Bad apples spoil the barrel: Addressing unprofessional behaviour

References

• Albanese MA, Snow MH, Skochelak SE, Huggett KN, Farrell PM. Assessing personal qualities in medical school admissions. Acad Med 2003; 78: 313–321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American College for Graduate Medical Education. 1999. [Accessed 2006 February 13]. Available from: http://www.acgme.org/outcome/comp/compFull.asp
   Google Scholar
• Ashton CH, Kamali F. Personality, lifestyles, alcohol and drug consumption in a sample of British medical students. Med Educ 1995; 29: 187–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin DC, Jr, Daugherty SR, Eckenfels EJ. Student perceptions of mistreatment and harassment during medical school: A survey of ten United States schools. West J Med 1991; 155: 140–145
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benor DE, Notzer N, Sheehan TJ, Norman GR. Moral reasoning as a criterion for admission to medical school. Med Educ 1984; 18: 423–428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boisaubin EV, Levine RE. Identifying and assisting the impaired physician. Am J Med Sci 2001; 322: 31–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bore M, Munro D, Kerridge I, Powis D. Selection of medical students according to their moral orientation. Med Educ 2005; 39: 266–275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownell K, Lockyer J, Collin T, Lemay JF. Introduction of the multiple mini interview into the admissions process at the University of Calgary: Acceptability and feasibility. Med Teach 2007; 29: 394–396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell EG, Regan S, Gruen RL, Ferris TG, Rao SR, Cleary PD, Blumenthal D. Professionalism in medicine: Results of a national survey of physicians. Ann Int Med 2007; 147: 795–802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruess R, Cruess S, Steinert Y, 2009. ISBN 978-0-521-88104-3
   Google Scholar
• Diaz AL, McMillin JD. A definition and description of nurse abuse. West J Nurs Res 1991; 13: 97–109
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edelstein SB, Stevenson JM, Broad K. Teaching professionalism during anesthesiology training. J Clin Anesth 2005; 17: 392–398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmail A. Physician as serial killer: The shipman case. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1843–1844
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eva KW, Neville AJ, Norman GR. Exploring the etiology of content specificity: Factors influencing analogic transfer and problem solving. Acad Med 1998; 73: S1–S5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eva KW, Rosenfeld J, Reiter HI, Norman GR. An admissions OSCE: The multiple mini-interview. Med Educ 2004; 38: 314–326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felps WA, Mitchell TR, Byington EK. How, when, and why bad apples spoil the barrel: Negative group members and dysfunctional groups. Res Organ Behav 2006; 27: 181–230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson E, James D, Madeley L. Factors associated with success in medical school and in a medical career: A systematic review of the literature. BMJ 2002; 324: 952–957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fochtmann L. Professionalism and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Wear D, Aultman JM, editors., In 2006, Professionalism in medicine: Critical perspectives
   Google Scholar
• Galletly CA. Psychiatrist–patient sexual relationships: The ethical dilemmas. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 1993; 27: 133–139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruen RL, Arya J, Cosgrove EM, Cruess RL, Cruess SR, Eastman AB, Fabri PJ, Friedman P, Kirksey TD, Kodner IJ, et al. Professionalism in surgery. J Am Coll Surg 2003; 197: 605–608
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hickson GB, Federspiel CF, Blackford J, Pichert JW, Gaska W, Merrigan MW, Miller CS. Patient complaints and malpractice risk in a regional healthcare center. South Med J 2007a; 100: 791–796
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hickson GB, Federspiel CF, Pichert JW, Miller CS, Gauld-Jaeger J, Bost P. Patient complaints and malpractice risk. JAMA 2002; 287: 2951–2957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickson GB, Pichert JW, Webb LE, Gabbe SG. A complementary approach to promoting professionalism: Identifying, measuring and addressing unprofessional behaviors. Acad Med 2007b; 82: 1040–1048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohaus LC, Berah EF. Impairment of doctors: Are beginning medical students psychologically vulnerable?. Med Educ 1985; 19: 431–436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irvine D. Patients, professionalism, and revalidation. BMJ 2005; 330: 1265–1268
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Koretz D, Merikangas KR, Rush AJ, Walters EE, Wang PS. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). JAMA 2003; 289: 3095–3105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knights JA, Kennedy BJ. Medical school selection: Screening for dysfunctional tendencies. Med Educ 2006; 40: 1058–1064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knights JA, Kennedy BJ. Medical school selection: Impact of dysfunctional tendencies on academic performance. Med Educ 2007; 41: 362–368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulatunga-Moruzi C, Norman GR. Validity of admissions measures in predicting performance outcomes: A comparison of those who were and were not accepted at McMaster. Teach Learn Med 2002; 14: 43–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin GL. Evaluating professionalism in emergency medicine: Clinical ethical competence. Acad Emerg Med 1999; 6: 302–311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence JM. The impaired doctor. Med J Aust 1992; 157: 4–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leape LL, Fromson JA. Problem doctors: Is there a system-level solution?. Ann Intern Med 2006; 144: 107–115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee AG, Beaver HA, Boldt HC, Olson R, Oetting TA, Abramoff M, Carter K. Teaching and assessing professionalism in ophthalmology residency training programs. Surv Ophthalmol 2007; 52: 300–314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linney BJ. Confronting the disruptive physician. Physician Exec 1997; 23: 55–58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lowe M, Kerridge I, Bore M, Munro D, Powis D. Is it possible to assess the ‘ethics’ of medical school applicants?. J Med Ethics 2001; 27: 404–408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumsden MA, Bore M, Millar K, Jack R, Powis D. Assessment of personal qualities in relation to admission to medical school. Med Educ 2005; 39: 258–265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLemore MR. Workplace aggression: Beginning a dialogue. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2006; 10: 455–456
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McManus IC. Factors affecting likelihood of applicants being offered a place in medical schools in the United Kingdom in (1996) and (1997): Retrospective study. BMJ 1998; 317: 1111–1116, discussion 1116–1117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurray RJ, Clarke OW, Barrasso JA, Clohan DB, Epps CH, Jr, Glasson J, McQuillan R, Plows CW, Puzak MA, Orentlicher D, et al. Sexual misconduct in the practice of medicine. JAMA 1991; 266: 2741–2745
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Medische Vervolgopleidingen.nl. [Accessed 2006 October 10]. Available from: http://www.medischevervolgopleidingen.nl/pages/content.aspx?content=10010000000029_2_10000000001651&contentcode=competentiesspecialist
   Google Scholar
• Morrison J. How to choose tomorrow's doctors. Med Educ 2005; 39: 240–242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison J. Professional behaviour in medical students and fitness to practise. Med Educ 2008; 42: 118–120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor PG, Spickard A, Jr. Physician impairment by substance abuse. Med Clin North Am 1997; 81: 1037–1052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Neill B. Doctor as murderer. BMJ 2000; 320: 329–330
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Papadakis MA, Arnold GK, Blank LL, Holmboe ES, Lipner RS. Performance during internal medicine residency training and subsequent disciplinary action by state licensing boards. Ann Intern Med 2008; 148: 869–876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadakis MA, Hodgson CS, Teherani A, Kohatsu ND. Unprofessional behavior in medical school is associated with subsequent disciplinary action by a state medical board. Acad Med 2004; 79: 244–249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadakis MA, Loeser H. Chapter 9: Using critical incident reports and longitudinal observations to assess professionalism. Stern DT, editor., In 2006, Measuring medical professionalism. New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN-13: 978-0-19-517226-3
   Google Scholar
• Papadakis MA, Loeser H, Healy K. Early detection and evaluation of professionalism deficiencies in medical students: One school's approach. Acad Med 2001; 76: 1100–1106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadakis MA, Osborn EH, Cooke M, Healy K. A strategy for the detection and evaluation of unprofessional behaviour in medical students. Acad Med 1999; 74: 980–990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadakis MA, Teherani A, Banach MA, Knettler TR, Rattner SL, Stern DT, Veloski JJ, Hodgson CS. Disciplinary action by medical boards and prior behavior in medical school. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2673–2682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichert JW, Miller CS, Hollo AH, Gauld-Jaeger J, Federspiel CF, Hickson GB. What health professionals can do to identify and resolve patient dissatisfaction. Jt Comm J Qual Improv 1998; 24: 303–312
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Postma CT, Thoben A, Timmermans L, van Spaendonck K. Horken en huilebalken. Medisch Contact 2006; 61: 883–885
   Google Scholar
• Puryear JB, Lewis LA. Description of the interview process in selecting students for admission to US medical schools. J Med Educ 1981; 56: 881–885
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rhoads JM, Gallemore JL, Jr, Gianturco DT, Osterhout S. Motivation, medical school admissions, and student performance. J Med Educ 1974; 49: 1119–1127
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenberg DA, Silver HK. Medical student abuse: An unnecessary and preventable cause of stress. JAMA 1984; 251: 739–742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenstein AH. Nurse-physician relationships: Impact on nurse satisfaction and retention. Am J Nurs 2002; 102: 26–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenstein AH, O’Daniel M. Disruptive behavior and clinical outcomes: Perceptions of nurses and physicians. Am J Nurs 2005a; 105: 54–64, quiz 64–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenstein AH, O’Daniel M. Study links disruptive behavior to negative patient outcomes. OR Manager 2005b; 21: 1, 20, 22
   Google Scholar
• Rosenstein AH, O’Daniel M. Impact and implications of disruptive behavior in the perioperative arena. J Am Coll Surg 2006; 203: 96–105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenstein AH, O’Daniel M. Disruptive physician behavior: Impact on staff relationships and patient care. Neurology 2008a; 70: 1564–1570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenstein AH, O’Daniel M. A survey of the impact of disruptive behaviors and communication defects on patient safety. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2008b; 34: 464–471
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenstein AH, Russell H, Lauve R. Disruptive physician behaviour contributes to nursing shortage. Physician Exec 2002; 28: 8–11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rowley BD, Baldwin DC, Jr, Bay RC, Cannula M. Can professional values be taught? A look at residency training. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2000; 378: 110–114
   Google Scholar
• Rynja S, Cents R, Morsink M. Tabee lomperikken en horken. Medisch Contact 2006; 62: 73–75
   Google Scholar
• Schernhammer E. Taking their own lives the high rate of physician suicide. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2473–2476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schernhammer ES, Colditz GA. Suicide rates among physicians: A quantitative and gender assessment (meta-analysis). Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 2295–2302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shue CK, Arnold L, Stern DT. Maximizing participation in peer assessment of professionalism: The students speak. Acad Med 2005; 80: S1–S5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silver HK, Glicken AD. Medical student abuse: Incidence, severity, and significance. JAMA 1990; 263: 527–532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith KL, Saavedra R, Raeke JL, O’Donell AA. The journey to creating a campus-wide culture of professionalism. Acad Med 2007; 82: 1015–1021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson AE, Adshead LE, Higgs RH. The teaching of professional attitudes within UK medical schools: Reported difficulties and good practice. Med Educ 2006; 40: 1072–1080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern DT. Measuring medical professionalism. Oxford University Press, New York 2006
   Google Scholar
• Stern DT, Frohna AZ, Gruppen LD. The prediction of professional behaviour. Med Educ 2005; 39: 75–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern DT, Papadakis M. The developing physician: Becoming a professional. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1794–1799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stross JK, Harlan WR. Mandatory continuing medical education revisited. Mobius 1987; 7: 22–27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sullivan C, Arnold L. Chapter 7: Assessment and remediation in programs of teaching professionalism. Cruess RL, Cruess SR, Steiner Y, editors., In 2009, Teaching medical professionalism. ISBN 978-0-521-88104-3, 124-149
   Google Scholar
• The Royal of Physicians and Surgeons in Canada [Accessed 2006 October 10]. Available from: http://rcpsc.medical.org/canmeds/index.php
   Google Scholar
• Thistlethwaite JE, Spencer J. Professionalism in medicine. Radcliffe Publishing Ltd, AbingdonUK 2008
   Google Scholar
• Uhari M, Kokkonen J, Nuutinen M, Vainionpaa L, Rantala H, Lautala P, Vayrynen M. Medical student abuse: An international phenomenon. JAMA 1994; 271: 1049–1051
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Luijk SJ, Smeets SGE, Smits J, Wolfhagen IH, Perquin MLF. Assessing professional behaviour and the role of academic advice at the Maastricht Medical School. Med Teach 2000; 22: 168–172
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Mook W, de Grave W, van Luijk S, O’Sullivan H, Wass V, Zwaveling J, Schuwirth L, van der Vleuten C. Training and learning professionalism in the medical school curriculum: Current considerations. Eur J Int Med 2009a; 20: e96–e100
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Mook W, de Grave W, Wass V, O’Sullivan H, Zwaveling J, Schuwirth L, vander Vleuten C. Professionalism: Evolution of the concept. Eur J Int Med 2009b; 20: e81–e84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Mook W, Gorter S, de Grave W, van Luijk S, O’Sullivan H, Wass V, Zwaveling J, Schuwirth L, van der vleuten C. Approaches to professional behaviour assessment: Tools in the professionalism toolbox. Eur J Int Med 2009c; 20: e153–157
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Mook W, Gorter S, de Grave W, van Luijk S, O’Sullivan H, Wass V, Zwaveling J, Schuwirth L, van der Vleuten C. Professionalism beyond medical school: An educational continuum?. Eur J Int Med 2009d; 20: e148–e152
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Mook W, van Luijk S, de Grave W, O’Sullivan H, Wass V, Zwaveling J, Schuwirth L, van der Vleuten C. Promoting professional behaviour in undergraduate medical, dental and veterinary curricula in the Netherlands: Evaluation of a joint effort. Eur J Int Med 2009e; 20: e105–e111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Mook W, van Luijk S, O’Sullivan H, Wass V, Zwaveling J, Schuwirth L, van der Vleuten C. The concepts of professionalism and professional behaviour: Conflicts in both definition and learning outcomes. Eur J Int Med 2009f; 20: e85–e89
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Mook W, van Luijk S, O’Sullivan H, Wass V, Zwaveling J, Schuwirth L, van der Vleuten C. General considerations regarding assessment of professional behavior. Eur J Int Med 2009g; 20: e90–e95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Viggiano TR, Pawlina W, Lindor KD, Olsen KD, Cortese DA. Putting the needs of the patient first: Mayo Clinic's core value, institutional culture, and professionalism covenant. Acad Med 2007; 82: 1089–1093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagoner N. Chapter 13: Admission to medical school: selecting applicants with the potential for professionalism. Stern D, editor., In 2006, Measuring medical professionalism. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517226-3
   Google Scholar
• Wasserstein AG, Brennan PJ, Rubenstein AH. Institutional leadership and faculty response: Fostering professionalism at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Acad Med 2007; 82: 1049–1056
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wear D, Aultman J, editors. Professionalism in medicine: Critical perspectives. Springer, New York 2006
   Google Scholar