Potential Role and Prognostic Value of Interleukin-15 for Mortality Among Elderly Patients with Sepsis

References

• Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The Third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):801–810. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour CW, Liu VX, Iwashyna TJ, et al. Assessment of clinical criteria for sepsis: for the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):762–774. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin-Loeches I, Guia MC, Vallecoccia MS, et al. Risk factors for mortality in elderly and very elderly critically ill patients with sepsis: a prospective, observational, multi-center cohort study. Ann Intensive Care. 2019;9(1):26. doi:10.1186/s13613-019-0495-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Müller L, Di Benedetto S, Pawelec G. The immune system and its dysregulation with aging. Subcell Biochem. 2019;91:21–43. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu CC, Lan HM, Han ST, et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy in sepsis between presepsin, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intensive Care. 2017;7(1):91. doi:10.1186/s13613-017-0316-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Basile-Filho A, Lago AF, Menegueti MG, et al. The use of APACHE II, SOFA, SAPS 3, C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, and lactate to predict mortality of surgical critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study. Medicine. 2019;98(26):e16204. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Z, Meng Z, Li Y, et al. Prognostic accuracy of the serum lactate level, the SOFA score and the qSOFA score for mortality among adults with Sepsis. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2019;27(1):51. doi:10.1186/s13049-019-0609-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jekarl DW, Kim KS, Lee S, Kim M, Kim Y. Cytokine and molecular networks in sepsis cases: a network biology approach. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2018;29(3):103–111. doi:10.1684/ecn.2018.0414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschoeke SK, Oberholzer A, Moldawer LL. Interleukin-18: a novel prognostic cytokine in bacteria-induced sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(4):1225–1233. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000208356.05575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berard M, Brandt K, Bulfone-Paus S, Tough DF. IL-15 promotes the survival of naive and memory phenotype CD8+ T cells. J Immunol. 2003;170(10):5018–5026. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.10.5018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy MK, Glaccum M, Brown SN, et al. Reversible defects in natural killer and memory CD8+ T cell lineages in interleukin 15-deficient mice. J Exp Med. 2000;191(5):771–780. doi:10.1084/jem.191.5.771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyman O, Krieg C, Homann D, Sprent J. Homeostatic maintenance of T cells and natural killer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2012;69(10):1597–1608. doi:10.1007/s00018-012-0968-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibbald WJ, Vincent JL. Round table conference on clinical trials for the treatment of sepsis. Crit Care Med. 1995;23(2):394–399. doi:10.1097/00003246-199502000-00027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeed K, Wilson DC, Bloos F, et al. The early identification of disease progression in patients with suspected infection presenting to the emergency department: a multi-centre derivation and validation study. Crit Care. 2019;23(1):40. doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2329-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Tripathy S, Jyoti A, Singh SG. Recent advances in biosensors for diagnosis and detection of sepsis: a comprehensive review. Biosens Bioelectron. 2019;124–125:205–215. doi:10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM, et al. Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2017: analysis for the global burden of disease study. Lancet. 2020;395(10219):200–211. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32989-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleischmann C, Scherag A, Adhikari NK, et al. Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis. Current estimates and limitations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;193(3):259–272. doi:10.1164/rccm.201504-0781OC
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flaatten H, de Lange DW, Artigas A, et al. The status of intensive care medicine research and a future agenda for very old patients in the ICU. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43(9):1319–1328. doi:10.1007/s00134-017-4718-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin GS, Mannino DM, Moss M. The effect of age on the development and outcome of adult sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(1):15–21. doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000194535.82812.ba
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dombrovskiy VY, Martin AA, Sunderram J, Paz HL. Rapid increase in hospitalization and mortality rates for severe sepsis in the United States: a trend analysis from 1993 to 2003. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(5):1244–1250. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000261890.41311.E9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esper AM, Moss M, Lewis CA, Nisbet R, Mannino DM, Martin GS. The role of infection and comorbidity: factors that influence disparities in sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(10):2576–2582. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000239114.50519.0E
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwolatzky T, Clarfield AM, Berman H. Non-specific presentations of illness. In: Jones R, Britten N, Culpepper L, et al., editors. Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003:1247–1250.
   Google Scholar
• Weng NP. Aging of the immune system: how much can the adaptive immune system adapt? Immunity. 2006;24(5):495–499. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2006.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakim FT, Gress RE. Immunosenescence: deficits in adaptive immunity in the elderly. Tissue Antigens. 2007;70(3):179–189. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00891.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wherry EJ, Kurachi M. Molecular and cellular insights into T cell exhaustion. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015;15(8):486–499. doi:10.1038/nri3862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budagian V, Bulanova E, Paus R, et al. IL-15/IL-15 receptor biology: a guided tour through an expanding universe. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2006;17(4):259–280. doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2006.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Sabatino A, Calarota SA, Vidali F, Macdonald TT, Corazza GR. Role of IL-15 in immune-mediated and infectious diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2011;22(1):19–33. doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.09.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue S, Unsinger J, Davis CG, et al. IL-15 prevents apoptosis, reverses innate and adaptive immune dysfunction, and improves survival in sepsis. J Immunol. 2010;184(3):1401–1409. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0902307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiromatsu T, Yajima T, Matsuguchi T, et al. Overexpression of interleukin-15 protects against Escherichia coli-induced shock accompanied by inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis. J Infect Dis. 2003;187(9):1442–1451. doi:10.1086/374643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito M, Inoue S, Yamashita K, Kakeji Y, Fukumoto T, Kotani J. IL-15 improves aging-induced persistent t cell exhaustion in mouse models of repeated sepsis. Shock. 2020;53(2):228–235. doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000001352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung KP, Chang HT, Lo SC, et al. Severe lymphopenia is associated with elevated plasma interleukin-15 levels and increased mortality during severe sepsis. Shock. 2015;43(6):569–575. doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alt E, Amann-Vesti BR, Madl C, Funk G, Koppensteiner R. Platelet aggregation and blood rheology in severe sepsis/septic shock: relation to the Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Clin Hemorheol Micro. 2004;30(2):107–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent JL, Russell JA, Jacob M, et al. Albumin administration in the acutely ill: what is new and where next? Crit Care. 2014;18(4):231. doi:10.1186/cc13991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omiya K, Sato H, Sato T, et al. Albumin and fibrinogen kinetics in sepsis: a prospective observational study. Crit Care. 2021;25(1):436. doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03860-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Yan C, Gan Z, et al. Prognostic values of SOFA score, qSOFA score, and LODS score for patients with sepsis. Ann Palliat Med. 2020;9(3):1037–1044. doi:10.21037/apm-20-984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godinjak A, Iglica A, Rama A, et al. Predictive value of SAPS II and APACHE II scoring systems for patient outcome in a medical intensive care unit. Acta Med Acad. 2016;45(2):97–103. doi:10.5644/ama2006-124.165
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Probst L, Schalk E, Liebregts T, et al. Prognostic accuracy of SOFA, qSOFA and SIRS criteria in hematological cancer patients: a retrospective multicenter study. J Intensive Care. 2019;7(1):41. doi:10.1186/s40560-019-0396-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoe A, Bakhshi-Raiez F, de Keizer N, van Dissel JT, de Jonge E. Mortality prediction by SOFA score in ICU-patients after cardiac surgery; comparison with traditional prognostic-models. BMC Anesthesiol. 2020;20(1):65. doi:10.1186/s12871-020-00975-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar