Substituting Book Reading for Screen Time Benefits Preschoolers’ Sleep Health: Results from the Ulm SPATZ Health Study

References

• Meltzer LJ, Williamson AA, Mindell JA. Pediatric sleep health: it matters, and so does how we define it. Sleep Med Rev. 2021;57:101425. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matricciani L, Paquet C, Galland B, Short M, Olds T. Children’s sleep and health: a meta-review. Sleep Med Rev. 2019;46:136–150. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2019.04.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mindell JA, Sadeh A, Kwon R, Goh DYT. Cross-cultural differences in the sleep of preschool children. Sleep Med. 2013;14(12):1283–1289. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Liu L, Owens JA, Kaplan DL. Sleep patterns and sleep problems among schoolchildren in the United States and China. Pediatrics. 2005;115(1 Suppl):241–249. doi:10.1542/peds.2004-0815F
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson AA, Meltzer LJ, Fiks AG. A stimulus package to address the pediatric sleep debt crisis in the United States. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(2):115–116. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.4806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlarb A, Gulewitsch M, Ellert U, Enck P. Sleep duration and sleep problems in a representative sample of German children and adolescents. Scientific Research Publishing Inc; 2015. Available from: https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=60881. Accessed October 17, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• van Litsenburg RRL, Waumans RC, van den Berg G, Gemke RJBJ. Sleep habits and sleep disturbances in Dutch children: a population-based study. Eur J Pediatr. 2010;169(8):1009–1015. doi:10.1007/s00431-010-1169-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewien C, Genuneit J, Meigen C, Kiess W, Poulain T. Sleep-related difficulties in healthy children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr. 2021;21(1):82. doi:10.1186/s12887-021-02529-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo JC, Lee SM, Lee XK, et al. Sustained benefits of delaying school start time on adolescent sleep and well-being. Sleep. 2018;41(6):zsy052. doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widome R, Berger AT, Iber C, et al. Association of delaying school start time with sleep duration, timing, and quality among adolescents. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(7):697–704. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkin MR, Bahnson HT, Logan K, et al. Association of early introduction of solids with infant sleep: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172(8):e180739. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.0739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ordway MR, Sadler LS, Jeon S, et al. Sleep health in young children living with socioeconomic adversity. Res Nurs Health. 2020;43(4):329–340. doi:10.1002/nur.22023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham C, Reither EN, Ciciurkaite G, Dev DA, Fargo J. Does context matter? A multilevel analysis of neighborhood disadvantage and children’s sleep health. Sleep Health. 2020;6(5):578–586. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genuneit J, Brockmann PE, Schlarb AA, Rothenbacher D. Media consumption and sleep quality in early childhood: results from the Ulm SPATZ Health Study. Sleep Med. 2018;45:7–10. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.10.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiltunen P, Leppänen MH, Ray C, et al. Relationship between screen time and sleep among Finnish preschool children: results from the DAGIS study. Sleep Med. 2021;77:75–81. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.11.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid Chassiakos YL, Radesky J, Christakis D, et al. Children and adolescents and digital media. Pediatrics. 2016;138(5):e20162593. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricci C, Schlarb A, Rothenbacher J, Genuneit J. Digital media, book reading, and aspects of sleep and sleep-related fears in preschoolers: the Ulm SPATZ Health Study. Somnologie. 2021. doi:10.1007/s11818-020-00290-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang AM, Aeschbach D, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA. Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2015;112(4):1232–1237. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418490112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dube N, Khan K, Loehr S, Chu Y, Veugelers P. The use of entertainment and communication technologies before sleep could affect sleep and weight status: a population-based study among children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;14(1):97. doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0547-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newton AT, Honaker SM, Reid GJ. Risk and protective factors and processes for behavioral sleep problems among preschool and early school-aged children: a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2020;52:101303. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen X, Martin A, Hughes AR, Hill CM, Kotronoulas G, Hesketh KR. Associations of screen time, sedentary time and physical activity with sleep in under 5s: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2020;49:101226. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lan QY, Chan KC, Yu KN, et al. Sleep duration in preschool children and impact of screen time. Sleep Med. 2020;76:48–54. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.09.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exelmans L, Van den Bulck J. Technology and sleep: how electronic media exposure has impacted core concepts of sleep medicine. Behav Sleep Med. 2015;13(6):439–441. doi:10.1080/15402002.2015.1083025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyens I, Nathanson AI. Electronic media use and sleep among preschoolers: evidence for time-shifted and less consolidated sleep. Health Commun. 2019;34(5):537–544. doi:10.1080/10410236.2017.1422102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn M, Barnett N, Glazer A, Gradisar M. Sleep and screen exposure across the beginning of life: deciphering the links using big-data analytics. Sleep. 2021;44(3):zsaa158. doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalsa SBS, Jewett ME, Cajochen C, Czeisler CA. A phase response curve to single bright light pulses in human subjects. J Physiol. 2003;549(Pt 3):945–952. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.040477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrison MM, Christakis DA. The impact of a healthy media use intervention on sleep in preschool children. Pediatrics. 2012;130(3):492–499. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munzer TG, Miller AL, Weeks HM, Kaciroti N, Radesky J. Parent-toddler social reciprocity during reading from electronic tablets vs print books. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(11):1076–1083. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W, Adler JL. Assessment of screen exposure in young children, 1997 to 2014. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(4):391–393. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radesky JS, Christakis DA. Increased screen time: implications for early childhood development and behavior. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2016;63(5):827–839. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2016.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McArthur BA, Browne D, McDonald S, Tough S, Madigan S. Longitudinal associations between screen use and reading in preschool-aged children. Pediatrics. 2021;147(6):e2020011429. doi:10.1542/peds.2020-011429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finucane E, O’Brien A, Treweek S, et al. Does reading a book in bed make a difference to sleep in comparison to not reading a book in bed? The People’s Trial—an online, pragmatic, randomised trial. Trials. 2021;22:873. doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05831-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Logan C, Zittel T, Striebel S, et al. Changing societal and lifestyle factors and breastfeeding patterns over time. Pediatrics. 2016;137(5):e20154473. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-4473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owens JA, Spirito A, McGuinn M. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ): psychometric properties of a survey instrument for school-aged children. Sleep. 2000;23(8):1043–1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlarb AA, Schwerdtle B, Hautzinger M. Validation and psychometric properties of the German version of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-DE). Somnologie Schlafforschung Schlafmed. 2010;14(4):260–266. doi:10.1007/s11818-010-0495-4
   Google Scholar
• Li Q, Racine J. Nonparametric estimation of distributions with categorical and continuous data. J Multivar Anal. 2003;86(2):266–292. doi:10.1016/S0047-259X(02)00025-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willett WC, Howe GR, Kushi LH. Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65(4 Suppl):1220S-1228S; discussion 1229S-1231S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/65.4.1220S
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mekary RA, Willett WC, Hu FB, Ding EL. Isotemporal substitution paradigm for physical activity epidemiology and weight change. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170(4):519–527. doi:10.1093/aje/kwp163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grgic J, Dumuid D, Bengoechea EG, et al. Health outcomes associated with reallocations of time between sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity: a systematic scoping review of isotemporal substitution studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2018;15(1):69. doi:10.1186/s12966-018-0691-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cain N, Gradisar M. Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: a review. Sleep Med. 2010;11(8):735–742. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owens J, Maxim R, McGuinn M, Nobile C, Msall M, Alario A. Television-viewing habits and sleep disturbance in school children. Pediatrics. 1999;104(3):e27. doi:10.1542/peds.104.3.e27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S, Jin X, Wu S, Jiang F, Yan C, Shen X. The impact of media use on sleep patterns and sleep disorders among school-aged children in China. Sleep. 2007;30(3):361–367. doi:10.1093/sleep/30.3.361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mindell JA, Williamson AA. Benefits of a bedtime routine in young children: sleep, development, and beyond. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;40:93–108. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.10.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathanson AI, Beyens I. The relation between use of mobile electronic devices and bedtime resistance, sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness among preschoolers. Behav Sleep Med. 2018;16(2):202–219. doi:10.1080/15402002.2016.1188389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne R, Terranova CO, Trost SG. Measurement of screen time among young children aged 0–6 years: a systematic review. Obes Rev off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2021;22(8):e13260. doi:10.1111/obr.13260
   Google Scholar
• Radesky JS, Weeks HM, Ball R, et al. Young Children’s Use of Smartphones and Tablets. Pediatrics. 2020;146(1):e20193518. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-3518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-Escribano C, Valverde-Montesino S, García-Ortega V. The impact of E-Book reading on young children’s emergent literacy skills: an analytical review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(12):6510. doi:10.3390/ijerph18126510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley S, Royant-Parola S, Zayoud A, Gremy I, Matulonga B. Do both timing and duration of screen use affect sleep patterns in adolescents? PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0276226. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrison MM, Liekweg K, Christakis DA. Media use and child sleep: the impact of content, timing, and environment. Pediatrics. 2011;128(1):29–35. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr R, Kirkorian H, Radesky J, et al. Beyond screen time: a synergistic approach to a more comprehensive assessment of family media exposure during early childhood. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1283. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01283/full
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar