Symptom Checklist-90-Revised: Factor structure and relevance as a measure for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology model

Figures & data

Table 1. Fit of all the SCL-90-R models tested in the study.

	Fit values
Models	χ^2 (df)	CFI	TLI	RMSEA (90% CI)	AIC	BIC
CFA 1-factor	10,568.81 (3320)	.72	.722	.05 (.05–.05)	175,020	176,198
CFA 9-factor	8643.92 (3284)	.80	.793	.04 (.04–.04)	172,104	173,453
Second order CFA with 9 primary factors	9032.46 (3311)	.78	.780	.04 (.04–.04)	172,661	173,882
BCFA with 9 specific factors	No convergence
ESEM 9-factor	4916.90 (2692)	.91	.89	.03 (.03–.03)	167,029	171,179
BESEM with 9 specific factors	4969.60 (2618)	.91	.88	.03 (.03–.03)	166,825	171,325

Note. CI = confidence interval; χ² = chi-square; df = degrees of freedom; CFA = confirmatory factor analysis; ESEM = exploratory structural equation modeling; BCFA = bifactor confirmatory factor analysis; BESEM = bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling. RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; CFI = comparative fit index; TLI = Tucker-Lewis Index; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; BIC = Bayesian information criterion.

Table 2. Summary of the number of targeted and non-targeted factor loadings in the ESEM and BESEM models.

Number of	G	SO	OC	ÌS	DE	AN	HO	PA	PI	PY
ESEM model
Targeted items		12	10	9	13	10	6	7	6	10
Salient targeted items		12	7	8	8	0	6	6	2	6
Salient targeted items (negative)		0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Nontargeted items		71	73	74	70	73	77	76	77	73
Salient nontargeted items		4	2	2	8	1	4	3	4	4
Salient negative nontargeted items		0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
BESEM model
Targeted items	83	12	10	9	13	10	6	7	6	10
Salient targeted items (positive)	83	9	1	1	4	1	5	3	0	2
Salient targeted items (negative)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nontargeted items	–	71	73	74	70	73	77	76	77	73
Salient nontargeted items	–	0	0	2	0	1	0	0	0	2
Significant negative nontargeted items	–	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0

Note. G = General; SOM = Somatization; OC = Obsessive-Compulsive; IS = Interpersonal Sensitivity; DEP = Depression; AN = Anxiety; HOS = Hostility; PANX = Phobic Anxiety; PI = Paranoid Ideation; PSY = Psychoticism.

Table 3. Omega coefficient reliabilities for the factors in the SCL-90-R ESEM and CFA models, with nine group factors.

	SOM	O-C	IS	DEP	ANX	HOS	PANX	PI	PSY
ESEM model	.83	.49	.49	.67	.05	.79	.61	.22	.41
CFA 9-factor	.91	.87	.88	.91	.89	.86	.82	.79	.86

Note. SOM = Somatization; OC = Obsessive-Compulsive; IS = Interpersonal Sensitivity; DEP = Depression; AN = Anxiety; HOS = Hostility; PANX = Phobic Anxiety; PI = Paranoid Ideation; PSY = Psychoticism.

Table 4. Correlations for the FFFK factors with the SCL-90-R subscale factor scores in the ESEM model.

	FFFK factors
SCL-90-R dimensions	E	ES	A	C	O
Somatization	.09	−.26***	−.01	.03	−.03
Obsessive-compulsive	−.12	−.20*	−.07	−.02	.11
Interpersonal sensitivity	−.10	−.37***	.19**	.14	.01
Depression	−.13*	−.33***	.00	−.02	.01
Anxiety	.13	−.44***	.01	.24*	.03
Hostility	.09	−.27***	−.25***	−.06	.15**
Phobic anxiety	−.11*	−.25**	.00	.13	−.02
Paranoid ideation	.15*	−.10	−.13	.03	−.04
Psychoticism	−.15*	−.12	−.03	.02	−.03

Note. E = extraversion, Es = emotional stability; A = agreeableness; C = Conscientiousness; O = openness to experience; FFFK = Fünf-Faktoren-Fragebogen für Kinder. ***p < .001, **p < .01, *p < .05.

Data availability statement

Data are available upon request from the corresponding author due to the ethics application received.