DN, Tarekegn AA. Prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in the Jawi district, Awi Zone Ethiopia, 2019. Community based comparative cross-sectional study. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:1–9. doi:10.3389/fped.2022.890304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazaheri M, Rezaei MH, Aalinezhad M, Sharif MR, Akhavan T. Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Pediatric Campylobacter spp. Acute Gastroenteritis. Arch Pediatr Infect Dis. 2016;4(4):1–6. doi:10.5812/pedinfect.35730.Research
   Google Scholar
• Cai H, Shao Y, Yu W. Prevalence and associated factors of acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents aged from 6 to 17 years old: a cross- - sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database 1999 – 2018. BMJ Open. 2023;13(2):1–8. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068319
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakhtunkhwa K, Khan MA. Epidemiological studies on gastroenteritis in children in the Bannu district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J Public Heal from Theory to Pract. 2023;31:739–746.
   Google Scholar
• Liu F, Lee SA, Xue J, Riordan SM, Zhang L. Global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and the impact of COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:1–37. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.979055
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epps SVR, Harvey RB, Hume ME, Phillips TD, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ. Foodborne Campylobacter: infections, Metabolism, Pathogenesis and Reservoirs. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013;10(12):6292–6304. doi:10.3390/ijerph10126292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samie A, Moropeng RC, Tanih NF, et al. Epidemiology of Campylobacter infections among children of 0 – 24 months of age in South Africa. Arch Public Health. 2022;80(1):107. doi:10.1186/s13690-022-00850-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigusu Y, Abdissa A, Tesfaw G, Kim H-Y. Campylobacter gastroenteritis among under-five children in Southwest Ethiopia. Gut Pathog. 2022;14(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/s13099-022-00517-w
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hankel J, Gibson T, Skov J, et al. Monitoring of Campylobacter jejuni in a chicken infection model by measuring specific volatile organic compounds and by qPCR. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):1–11. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15863-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serwecińska L. Antimicrobials and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Water. 2020;12(12):3313. doi:10.3390/w12123313
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao F, Tu L, Chen M, et al. Erythromycin resistance of clinical Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Shanghai, China. Front Microbiol. 2023;14(May). doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1145581
   Google Scholar
• Lόpez-Vélez R, Lebens M, Bundy L, Barriga J, Steffen R. Bacterial travellers’ diarrhoea: a narrative review of literature published over the past 10 years. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2022;47:102293. doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behailu Y, Hussen S, Alemayehu T, Mengistu M, Fenta DA, Algammal AM. Susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter infection among under-five children with diarrhea at Governmental Hospitals in Hawassa city, Sidama, Ethiopia. A cross-. PLoS One. 2022;17(5):1–19. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266976
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sainato R, Elgendy A, Kuroiwa J, Guerry P, Riddle MS, Porter CK. Epidemiology of campylobacter infections among children in Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018;98(2):581–585. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mebrahtom S, Worku A, Gage DJ, Jaafar MH, Abdullah H. The risk of water, sanitation and hygiene on diarrhea-related infant mortality in eastern Ethiopia: a population-based nested case- control. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1–14. doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12735-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansarifar E, Riahi SM, Tasara T, Sadighara P, Zeinali T. Campylobacter prevalence from food, animals, human and environmental samples in Iran: a systematic review and meta ‑ analysis. BMC Microbiol. 2023;23(1):1–20. doi:10.1186/s12866-023-02879-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mbindyo SN, Kitaa JMA, Abuom TO, et al. Molecular prevalence and risk factors of campylobacter infection in puppies in the Nairobi Metropolitan Region, Kenya. Vet Med Int. 2023;2023:1–7. doi:10.1155/2023/8813405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charoenwat B, Suwannaying K, Paibool W, Laoaroon N, Sutra S, Thepsuthammarat K. Burden and pattern of acute diarrhea in Thai children under 5 years of age: a 5 ‑ year descriptive analysis based on Thailand National Health Coverage (NHC) data. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13598-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terefe Y, Deblais L, Ghanem M, Helmy YA. Co-occurrence of Campylobacter species in children from Eastern Ethiopia, and Their Association With Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Diarrhea, and Host Microbiome. Front Public Health. 2020;8:1–16. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiros M, Gebru SB, Tewelde B. Knowledge, attitude, practice and associated factors towards COVID-19 and its prevention measures among residents of Mekelle City, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia: a community-based cross sectional study. J Public Health. 2023;12:1–16. doi:10.1007/s10389-023-01826-3
   Google Scholar
• Saeed A, Abd H, Sandstrom G. Microbial aetiology of acute diarrhoea in children under five years of age in Khartoum, Sudan. J Microbiol. 2015;64:432–437. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tambe AB, Nzefa LD, Nicoline NA. Childhood diarrhea determinants in Sub-Saharan Africa: a cross sectional study of Tiko-Cameroon. Challenges. 2015;6(2):229–243. doi:10.3390/challe6020229
   Google Scholar
• Schreyer ME, Olivero CR, Rossler E, et al. Current research in food science identified in a slaughterhouse in Argentina. Curr Res Food Sci. 2022;5:590–597. doi:10.1016/j.crfs.2022.03.005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tahir M, Imam E, Hussain T. Evaluation of land use/land cover changes in Mekelle City, Ethiopia using Remote Sensing and GIS. Comput Ecol Softw. 2013;3(1):9–16.
   Google Scholar
• Debelo M, Mohammed N, Tiruneh A, Tolosa T, Cartelle Gestal M. Isolation, identification and antibiotic resistance profile of thermophilic Campylobacter species from Bovine, Knives and personnel at Jimma Town Abattoir, Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):1–14. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276625
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lengerh A, Moges F, Unakal C, Anagaw B. Prevalence, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Campylobacter species among under five diarrheic children at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13(1):1–9. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-13-82
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Getamesay M, Getenet B, Ahmed Z. Prevalence of Shigella, Salmonella and Campylobacter Species and their susceptibility patterns among under five children with diarrhea in Hawassa Town, South Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2014;2(7):101–108. doi:10.4314/ejhs.v24i2.1
   Google Scholar
• Gajic I, Kabic J, Kekic D, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: a comprehensive review of currently used methods. Antibiotics. 2022;11(4):1–26. doi:10.3390/antibiotics11040427
   Google Scholar
• Paintsil EK, Ofori LA, Adobea S, et al. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp. isolated from humans and food-producing animals in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathogens. 2022;11(140):1–17. doi:10.3390/pathogens11020140
   Google Scholar
• Nigusu Y, Abdissa A, Tesfaw G. Campylobacter gastroenteritis among under-five children in Southwest Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist. 2022;15:2969–2979. doi:10.2147/IDR.S354843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hugho EA, Kumburu HH, Amani NB, et al. Enteric pathogens detected in children under five years old admitted with Diarrhea in Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Pathogens. 2023;12(618):1–11. doi:10.3390/pathogens12040618
   Google Scholar
• Pervin MK, Jhora ST, Paul S, Naher A, Sarkar D. Causative agents for diarrhoea in under 5 children in a tertiary care hospital. Bangladesh Med J Khulna. 2018;51(1–2):25–28. doi:10.3329/bmjk.v51i1-2.40470
   Google Scholar
• Aldo AML, Oliveira DB, Quetz JS, et al. Etiology and severity of diarrheal diseases in infants at the semiarid region of Brazil: a case- control study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(2):1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiyangi H, Muma JB, Malama S, et al. Identification and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial enteropathogens from children aged 0 – 59 months at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia: a prospective cross sectional study. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):1–9. doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2232-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jiwok JC, Adebowale AS, Wilson I, Kancherla V, Umeokonkwo CD. Patterns of diarrhoeal disease among under-five children in Plateau State. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1–9. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12110-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson I, Habib I, Lowman R, Engvall EO, Engvall EO. Knowledge gaps in control of Campylobacter for prevention of campylobacteriosis. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2018;65(1):30–48. doi:10.1111/tbed.12870
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sithole V, Amoako DG, Luther A, et al. Characterization of Campylobacter spp. in Intensive Pig Production in South Africa. Pathogens. 2021;10(4):1–16. doi:10.3390/pathogens10040439
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehouse CA, Zhao S, Tate H. Antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter species: mechanisms and genomic epidemiology. In: Advances in Applied Microbiology. 1st ed. Vol. 100. Elsevier Inc.; 2018:1–47. doi:10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.01.001
   Google Scholar
• Dar B. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolates from humans. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2010;7(6):7–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharifi S, Bakhshi B, Najar-peerayeh S. Significant contribution of the CmeABC Efflux pump in high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli clinical isolates. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2021;20(1):1–9. doi:10.1186/s12941-021-00439-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczepanska B, Andrzejewska M, Spica D, Klawe JJ. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from children and environmental sources in urban and suburban areas. BMC Microbiol. 2017;17(1):1–9. doi:10.1186/s12866-017-0991-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Se M, Joloba M, Kakooza A, Mulindwa K. Campylobacter spp among Children with acute diarrhea attending Mulago hospital in Kampala-Uganda. Afr Health Sci. 2009;9(3):201–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tafa B, Sewunet T, Tassew H, Asrat D. Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Campylobacter Species among Diarrheic Children at Jimma, Ethiopia. Int J Bacteriol. 2014;2014:1–7. doi:10.1155/2014/560617
   Google Scholar
• Ewnetu D, Mihret A. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Isolates from Humans. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2010;7(6):7–10. doi:10.1089/fpd.2009.0433
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zachariah OH, Lizzy MA, Rose K, Angela MM. Multiple drug resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Shigella isolated from diarrhoeic children at Kapsabet County referral hospital, Kenya. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):4–11. doi:10.1186/s12879-021-05788-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mabilika RJ, Mpolya E, Shirima G. Prevalence and predictors of self-medication with antibiotics in selected urban and rural districts of the Dodoma region, Central Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2022;11(1):1–9. doi:10.1186/s13756-022-01124-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simegn W, Moges G. Antibiotics self-medication practice and associated factors among residents in Dessie City, Northeast Ethiopia: community-based cross-sectional study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2022;16:2159–2170. doi:10.2147/PPA.S370925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar