The microalga Dunaliella and its applications: a review

Figures & data

Figure 1. Number of publications related to the term [Dunaliella] between the years 2000–2019, in PubMed database (NCBI), and respective linear regression.

Figure 2. Metabolic pathway of carotenoid production in Dunaliella (Hirschberg et al., 1997; Hirschberg, 2001; Sandmann, 2001; Ye, Jiang, & Wu, 2008).

Figure 3. The starch and De novo pathway of Triacylglycerol synthesis in green algae. (*the metabolic pathways were simplified to a better understanding) (Coleman & Lee, 2004; Lippold et al., 2012; Ohlrogge & Browse, 1995; Pick & Avidan, 2017).

Table 1. Strains used in identified studies, of different species of the genus Dunaliella. (Strain availability: “CCAP” - Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa; “DF” - the Marine Biological Association; “SAG” - SAG Culture Collection; “LB” - UTEX Culture Collection; “RCC” - Roscoff Culture Collection; “CCMP”- NCMA Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences; “ATCC”- American Type Culture Collection).

	Species	Strain	Reference
1	D. salina	CCAP 19/18	(Park, Lee, & Jin, 2013)
2		CCAP 19/26	(Besson, Formosa-Dague, & Guiraud, 2019)
3		DF40	(Monte et al., 2020)
4		SAG 184.80	(Sui, Muys, Vermeir, D’Adamo, & Vlaeminck, 2019; Vanitha, Narayan, Murthy, & Ravishankar, 2007)
5		LB 1644	(Atasever-Arslan, Yilancioglu, Bekaroglu, Taskin, & Cetiner, 2015)
6		RCC3579	(Iglesias et al., 2019)
7		V−101	(Kumudha & Sarada, 2016)
8		MS002	(EL Arroussi et al., 2018)
9		(Lake Tuz, Turkey; Yucatan, Mexico)	(Cakmak, Kaya, & Asan-Ozusaglam, 2014; García, Freile-Pelegrín, & Robledo, 2007)
10	D. tertiolecta	LB 999	(Lin & Lee, 2017; Lin, Shen, & Lee, 2018; Ng, Low, Chow, & Lee, 2014)
11		CCMP1320	(Thakkar, Mitra, & Wei, 2016)
12		ATCC 30,929	(Takagi, Karseno, & Yoshida, 2006)
13	D. bardawil	LB 2538	(Park, Lee, & Jin, 2013)
14		(Sambar Lake, India)	(Vanitha, Narayan, Murthy, & Ravishankar, 2007)
15	D. acidophila	SAG 19.85	(Sekler & Pick, 1993)
16		RT22	(Puente-Sánchez, Olsson, & Aguilera, 2016)
17	D. maritima	CCAP 19/1	(Khramov, Matalin, Karpichev, Balnokin, & Popova, 2019)
18	D. viridis	(Yucatan, Mexico)	(García, Freile-Pelegrín, & Robledo, 2007)
19	Dunaliella sp.	RCC5	(Iglesias et al., 2019)

Table 2. Growth conditions applied to different species of the genus Dunaliella, in the analysed studies.

Nº	Species	T (ºC)	pH	Medium	Light		NaCl (g l^–1)	Reference
					Period (h)	Irradiance (µmol photons m^–2 s ^–1)
1	D. salina	20	7.5	Modified Johnson’s medium	12; 24	55	116.90	(Sui, Muys, Vermeir, D’Adamo, & Vlaeminck, 2019)
2		25	7.0	Modified Johnson’s medium	16	90–120	9.90–233.80	(Hadi, Shariati, & Afsharzadeh, 2008)
3		28	7.5	Modified Johnson’s medium	16	80	29.25	(Khadim et al., 2018)
4		29	7.5	Modified Johnson’s medium	12	80	100.00–350.00	(García, Freile-Pelegrín, & Robledo, 2007)
5		20	8.0	F/2 medium	16	-	35.00	(Chae, Kim, & An, 2019)
6		20	8.0	F/2 medium	12	50	35.00	(Gao et al., 2014)
7		24	7.8	F/2 medium	(Natural light)		35.00	(Song et al., 2018)
8		20	8.5	Walne’s medium	12	150	35.10–122.70	(Francavilla, Trotta, & Luque, 2010)
9		25	8.5	Walne’s medium	24	150	233.80	(EL Arroussi et al., 2018)
10		30	8.5	AS−100 medium	(Natural light)		87.70	(Vanitha, Narayan, Murthy, & Ravishankar, 2007)
11		25	7.5	Modified AS−100 medium	16	45	-	(Kumudha & Sarada, 2016)
12		20	8.2	Roscoff seawater	14	150	33.00	(Iglesias et al., 2019)
13		20–21	7.4	Complete Nutritive Conway	12; 16	40	100.00	(Besson, Formosa-Dague, & Guiraud, 2019)
14		25	7.5	Artificial seawater	24	40–400	87.70	(Park, Lee, & Jin, 2013)
15		26	7.5	(Custom)	-	-	87.70	(Monte et al., 2018)
16		25–35	7.0–8.0	-	-	-	90.00–120.00	(Monte et al., 2020)
17	D. tertiolecta	25	7.5	ATCC−1174 medium	14	50	29.20	(Lin, Shen, & Lee, 2018)
18		25	7.5	ATCC−1174 medium	14	50	29.20	(Lin & Lee, 2017)
19		25	7.5	ATCC−1174 medium	24	100	29.20–116.90	(Ng, Low, Chow, & Lee, 2014)
20		24	8.0	F/2 medium	24	120–150	35.00	(Benhima et al., 2018)
21		20	8.5	Walne’s medium	12	150	35.10–122.70	(Francavilla, Trotta, & Luque, 2010)
22		19	8.1	Artificial seawater (SOW)	12	120	35.00	(Thakkar, Mitra, & Wei, 2016)
23		24	7.5	BG−11(−N) Medium	24	120–150	29.25	(Pick & Avidan, 2017)
24		28–30	8.0	Modified NORO medium	24	65–150	29.20–58.40	(Takagi, Karseno, & Yoshida, 2006)
25	D. bardawil	25	7.5	Artificial seawater	24	40–400	87.70	(Park, Lee, & Jin, 2013)
26		30	8.5	AS−100 medium	(Natural light)		87.70	(Vanitha, Narayan, Murthy, & Ravishankar, 2007)
27	D. viridis	25	7.0	Modified Johnson’s medium	16	90–120	9.90–233.80	(Hadi, Shariati, & Afsharzadeh, 2008)
28		29	7.5	Modified Johnson’s medium	12	80	10.00–35.00	(García, Freile-Pelegrín, & Robledo, 2007)
29	D. acidophila	25	0.5	(Custom)	-	-	26.90	(Sekler & Pick, 1993)
30	D. parva	25	7.5	Modified Johnson’s medium	16	50	87.70	(Ismaiel, El-Ayouty, Said, & Fathey, 2018)
31	Dunaliella sp.	20	7.5	Modified Johnson’s medium	24	-	25.00	(Çelekli & Dönmez, 2006)
32		30	7.5	Modified Johnson’s medium	24	154	10.00–25.00	(Kocberber Kilic, Erdem, & Donmez, 2018)
33		24	8.5	Walne’s medium	12	30	29.20–292.21	(Jayappriyan, Rajkumar, & Rengasamy, 2011)
34		29	7.8	F/2 medium	24	80	40.00–80.00	(Dahmen-Ben Moussa et al., 2018)

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