A Predictive Model of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction Based on the Lymphocyte to C-Reactive Protein Ratio

References

• Schmitt J, Duray G, Gersh BJ, Hohnloser SH. Atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review of the incidence, clinical features and prognostic implications. Eur Heart J. 2009;30(9):1038–1045. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morishima I, Tomomatsu T, Okumura K, et al. New-onset atrial fibrillation may be a more important predictor of cardiac mortality in acute myocardial infarction patients than preexisting atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. 2015;187:475–477. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen JK, Butt JH, Yafasova A, et al. Incidence of ischaemic stroke and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome and first-time detected atrial fibrillation: a nationwide study. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(44):4553–4561. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornej J, Hanger VA, Trinquart L, et al. New biomarkers from multiomics approaches: improving risk prediction of atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res. 2021;117(7):1632–1644. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvab073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boriani G, Vitolo M, Diemberger I, et al. Optimizing indices of atrial fibrillation susceptibility and burden to evaluate atrial fibrillation severity, risk and outcomes. Cardiovasc Res. 2021;117(7):1–21. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvab147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okugawa Y, Toiyama Y, Yamamoto A, et al. Lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio and score are clinically feasible nutrition-inflammation markers of outcome in patients with gastric cancer. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(4):1209–1217. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.05.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minici R, Siciliano MA, Ammendola M, et al. Prognostic Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Lymphocyte-to-C Reactive Protein Ratio (LCR) in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) undergoing Chemoembolizations (TACE) of the Liver: the Unexplored Corner Linking Tumor Microenvironment, Biomarkers and Interventional Radiology. Cancers. 2022;15(1):257. doi:10.3390/cancers15010257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L-H L, Zhong C, Wei W, et al. Lymphocyte-C-reactive protein ratio as a novel prognostic index in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multicentre cohort study. Liver Int. 2021;41(2):378–387. doi:10.1111/liv.14567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao W-Y, X-S W, Liu S-L, Z-Y W, Dong P, Gong W. Preoperative lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio as a new prognostic indicator in patients with resectable gallbladder cancer. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2022;21(3):267–272. doi:10.1016/j.hbpd.2021.08.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okugawa Y, Toiyama Y, Yamamoto A, et al. Lymphocyte-C-reactive protein ratio as promising new marker for predicting surgical and oncological outcomes in colorectal cancer. Ann Surg. 2020;272(2):342–351. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000003239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Guo W, Diao Z, Huang H, Liu W. Lymphocyte-to-C reactive protein ratio as novel inflammatory marker for predicting outcomes in hemodialysis patients: a multicenter observational study. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1101222. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Ye T, Chen L, Xu B, Wu G, Zong G. Preoperative lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio: a new prognostic indicator of post-primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023;114:109594. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz LA, Serrano L, España PP, et al. New-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. Impact of timing and duration on short- and medium-term mortality. J Infect. 2021;82(1):67–75. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bağcı A, Aksoy F. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation after ST elevation myocardial infarction. Biomark Med. 2021;15(10):731–739. doi:10.2217/bmm-2020-0838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Hu S, Liang C, Ling Y. The association between systemic inflammatory response index and new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2022;22(1):525. doi:10.1186/s12872-022-02989-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao J, Gao Z, Hu Y, Liu W, Ye L, Wang L. Serum fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation risk during hospitalization in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23(1):432. doi:10.1186/s12872-023-03480-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collet J-P, Thiele H, Barbato E, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(14):1289–1367. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;144(22):e368–e454. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercado-Martínez J, Rivera-Fernández R, Aguilar-Alonso E, et al. APACHE-II score and Killip class for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Intensive Care Med. 2010;36(9):1579–1586. doi:10.1007/s00134-010-1832-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornej J, Börschel CS, Benjamin EJ, Schnabel RB. Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in the 21st Century: novel methods and new insights. Circ Res. 2020;127(1). doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.316340
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He J, Yang Y, Zhang G, Lu X-H. Clinical risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2019;98(26):e15960. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000015960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedrow UB, Conen D, Ridker PM, et al. The long- and short-term impact of elevated body mass index on the risk of new atrial fibrillation the WHS (women’s health study). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(21):2319–2327. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aune D, Sen A, Schlesinger S, et al. Body mass index, abdominal fatness, fat mass and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32(3):181–192. doi:10.1007/s10654-017-0232-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singleton MJ, German CA, Soliman EZ, et al. Body mass index, sex, and incident atrial fibrillation in diabetes: the ACCORD trial. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2020;6(13):1713–1720. doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2020.08.008
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berkovitch A, Kivity S, Klempfner R, et al. Body mass index and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in middle-aged adults. Am Heart J. 2016;173:41–48. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2015.11.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horwich TB, Fonarow GC, Hamilton MA, MacLellan WR, Woo MA, Tillisch JH. The relationship between obesity and mortality in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38(3):789–795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruberg L, Weissman NJ, Waksman R, et al. The impact of obesity on the short-term and long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: the obesity paradox? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(4):578–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angerås O, Albertsson P, Karason K, et al. Evidence for obesity paradox in patients with acute coronary syndromes: a report from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(5):345–353. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Liu X, Ding X, Chen H, Li H. Body Mass Index and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Int J Gen Med. 2022;15:5717–5728. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S367868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Vaziri SM, D’Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Wolf PA. Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. 1994;271(11):840–844.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang A, Green JB, Halperin JL, Piccini JP. Atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(8):1107–1115. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.07.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dublin S, Glazer NL, Smith NL, et al. Diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, and risk of atrial fibrillation. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(8):853–858. doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1340-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olshansky B, Sabbah HN, Hauptman PJ, Colucci WS. Parasympathetic nervous system and heart failure: pathophysiology and potential implications for therapy. Circulation. 2008;118(8):863–871. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.760405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappachan JM, Sebastian J, Bino BC, et al. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus: prevalence, risk factors and utility of corrected QT interval in the ECG for its diagnosis. Postgrad Med J. 2008;84(990):205–210. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2007.064048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell DSH, Goncalves E. Atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes: prevalence, etiology, pathophysiology and effect of anti-diabetic therapies. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21(2):210–217. doi:10.1111/dom.13512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danesh J, Collins R, Appleby P, Peto R. Association of fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, albumin, or leukocyte count with coronary heart disease: meta-analyses of prospective studies. JAMA. 1998;279(18):1477–1482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schillinger M, Exner M, Mlekusch W, et al. Serum albumin predicts cardiac adverse events in patients with advanced atherosclerosis - interrelation with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Thromb Haemost. 2004;91(3):610–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Du P, Xiao Q, et al. Relationship between serum albumin and risk of atrial fibrillation: a dose-response meta-analysis. Front Nutr. 2021;8:728353. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.728353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korantzopoulos P, Kolettis TM, Galaris D, Goudevenos JA. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. 2007;115(2):135–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito Y, Tanaka A, Node K, Kobayashi Y. Uric acid and cardiovascular disease: a clinical review. J Cardiol. 2021;78(1):51–57. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.12.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hisatome I, Li P, Miake J, et al. Uric Acid as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease- Japanese Guideline on the management of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Circ J. 2021;85(2):130–138. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-20-0406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawasoe S, Kubozono T, Yoshifuku S, et al. Uric acid level and new-onset atrial fibrillation in the Japanese General Population- Longitudinal Study. Circ J. 2018;83(1):156–163. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-18-0508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Wang X-D, Yao J-W, et al. The impact of the duration of cardiac troponin I elevation on the clinical prognosis as well as incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation respectively in elderly Non-ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients without PCI. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:6907–6916. doi:10.2147/JIR.S345576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng Y, Liu F, Yang X, Xia Y. The key role of uric acid in oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and immunity in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:641136. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.641136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malavasi VL, Fantecchi E, Tordoni V, et al. Atrial fibrillation pattern and factors affecting the progression to permanent atrial fibrillation. Intern Emerg Med. 2021;16(5):1131–1140. doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02551-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Losi M-A, Izzo R, De Marco M, et al. Cardiovascular ultrasound exploration contributes to predict incident atrial fibrillation in arterial hypertension: the Campania Salute Network. Int J Cardiol. 2015;199:290–295. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaziri SM, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. Echocardiographic predictors of nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1994;89(2):724–730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z, Liu Q, Liu F, et al. Atrial cardiomyopathy markers and new-onset atrial fibrillation risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Intern Med. 2022;102:72–79. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2022.04.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brundel BJJM, Ai X, Hills MT, Kuipers MF, Lip GYH, de Groot NMS. Atrial fibrillation. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022;8(1):21. doi:10.1038/s41572-022-00347-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo J, Xu S, Li H, et al. Long-term impact of new-onset atrial fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction on heart failure. ESC Heart Fail. 2020;7(5):2762–2772. doi:10.1002/ehf2.12872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raczkowska-Golanko M, Raczak G, Gruchała M, Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz L. Comprehensive use of routine clinical parameters to identify patients at risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction. J Clin Med. 2021;10(16). doi:10.3390/jcm10163622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang L, Yong H, Ding YS. Clinical profile and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chin Med J. 2008;121(23):2388–2391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahouth F, Mutlak D, Furman M, et al. Relationship of functional mitral regurgitation to new-onset atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction. Heart. 2010;96(9):683–688. doi:10.1136/hrt.2009.183822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alasady M, Abhayaratna WP, Leong DP, et al. Coronary artery disease affecting the atrial branches is an independent determinant of atrial fibrillation after myocardial infarction. Heart Rhythm. 2011;8(7):955–960. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.02.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanton RM, Nappi A, Kimmelstiel CD. Conversion of infarction-associated atrial fibrillation by restoration of atrial perfusion. Clin Cardiol. 2010;33(12):E79–E81. doi:10.1002/clc.20573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehto M, Snapinn S, Dickstein K, Swedberg K, Nieminen MS. Prognostic risk of atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction: the OPTIMAAL experience. Eur Heart J. 2005;26(4):350–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crenshaw BS, Ward SR, Granger CB, Stebbins AL, Topol EJ, Califf RM. Atrial fibrillation in the setting of acute myocardial infarction: the GUSTO-I experience. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30(2):406–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathore SS, Berger AK, Weinfurt KP, et al. Acute myocardial infarction complicated by atrial fibrillation in the elderly: prevalence and outcomes. Circulation. 2000;101(9):969–974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frangogiannis NG. The inflammatory response in myocardial injury, repair, and remodelling. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2014;11(5):255–265. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frederiksen TC, Dahm CC, Preis SR, et al. The bidirectional association between atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2023. doi:10.1038/s41569-023-00857-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan L, Li Z, Li C, et al. Stress hyperglycemia ratio and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio are reliable predictors of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:1051078. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1051078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alpert JS, Thygesen K, Antman E, Bassand JP. Myocardial infarction redefined--a consensus document of The Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36(3):959–969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ommen SR, Gibbons RJ, Hodge DO, Thomson SP. Usefulness of the lymphocyte concentration as a prognostic marker in coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79(6):812–814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zouridakis EG, Garcia-Moll X, Kaski JC. Usefulness of the blood lymphocyte count in predicting recurrent instability and death in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86(4):449–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Núñez J, Núñez E, Bodí V, et al. Low lymphocyte count in acute phase of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction predicts long-term recurrent myocardial infarction. Coron Artery Dis. 2010;21(1):1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fordjour PA, Wang Y, Shi Y, et al. Possible mechanisms of C-reactive protein mediated acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Pharmacol. 2015;760:72–80. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Servi S, Mariani M, Mariani G, Mazzone A. C-reactive protein increase in unstable coronary disease cause or effect? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46(8):1496–1502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren Y, Zeng R-X, J-J L, et al. Relation of C-reactive protein and new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2015;190:268–270. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacNeill BD, Jang I-K, Bouma BE, et al. Focal and multi-focal plaque macrophage distributions in patients with acute and stable presentations of coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(5):972–979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balachandran VP, Gonen M, Smith JJ, DeMatteo RP. Nomograms in oncology: more than meets the eye. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(4):e173–e180. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71116-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar