Bio-Psycho-Social Profile of People with Substance Use Disorders Treated in Locally Assigned Treatment Facilities in Kandahar, Afghanistan

References

• Mohd Saleem S, Shoib S, Dazhamyar AR, Chandradasa M. Afghanistan: decades of collective trauma, ongoing humanitarian crises, Taliban rulers, and mental health of the displaced population. Asian J Psychiatr. 2021;65:102854. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todd CS, Nasir A, Stanekzai MR, et al. Impact of conflict and displacement on risk behaviours amongst people who inject drugs in Kabul, Afghanistan. Int J Drug Policy. 2016;27:173–177. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.07.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bizzarri JV, Rucci P, Sbrana A, et al. Reasons for substance use and vulnerability factors in patients with substance use disorder and anxiety or mood disorders. Addict Behav. 2007;32(2):384–391. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Moal M. Drug abuse: vulnerability and transition to addiction. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2009;42(S 01):S42–55. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1216355
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Naseh M, Wagner EF, Abtahi Z, Potocky M, Zahedi L. Prevalence of and risk factors for substance use among Afghan refugees in Iran: an exploratory study. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2019;20(1):34–59. doi:10.1080/15332640.2019.1571976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie H, Roser M. Drug use. Our world in data; 2019. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/drug-use. Accessed August 2, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• SGI-Global. Afghanistan national drug use survey 2015; 2015. Available from: https://colombo-plan.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Afghanistan-National-Drug-Use-Survey-2015-compressed.pdf. Accessed August 2, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Nafeh F, Fusigboye S, Sornpaisarn B. Understanding injecting drug use in Afghanistan: a scoping review. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2022;17(1). doi:10.1186/s13011-022-00491-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalsa JH, Treisman G, McCance-Katz E, Tedaldi E. Medical consequences of drug abuse and co-occurring infections: research at the national institute on drug abuse. Substan Abuse. 2008;29(3):5–16. doi:10.1080/08897070802218661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen C-Y, Lin K-M. Health consequences of illegal drug use. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2009;22(3):287–292. doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32832a2349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones CM, McCance-Katz EF. Co-occurring substance use and mental disorders among adults with opioid use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;197:78–82. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamsaei F, Baanavi M, Hassanian ZM, Cheraghi F. The impact of addiction on family members mental health status. Curr Drug Res Rev. 2019;11(2):129–134. doi:10.2174/2589977511666190319162901
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgen K. Diagnostic issues: DSM-5 overview for substance-related disorders. Substan Use Disord Addict. 2017;56–85. doi:10.4135/9781071800485.n7
   Google Scholar
• Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335–343. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaufort IN, De Weert-Van Oene GH, Buwalda VAJ, de Leeuw JRJ, Goudriaan AE. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) as a screener for depression in substance use disorder inpatients: a pilot study. Eur Addict Res. 2017;23(5):260–268. doi:10.1159/000485182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattell RB. The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behav Res. 1966;1(2):245–276. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr0102_10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Business Machines Corporation. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corporation; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Branstetter SA, Low S, Furman W. The influence of parents and friends on adolescent substance use: a multidimensional approach. J Subst Use. 2010;16(2):150–160. doi:10.3109/14659891.2010.519421
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett AE, Turner RJ. Family structure and substance use problems in adolescence and early adulthood: examining explanations for the relationship. Addiction. 2006;101(1):109–120. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01296.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo D, Tan L, Shen D, et al. Characteristics of depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and aggression among various types of drug users and factors for developing severe depression: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):1. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03933-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstick JE, Bohnert KM, Davis AK, et al. Dual trajectories of depression/anxiety symptoms and alcohol use, and their implications for violence outcomes among drug-using urban youth. Alcohol Alcohol. 2018. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agy036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln A, Paasche-Orlow MK, Cheng DM, et al. Impact of health literacy on depressive symptoms and mental health-related quality of life among adults with addiction. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(8):818–822. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00533.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokona H, Yohannes K, Ayano G. Youth unemployment and mental health: prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2020;14. doi:10.21203/rs.2.22998/v3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobkin PL, Civita MD, Paraherakis A, Gill K. The role of functional social support in treatment retention and outcomes among outpatient adult substance abusers. Addiction. 2002;97(3):347–356. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00083.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kravitz RL, Ford DE. Introduction: chronic medical conditions and depression—the view from primary care. Am J Med. 2008;121(11):S1–7. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.09.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lotfaliany M, Bowe SJ, Kowal P, Orellana L, Berk M, Mohebbi M. Depression and chronic diseases: co-occurrence and communality of risk factors. J Affect Disord. 2018;241:461–468. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deilamizade A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A, Mohammadian A, Puyan D. The sources of stigma and the impacts on Afghan refugees with substance abuse disorders: a qualitative study in Iran. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2019;19(4):610–622. doi:10.1080/15332640.2018.1556764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar