Beyond multiple mechanisms and a unique drug: Defective autophagy as pivotal player in cerebral cavernous malformation pathogenesis and implications for targeted therapies

Figures & data

Figure 1. Toward a unifying mechanism for CCM disease pathogenesis. The interplay between defective autophagy and redox imbalance underlies development and progression of CCM lesions by sensitizing endothelial cells to local oxidative stress events, representing a major unifying mechanism that accommodates the different molecular pathways and potential therapeutic compounds described so far.