Science-Informed Health Policies for Oral and Systemic Health

References

• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Oral Health in America: Advances and Challenges. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Pihlstrom BL. Highlights of America’s scientific contributions to dentistry: 150 years and still counting. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009;140(Suppl 1):4S–6S. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2009.0352
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gutmann JL. The evolution of America’s scientific advancements in dentistry in the past 150 years. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009;140(Suppl 1):8S–15S. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2009.0354
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Snead ML, Slavkin HC. Science is the fuel for the engine of technology and clinical practice. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009;140(Suppl 1):17S–24S. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2009.0351
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zero DT, Fontana M, Martínez-Mier EA, et al. The biology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of dental caries: scientific advances in the United States. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009;140(Suppl 1):25S–34S. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2009.0355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armitage GC, Robertson PB. The biology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases: scientific advances in the United States. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009;140(Suppl 1):36S–43S. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2009.0356
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garcia I, Tabak LA. A view of the future: dentistry and oral health in America. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009;140(Suppl1):44S–48S. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2009.0357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Satcher D. My Quest for Health Equity: Notes on Learning While Leading. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2020. Available from: https://muse.jhu.edu/book/76605. Accessed September 24, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Kronfeld JJ, Kronfeld M. Healthcare Reform in America. 2nd ed. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• United Health Foundation. Health disparities report; 2021. Available from: http://www.americashealthrankings.org/learn/reports/2021-disparities-report/introduction. Accessed August, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Edelman P. So Rich, so Poor: Why It’s so Hard to End Poverty in America. New York: The New Press; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Kamal R, Cox C, McDermott D, Ramirez M, Sawyer B. U.S. health system is performing better, though still lagging other countries. Peterson-Kaiser Health System Tracker; 2017. Available from: https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/brief/u-shealth-system-is-performing-better-though-still-lagging-behind-othercountries/. Accessed May/June, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. Key facts about spending by disease in OECD countries (Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States). Available from: https://stats.oecd.org/. Accessed July, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Implementing High-Quality Primary Care: Rebuilding the Foundation of Health Care. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2021. doi:10.17226/25983
   Google Scholar
• LaVeist TA, Gaskin D, Richard P. Economic burden of racial health inequalities in the United States. Int J Health Serv. 2011;41(2):231–238. doi:10.2190/HS.41.2http://baywood.com
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Health equity in healthy people 2030. Healthy People; 2030. Available from: https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/health-equity-healthy-people-2030. Accessed September 24, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS). CMS strategic plan pillar: health equity. Available from: https://www.cms.gov/files/document/health-equity-fact-sheet.pdf. Accessed September 24, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• D’Souza RN, Collins FS, Murthy VH. Oral health for all – realizing the promise of science. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(9):809–811. PMID: 35213102. doi:10.1056/NEJMp2118478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seirawan H, Faust S, Mulligan R. The impact of oral health on the academic performance of disadvantaged children. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(9):1729–1734. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis C, Stout J. Toothache in US children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(11):1059–1063. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.206
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jackson SL, Vann WF Jr, Kotch JB, Pahel BT, Lee JY. Impact of poor oral health on children’s school attendance and performance. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(10):1900–1906. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.200915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naavaal S, Kelekar U. School hours lost due to acute/unplanned dental care. Health Behav Policy Rev. 2018;5(2):66–73. doi:10.14485/HBPR.5.2.7
   Google Scholar
• Krisdapong S, Prasertsom P, Rattanarangsima K, Sheiham A. School absence due to toothache associated with sociodemographic factors, dental caries status, and oral health-related quality of life in 12- and 15-year-old Thai children. J Public Health Dent. 2013;73(4):321–328. doi:10.1111/jphd.12030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loveless B. Chronic absenteeism: perils and possibilities. Education corner. Available from: https://www.educationcorner.com/chronic-absenteeism.html. Accessed September 24, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Pourat N, Nicholson G. Unaffordable Dental Care is Linked to Frequent School Absences. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research; 2009. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19960616/. Accessed September 1, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Dudovitz RN, Valiente JE, Espinosa G, et al. A school-based public health model to reduce oral health disparities. J Public Health Dent. 2018;78:9–16. doi:10.1111/jphd.12216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treadwell HM, Evans CA. Oral Health in America: Removing the Stain of Disparity. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association Press; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Otto M. Teeth: The Story of Beauty, Inequality, and the Struggle for Oral Health in America. New York: The New Press; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. Advancing Oral Health in America. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. Improving Access to Oral Health Care for Vulnerable and Underserved Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Moeller J, Starkel R, Quiñonez C, Vujicic M. Income inequality in the United States and its potential effect on oral health. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017;148(6):361–368. doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2017.02.052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thuku NM, Carulli K, Costello S, Goodman HS. Breaking the cycle in Maryland: oral health policy change in the face of tragedy. J Public Health Dent. 2012;72:S7–S13. doi:10.111/j.1752-7325.2012.00328.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinanoff N, Goodman H, Klein B. The legacy of deamonte driver. J Public Health Dent. 2022;82:251–252. doi:10.1111/jphd.12535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maryland Dental Action Coalition. Adult dental benefit in Medicaid and Medicaid postpartum dental coverage. Available from: https://www.mdac.us/. Accessed September 20, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Oral Health Surveillance Report: Trends in Dental Caries and Sealants, Tooth Retention, and Edentulism, United States, 1999–2004 to 2011–2016. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services; 2019. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/publications/OHSR-2019-index.html. Accessed February 21, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• May PB, Hood H, Holder M, Rader R. The five essential concepts of developmental medicine: a medical paradigm for persons with developmental disabilities. HELEN. 2022;4:16–23.
   Google Scholar
• Nadershahi N. A message from the dental education community. HELEN. 2022;1:42–43.
   Google Scholar
• Cummings E. Fulfilling the legacy of a 12-year-old boy. J Public Health Dent. 2012;72:S5–S6. doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.2011.00300.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peres MA, Macpherson LMD, Weyant RJ, et al. Oral diseases: a global public health challenge [published correction appears in Lancet. 2019 Sep 21;394(10203):1010]. Lancet. 2019;394(10194):249–260. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31146-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dörfer C, Benz C, Aida J, Campard G. The relationship of oral health with general health and NCDs: a brief review. Int Dent J. 2017;67(Suppl2):14–18. doi:10.1111/idj.12360
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petersen PE, Bourgeois D, Ogawa H, Estupinan-Day S, Ndiaye C. The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(9):661–669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watt RG, Daly B, Allison P, et al. Ending the neglect of global oral health: time for radical action. Lancet. 2019;394(10194):261–272. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31133-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassebaum NJ, Smith AGC, Bernabé E, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years for oral conditions for 195 countries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. J Dent Res. 2017;96(4):380–387. doi:10.1177/0022034517693566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balaji SM, Seeberger GK, Hennedige O. Burden of oral diseases and noncommunicable diseases: an Asia-pacific perspective. Indian J Dent Res. 2018;29(6):820–829. doi:10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_812_18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bennett JE, Stevens GA, Mathers CD; NCD Countdown 2030 collaborators. NCD countdown 2030: worldwide trends in non-communicable disease mortality and progress towards sustainable development goal target 3.4. Lancet. 2018;392(10152):1072–1088. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31992-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf TG, Cagetti MG, Fisher J-M, Seeberger GK, Campus G. Non-communicable diseases and oral health: an overview. Front Oral Health. 2021;2:725460. doi:10.3389/froh.2021.725460
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keyes PH. The infectious and transmissible nature of experimental dental caries. Findings and implications. Arch Oral Biol. 1960;1:304–320. doi:10.1016/0003-9969(60)90091-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balakrishnan M, Simmonds RS, Tagg JR. Dental caries is a preventable infectious disease. Aust Dent J. 2000;45(4):235–245. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2000.tb00257.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caufield PW, Li Y, Dasanayake A, Saxena D. Diversity of lactobacilli in the oral cavities of young women with dental caries. Caries Res. 2007;41(1):2–8. doi:10.1159/000096099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caufield PW, Li Y, Dasanayake A. Dental caries: an infectious and transmissible disease. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2005;26(5 Suppl 1):10–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kanasi E Molecular Analysis of the Oral Microbiota of Dental Diseases. [Doctoral dissertation]. Umea, Sweden: Umea University; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Kanasi E, Johansson I, Kressin NR, Nunn ME, Kent R Jr. Microbial risk markers for childhood caries in pediatricians’ offices. J Dent Res. 2010;89(4):378–383. doi:10.1177/0022034509360010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caufield PW, Cutter GR, Dasanayake AP. Initial acquisition of mutans streptococci by infants: evidence for a discrete window of infectivity. J Dent Res. 1993;72(1):37–45. doi:10.1177/00220345930720010501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Caufield PW, Dasanayake AP, Wiener HW, Vermund SH. Mode of delivery and other maternal factors influence the acquisition of Streptococcus mutans in infants. J Dent Res. 2005;84(9):806–811. doi:10.1177/154405910508400905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhan L, Tan S, Den Besten P, Featherstone JD, Hoover CI. Factors related to maternal transmission of mutans streptococci in high-risk children-pilot study. Pediatr Dent. 2012;34(4):e86–e91.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Slayton RL. Reducing mutans streptococci levels in caregivers may reduce transmission to their children and lead to reduced caries prevalence. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2011;11(1):27–28. doi:10.1016/j.jebdp.2010.11.014
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klein MI, Flório FM, Pereira AC, Höfling JF, Gonçalves RB. Longitudinal study of transmission, diversity, and stability of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus genotypes in Brazilian nursery children. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(10):4620–4626. doi:10.1128/JCM.42.10.4620-4626.2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaengler P, Markovic L, Norden D, Jordan RA. New insights in understanding dental caries and periodontal disease: the avalanche model. Health. 2009;1(4):263–268. doi:10.4236/health.2009.14042
   Google Scholar
• Aas JA, Paster BJ, Stokes LN, Olsen I, Dewhirst FE. Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43(11):5721–5732. doi:10.1128/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aas JA, Griffen AL, Dardis SR, et al. Bacteria of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children and young adults. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46(4):1407–1417. doi:10.1128/JCM.01410-07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albandar JM. Global risk factors and risk indicators for periodontal diseases. Periodontol. 2000;29:177–206. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.290109.x
   Google Scholar
• Ashimoto A, Chen C, Bakker I, Slots J. Polymerase chain reaction detection of 8 putative periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque of gingivitis and advanced periodontitis lesions. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1996;11(4):266–273. doi:10.1111/j.1399-302x.1996.tb00180.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carlsson J, Johansson T. Sugar and the production of bacteria in the human mouth. Caries Res. 1973;7(4):273–282. doi:10.1159/000259851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsson J, Gothefors L. Transmission of Lactobacillus jensenii and Lactobacillus acidophilus from mother to child at time of delivery. J Clin Microbiol. 1975;1(2):124–128. doi:10.1128/jcm.1.2.124-128.1975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP. Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science. 1999;284(5418):1318–1322. doi:10.1126/science.284.5418.1318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewhirst FE, Chen T, Izard J, et al. The human oral microbiome. J Bacteriol. 2010;192(19):5002–5017. doi:10.1128/JB.00542-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen T, Yu WH, Izard J, Baranova OV, Lakshmanan A, Dewhirst FE. The human oral microbiome database: a web accessible resource for investigating oral microbe taxonomic and genomic information. Database. 2010;2010:baq013. doi:10.1093/database/baq013
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). Integration of Oral Health and Primary Care Practice (IOHPCP). Washington, DC: DHHS HRSA; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Harvard School of Dental Medicine Initiative. Integrating oral health and medicine. Available from: https://oralhealth.hsdm.harvard.edu/. Accessed July, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Donoff B, McDonough JE, Riedy CA. Integrating oral and general health care. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(24):2247–2249. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1410824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slavkin HC. Societal needs and the role of health care in shaping the future of dentistry in the 21st century. CDA J. 2020;48(3):145–155.
   Google Scholar
• Spielman AI, Fulmer T, Eisenberg ES, Alfano MC. Dentistry, nursing, and medicine: a comparison of core competencies. J Dent Educ. 2005;69(11):1257–1271. doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2005.69.11.tb04025.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dolce MC, Haber J, Savageau JA, Hartnett E, Riedy CA. Integrating oral health curricula into nurse practitioner graduate programs: results of a US survey. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2018;30(11):638–647. doi:10.1097/JXX.0000000000000079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haber J, Hartnett E, Allen K, et al. Putting the mouth back in the head: HEENT to HEENOT. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(3):437–441. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silk H, King R, Bennett IM, Chessman AW, Savageau JA. Assessing oral health curriculum in US family medicine residency programs: a CERA study. Fam Med. 2012;44(10):719–722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwiel K, Hesketh MA, Alpert JL, et al. The impact of oral health training for primary care clinicians: a systematic review. Fam Med. 2019;51(3):251–261. doi:10.22454/FamMed.2019.232634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Oral and dental health. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/dental.htm. Accessed July, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. QuickStats: prevalence of edentulism in adults aged >65 years, by age group and race/Hispanic origin - national health and nutrition examination Survey, 2011–2014; 2017. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6603a12.htm. Accessed July, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Total tooth loss among persons aged greater than or equal to 65 years - selected states. MMWR. 1999;48(10):206–210.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The Primary Care Collaborative. Innovations in oral health and primary care integration: alignment with the shared principles of primary care Innovations in Oral Health and Primary Care Integration. 2021. Available from: https://www.pcpcc.org/resource/innovations-oral-health-and-primary-care-integration-alignment-shared-principles. Accessed September 24, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Deo PN, Deshmukh R. Oral microbiome: unveiling the fundamentals. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2019;23(1):122–128. doi:10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_304_18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hill GB. Preterm birth: associations with genital and possibly oral microflora. Ann Periodontol. 1998;3(1):222–232. doi:10.1902/annals.1998.3.1.222
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bearfield C, Davenport ES, Sivapathasundaram V, Allaker RP. Possible association between amniotic fluid micro-organism infection and microflora in the mouth. BJOG. 2002;109(5):527–533. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.01349.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papanicolas I, Woskie LR, Jha AK. Health care spending in the United States and other high-income countries [published correction appears in JAMA. 2018 May 1;319(17):1824]. JAMA. 2018;319(10):1024–1039. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.1150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Health, United States, 2020–2021. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/topics/health-care-expenditures.htm. Accessed October 15, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Jeffcoat MK, Jeffcoat RL, Gladowski PA, Bramson JB, Blum JJ. Impact of periodontal therapy on general health: evidence from insurance data for five systemic conditions. Am J Prev Med. 2014;47:166–174. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasseh K, Vujicic M, Glick M. The relationship between periodontal interventions and healthcare costs and utilization. evidence from an integrated dental, medical, and pharmacy commercial claims database. Health Econ. 2017;26(4):519–527. doi:10.1002/hec.3316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamster IB, Malloy KP, DiMura PM, et al. Dental services and health outcomes in the New York State Medicaid program. J Dent Res. 2021;100(9):928–934. doi:10.1177/00220345211007448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamster IB, Malloy KP, MiMura PM, et al. Preventive dental care is associated with improved health care outcomes and reduced costs for Medicaid members with diabetes. Front Dent Med. 2022. doi:10.3389/fdmed.2022.952182
   Google Scholar
• Vujicic M. The booming Medicaid market. J Am Dent Assoc. 2015;146(2):136–138. doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2014.12.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Center for Health Care Strategies, Inc. Medicaid adult dental benefits: an overview; 2019. Available from: https://www.chcs.org/resource/medicaid-adult-dental-benefits-overview/. Accessed February 26, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Families USA. Community statement on medicare coverage for medically necessary oral and dental health therapies; 2002. Available from: https://familiesusa.org/resources/community-statement-on-medicare-coverage-for-medically-necessary-oral-and-dental-health-therapies/. Accessed September 24, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. Committee on quality of health care in America. In: Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Berwick DM, Nolan TW, Whittington J. The triple AIM: care, health, and cost. Health Aff. 2008;27(3):759–769. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.27.3.759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nundy S, Cooper LA, Mate KS. The quintuple AIM for health care improvement: a new imperative to advance health equity. JAMA. 2022;327(6):521–522. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.25181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epperly T, Bechtel C, Sweeney R, et al. The shared principles of primary care: a multistakeholder initiative to find a common voice. Fam Med. 2019;51(2):179–184. doi:10.22454/FamMed.2019.925587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monaghesh E, Hajizadeh A. The role of telehealth during COVID-19 outbreak: a systematic review based on current evidence. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1193. doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09301-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghai S. Teledentistry during COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(5):933–935. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panch T, Mattie H, Atun R. Artificial intelligence and algorithmic bias: implications for health systems. J Glob Health. 2019;9(2):010318. doi:10.7189/jogh.09.020318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbate J, Guynap S. Oral health goes modern. Scientific American; 2016. Available from: https://www.scientificamerican.com/custom-media/the-future-of-oral-health/oral-health-goes-modern/. Accessed October 15, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Tanner ACR, Paster BJ, Lu SC, Kanasi E, Kent R, Van Dyke ST. Subgingival and tongue microbiota during early periodontitis. J Dent Res. 2006;85(4):318–323. doi:10.1177/154405910608500407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner ACR, Kent R Jr, Kanasi E, et al. Clinical characteristics and microbiota of progressing slight chronic periodontitis in adults. J Clin Periodontol. 2007;34(11):917–930. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01126.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo APV, Tanner ACR. The role of bacterial biofilms in dental caries and periodontal and peri-implant diseases: a historical perspective. J Dent Res. 2019;98(4):373–385. doi:10.1177/0022034519830686
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garaicoa-Pazmino C, Decker AM, Polverini PJ. Personalized medicine approaches to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic periodontitis. In: Polverini PJ, editor. Personalized Oral Health Care: From Concept Design to Clinical Practice. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015:99–112.
   Google Scholar
• University of the Pacific. First dugoni school dental students give COVID-19 vaccines as part of expanded scope of practice; 2021. Available from: https://www.pacific.edu/pacific-newsroom/first-dugoni-school-dental-students-give-covid-19-vaccines-part-expanded-scope. Accessed October 15, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Stratton-Childers L. A shot worth taking: dentists in several states join the fight against COVID-19 by giving vaccinations. American Dental Education Association. Available from: https://www.adea.org/Articles/Jan2021-A-Shot-Worth-Taking/. Accessed October 15, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Foden-Vencil K. Oregon becomes 1st state to allow dentists to offer any vaccine. OPB Newsletter. Available from: https://www.opb.org/news/article/oregon-vaccines-dentists-health/. Accessed October 15, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Manski R, Rohde F, Ricks T. Trends in the Number and Percentage of the Population with Any Dental or Medical Visits, 2003–2018. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2021. Statistical Brief #537. Available from: https://www.meps.ahrq.gov/data_files/publications/st537/stat537.shtml. Accessed September 24, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Office of the Actuary. CMS office of the actuary releases 2017–2026 projections of national health expenditures; 2018. Available from: https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/press-releases/cms-office-actuary-releases-2017-2026-projections-national-health-expenditures. Accessed July 12, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Glickman A, DiMagno SSP, Emanuel EJ. Next phase in effective cost control in health care. JAMA. 2019;321(12):1151–1152. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.1608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu S, Berkowitz SA, Phillips RL, Bitton A, Landon BE, Phillips RS. Association of primary care physician supply with population mortality in the United States, 2005–2015. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(4):506–514. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.7624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine DM, Landon BE, Linder JA. Quality and experience of outpatient care in the United States for adults with or without primary care. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(3):363–372. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.6716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slavkin HC. The impact of research on the future of dental education: how research and innovation shape dental education and the dental profession. J Dent Educ. 2017;81(9):eS108–eS127. doi:10.21815/JDE.017.041
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DePaola D, Slavkin HC. Reforming dental health professions education: a white paper. J Dent Educ. 2004;48(11):1139–1150. doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2004.68.11.tb03859.x
   Google Scholar
• Hendrickson WD, Cohen PA. Oral health care in the 21st century: implications for dental and medical education. Acad Med. 2001;76(12):1181–1206. doi:10.1097/00001888-200112000-00009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polverini PJ. Personalized Oral Health Care: From Concept Design to Clinical Practice. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Wright JT. Genomics of dental caries and caries risk assessment. In: Polverini PJ, editor. Personalized Oral Health Care: From Concept Design to Clinical Practice. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015:87–98.
   Google Scholar
• Slavkin HC. Personalized oral medicine and the contemporary health care environment. In: Polverini PJ, editor. Personalized Oral Health Care: From Concept Design to Clinical Practice. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015:1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Slavkin HC. From high definition precision healthcare to precision public oral health: opportunities and challenges. J Public Health Dent. 2020;80(Suppl 1):S23–S30. doi:10.1111/jphd.12296
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Divaris K. The era of the genome and dental medicine. J Dent Res. 2019;98(9):949–955. doi:10.1177/0022034519845674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia I, Kuska R, Somerman MJ. Expanding the foundation for personalized medicine: implications and challenges for dentistry. J Dent Res. 2013;92(7Suppl):3S–10S. doi:10.1177/0022034513487209
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Collins FS, Varmus H. A new initiative on precision medicine. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(9):793–795. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1500523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2030. Oral conditions. Available from: https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/oral-conditions. Accessed September 26, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fact sheet NHE. Available from: https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/NHE-Fact-Sheet. Accessed August, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Mather M, Jacobsen LA, Pollard KM. Aging in the United States. Popul Bull. 2015;70(2):2–21.
   Google Scholar
• Ticku S, Barrow J, Fuccillo R, McDonough JE. Oral health stakeholders: a time for alignment and action. Milbank Q. 2021;99(4):882–903. doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12525
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mouradian W, Slayton, RL, Maas, WR et al. Progress in children‘s oral health since the Surgeon General‘s report on oral health. Acad Pediatr. 2009;9(6):374–379 doi:10.1016/j.acap.2009.09.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar