Translating the determinant aspects on the study design in the dental implant field

Figures & data

Table 1. Detailed description of all collected parameters.

Parameter collected	Description
General information	Publication details as the publication year, name of the journal, title of publication, and number of authors (to analyze authors collaboration) were collected.
Type of study	Refined terms were used to categorize the type of study: animal studies, clinical studies, in silico, ex vivo studies and in vitro studies. When an article related two or more categories together, the most relevant one was recorded, according to the primarily objective of the study. Considering the low frequency of distribution of some type of study and in order to promote a reliable data analysis, ex vivo and in silico studies were grouped
Country of origin	Only the country of the corresponding author was selected according to author affiliation. For corresponding authors with more than one affiliation, the affiliation described in the correspondence section was used.
Country income	Country income is categorized into four groups—(a) high, (b) upper- middle, (c) lower-middle, and (d) low—according to the World Bank Country and Lending groups (September 2021).
Continent of the corresponding author	The continent of the corresponding author, categorized as North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Oceania. If the corresponding author had more than one affiliation on different continents, the continent of affiliation listed in the correspondence section was used. Considering the low frequency of distribution of some countries and in order to promote a reliable data analysis, countries from South and Central America were grouped as well as countries from Africa and Oceania.
International collaboration	The total number of countries according to author affiliation. For authors with affiliations in different countries, only the first listed affiliation was considered.
Inter-institutional collaboration	Number of institutions involved in the study were collected from each author’s affiliation. Independent on the number of affiliations of a single author, only the first one mentioned was considered.
Interdisciplinary collaboration	Number of disciplines involved in the study were collected from each author’s affiliation. If an author presented two or more disciplines, only the first listed discipline was considered.
Type of funding	Types of funding were categorized into: (a) financially funded by an industry, (b) Material donation done by an industry, (c) funded by a foundation, (d) funded by a government, (e) funded by a research institute/university, or (f) non-funded studies. The categorization was based on the “acknowledgments” or “conflict of interest” section of the articles. When multiple types of funding sources existed, the first funding information mentioned was considered.
Topic of the research	Scope categories were defined as: complications; implant macro design; implant surfaces; prosthodontics topics; surgical procedures, and others. When the study presented multiple topics, the most relevant was recorded according to the study objectives.
Mean citation per year	Total of citations were collected from Scopus (Elsevier) on September, 2021. Mean citations per year were calculated as follows: total of citations/ (2020 - publication year).

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of bibliometric research design.

Figure 2. Distribution of total number of published articles in seven dental implant journals according to the type of study over the years; “n” refers to total number of published articles according to the type of study.

Figure 3. Distribution of total number of published articles according to the type of study per continent; “n” refers to total number of published articles according to the type of study.

Figure 4. Total number of published articles according to the income country per type of study.

Figure 5. Distribution of total number of published articles according to the income country and type of study over the years. (A) Lower-middle income countries, (B) Upper-middle income countries and (C) High income countries, according to the World Bank country and lending groups (september 2021).

Table 2. Multiple regression model for indicators of type of study by number of authors, country income, number of institution (interinstitutional collaboration), topic of research, and funding factors.

	Type of study (laboratory × in vivo)
Variables	OR	95CI%	p value
Number of authors	1.11	1.03–1.19	0.005
Income countries
Lower	1
Upper midle	1.51	0.85–2.70	0.157
High	2.28	1.32–3.94	0.003
Number of institutions	1.10	1.00–1.23	0.050
Research topic
Complications	1
Implant design	0.61	0.39–0.95	0.031
Implant surface	0.44	0.30–0.64	<0.001
Prosthodontics topics	0.49	0.36–0.67	<0.001
Surgical procedures	1.90	1.35–2.68	<0.001
Others	0.34	0.23–0.52	<0.001
Funding
Company/industry	1
Company/industry (M)	0.21	0.13–0.35	<0.001
Foundation	0.41	0.23–0.71	0.002
Government	0.39	0.24–0.62	<0.001
Research institute/university	0.54	0.33–0.88	0.015
None	0.56	0.37–0.84	0.005

Figure 6. Distribution of total number of published articles according to the number of disciplines from each author’s affiliation per type of study (A) and number of institutions involved from each author’s affiliation per type of study.

Figure 7. Distribution of total number of articles according to type of funding per type of study.

Figure 8. Distribution of 5 main research topics in dental implant research field according to the type of study; “n” refers to total number of published articles according to the type of study.