221
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REVIEW

Using Clinical Vignettes to Understand the Complexity of Diagnosing Type 1 Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa

, , , , , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 111-120 | Received 20 Jul 2023, Accepted 07 Nov 2023, Published online: 12 Nov 2023

References

  • Green A, Hede SM, Patterson CC, et al. Type 1 diabetes in 2017: global estimates of incident and prevalent cases in children and adults. Diabetologia. 2021;64(12):2741–2750. doi:10.1007/s00125-021-05571-8
  • International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 10th ed. International Diabetes Federation; 2021.
  • Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;138:271–281. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023
  • Patterson C, Guariguata L, Dahlquist G, Soltesz G, Ogle G, Silink M. Diabetes in the young - a global view and worldwide estimates of numbers of children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;103(2):161–175. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.005
  • Ogle GD, Kim H, Middlehurst AC, Silink M, Jenkins AJ. Financial costs for families of children with Type 1 diabetes in lower-income countries. Diabet Med. 2016;33(6):820–826. doi:10.1111/dme.12997
  • Beran D, Yudkin JS. Diabetes care in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet. 2006;368(9548):1689–1695. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69704-3
  • Boutayeb A. The Impact of Infectious Diseases on the Development of Africa. In: Preedy V, Watson R, editors. Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures. Springer Nature; 2010:1171–1188.
  • Pastakia SD, Pekny CR, Manyara SM, Fischer L. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa - from policy to practice to progress: targeting the existing gaps for future care for diabetes. Diabetes Metabol Syndr Obes. 2017;10:247–263. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S126314
  • Bui H, To T, Stein R, Fung K, Daneman D. Is diabetic ketoacidosis at disease onset a result of missed diagnosis? J Pediatr. 2010;156(3):472–477. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.10.001
  • Ameyaw E, Asafo-Agyei SB, Thavapalan S, Middlehurst AC, Ogle GD. Clinical profile of diabetes at diagnosis among children and adolescents at an endocrine clinic in Ghana. World J Diabetes. 2017;8(9):429–435. doi:10.4239/wjd.v8.i9.429
  • Iddi S, Francis B, Jaka H, Mirambo M, Mushi M. Clinical presentation and precipitating factors of diabetic ketoacidosis among patients admitted to intensive care unit at a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. Tanzan J Health Res. 2017;19(1). doi:10.4314/thrb.v19i1.6
  • Usher-Smith JA, Thompson MJ, Sharp SJ, Walter FM. Factors associated with the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of diabetes in children and young adults: a systematic review. BMJ. 2011;343:d4092. doi:10.1136/bmj.d4092
  • Murunga AN, Owira PM. Diabetic ketoacidosis: an overlooked child killer in sub-Saharan Africa? Trop Med Int Health. 2013;18(11):1357–1364. doi:10.1111/tmi.12195
  • Piloya-Were T, Sunni M, Ogle GD, Moran A. Childhood diabetes in Africa. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2016;23(4):306–311. doi:10.1097/MED.0000000000000262
  • Atkinson MA, Ogle GD. Improving diabetes care in resource-poor countries: challenges and opportunities. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2013;1(4):268–270. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70172-4
  • Piryani RM, Piryani S. Clinical vignette-based interactive discussion sessions: feedback from residents. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2019;10:829–833. doi:10.2147/AMEP.S218157
  • Virmani A, Brink SJ, Middlehurst A, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: management of the child, adolescent, and young adult with diabetes in limited resource settings. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1529–1551. doi:10.1111/pedi.13456
  • Atkilt HS, Turago MG, Tegegne BS. Clinical characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0169666. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169666
  • Omoy MN, Ngoy DM, Ilunga EK, et al. Le diabete Sucre de type I chez l’enfant de moins de 5 ans: a propos d’une observation aux cliniques universitaires de Lubumbashi et revue de la litterature [Type I diabetes mellitus in children less than 5 years: case study conducted at the university clinics of Lubumbashi and review of the literature]. Pan Afr Med J. 2017;26:170. doi:10.11604/pamj.2017.26.170.11876
  • Onyiriuka AN, Ifebi E. Ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: frequency and clinical characteristics. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013;12(1):47. doi:10.1186/2251-6581-12-47
  • Reddy Y, Ganie Y, Pillay K. Characteristics of children presenting with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. South Afr J Child Health. 2013;7:46–48.
  • Ibekwe M, Ibekwe R. Pattern of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Abakaliki, Southeastern, Nigeria. Pediatr Oncall J. 2011;8:59–62.
  • Marshall SL, Edidin D, Arena VC, et al. Prevalence and incidence of clinically recognized cases of Type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents in Rwanda, Africa. Diabet Med. 2015;32(9):1186–1192. doi:10.1111/dme.12701
  • Wolfsdorf JI, Glaser N, Agus M, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19(Suppl 27):155–177. doi:10.1111/pedi.12701
  • Ministère de la Santé Burkina Faso. Profil sanitaire complet du Burkina Faso: module 2; 2017. Available from: https://www.afro.who.int/sites/default/files/2018-08/Profil%20sanitaire%20du%20Burkina%20%202.pdf. Accessed November 8, 2023.
  • Ministère de l’Urbanisme et de l’habitat. Annuaire statistique 2016; 2016. Available from: http://www.cns.bf/IMG/pdf/annuaire_statistique_2016.pdf. Accessed November 8, 2023.
  • Ministère de la Santé Burkina Faso. Plan Pluri- Annuel Complet. 2012. Available from: https://extranet.who.int/countryplanningcycles/sites/default/files/country_docs/Burkina%20Faso/ppac_2011_2015_dpv_revise_30_aout_2012_1.pdf.
  • Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Hotez PJ, Steinbach WJ. Feigin and Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Elsevier/Saunders; 2014:2.
  • Farrar J, Hotez P, Junghanss T, Kang G, Lalloo D, White N. Manson’s Tropical Diseases. 23rd ed. Elsevier; 2013.
  • Curtis S, Stobart K, Vandermeer B, Simel DL, Klassen T. Clinical features suggestive of meningitis in children: a systematic review of prospective data. Pediatrics. 2010;126(5):952–960. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0277
  • Koutangni T, Boubacar Mainassara H, Mueller JE. Incidence, carriage and case-carrier ratios for meningococcal meningitis in the African meningitis belt: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0116725. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116725
  • Fayyaz J, Rehman A, Hamid A, Khursheed M, Zia N, Feroze A. Age related clinical manifestation of acute bacterial meningitis in children presenting to emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. J Pak Med Assoc. 2014;64(3):296–299.
  • Kim KS. Acute bacterial meningitis in infants and children. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(1):32–42. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70306-8
  • Aipit J, Laman M, Hwaiwhanje I, et al. Accuracy of initial clinical diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis in children from a malaria-endemic area of Papua New Guinea. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2014;108(7):444–448. doi:10.1093/trstmh/tru067
  • Makani J, Matuja W, Liyombo E, Snow RW, Marsh K, Warrell DA. Admission diagnosis of cerebral malaria in adults in an endemic area of Tanzania: implications and clinical description. QJM. 2003;96(5):355–362. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcg059
  • Jiya N, Airede K, Ahmed H. Cerebral malaria: presentation and outcome in children in Sokoto. Niger Med Pract. 2006;50(3):55–61.
  • Organisation mondiale de la Santé. La prise en charge du paludisme grave: guide pratique. Organisation mondiale de la Santé. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/87012. Accessed November 8, 2023. Accessed 20, May, 2023.
  • Romay-Barja M, Jarrin I, Ncogo P, et al. Rural-Urban differences in household treatment-seeking behaviour for suspected malaria in children at Bata District, Equatorial Guinea. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0135887. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135887
  • Imananagha K. The presenting complaints of children with severe malaria. Ann Trop Med Public Health. 2010;3:68–71.
  • Schot MJC, Dekker ARJ, Giorgi WG, et al. Diagnostic value of signs, symptoms and diagnostic tests for diagnosing pneumonia in ambulant children in developed countries: a systematic review. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2018;28(1):40. doi:10.1038/s41533-018-0104-8
  • Shah SN, Bachur RG, Simel DL, Neuman MI. Does this child have pneumonia? The rational clinical examination systematic review. JAMA. 2017;318(5):462–471. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.9039
  • Azmatullah A, Qamar FN, Thaver D, Zaidi AK, Bhutta ZA. Systematic review of the global epidemiology, clinical and laboratory profile of enteric fever. J Glob Health. 2015;5(2):020407. doi:10.7189/jogh.05.020407
  • Bundy DG, Byerley JS, Liles EA, Perrin EM, Katznelson J, Rice HE. Does this child have appendicitis? JAMA. 2007;298(4):438–451. doi:10.1001/jama.298.4.438
  • Kalan M, Talbot D, Cunliffe WJ, Rich AJ. Evaluation of the modified Alvarado score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a prospective study. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1994;76(6):418–419.
  • Bessat C, Zonon NA, D’Acremont V. Large-scale implementation of electronic Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (eIMCI) at the primary care level in Burkina Faso: a qualitative study on health worker perception of its medical content, usability and impact on antibiotic prescription and resistance. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):449. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6692-6
  • Blanchet K, Lewis JJ, Pozo-Martin F, et al. A mixed methods protocol to evaluate the effect and cost-effectiveness of an Integrated electronic Diagnosis Approach (IeDA) for the management of childhood illnesses at primary health facilities in Burkina Faso. Implement Sci. 2016;11(1):111. doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0476-5
  • Sarrassat S, Lewis JJ, Some AS, Somda S, Cousens S, Blanchet K. An Integrated eDiagnosis Approach (IeDA) versus standard IMCI for assessing and managing childhood illness in Burkina Faso: a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):354. doi:10.1186/s12913-021-06317-3
  • Mbugua PK, Otieno CF, Kayima JK, Amayo AA, McLigeyo SO. Diabetic ketoacidosis: clinical presentation and precipitating factors at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. East Afr Med J. 2005;82(12 Suppl):S191–6. doi:10.4314/eamj.v82i12.9381
  • Usher-Smith JA, Thompson M, Ercole A, Walter FM. Variation between countries in the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis at first presentation of type 1 diabetes in children: a systematic review. Diabetologia. 2012;55(11):2878–2894. doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2690-2
  • Munoz C, Floreen A, Garey C, et al. Misdiagnosis and diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: patient and caregiver perspectives. Clin Diabetes. 2019;37(3):276–281. doi:10.2337/cd18-0088
  • Thaddeus S, Maine D. Too far to walk: maternal mortality in context. Soc Sci Med. 1994;38(8):1091–1110. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90226-7
  • Romay-Barja M, Cano J, Ncogo P, et al. Determinants of delay in malaria care-seeking behaviour for children 15 years and under in Bata district, Equatorial Guinea. Malar J. 2016;15:187. doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1239-0
  • Dawkins B, Renwick C, Ensor T, Shinkins B, Jayne D, Meads D. What factors affect patients’ ability to access healthcare? An overview of systematic reviews. Trop Med Int Health. 2021;26(10):1177–1188. doi:10.1111/tmi.13651
  • Sandy JL, Besancon S, Sidibe AT, Minkailou M, Togo A, Ogle GD. Rapid increases in observed incidence and prevalence of Type 1 diabetes in children and youth in Mali, 2007–2016. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021;22(4):545–551. doi:10.1111/pedi.13191
  • Hogerzeil HV, Recourt S. The importance of insulin donations for children in 43 low- and middle-income countries. J Public Health Policy. 2019;40(2):253–263. doi:10.1057/s41271-018-00159-w
  • Choleau C, Maitre J, Elie C, et al. Effet a un an de la campagne nationale de prevention de l’acidocetose au moment du diagnostic de diabete de type 1 chez l’enfant et l’adolescent [Ketoacidosis at time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: effect of a national prevention campaign]. Arch Pediatr. 2015;22(4):343–351. doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2014.11.001
  • Cherubini V, Marino M, Carle F, Zagaroli L, Bowers R, Gesuita R. Effectiveness of ketoacidosis prevention campaigns at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021;175:108838. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108838