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Sensing Technology Volume 2, 2024 - Issue 1
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Voltammetric study of dopamine at tavaborole modified carbon paste electrode

Arpitha S. B.a Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, India
,
Kumara Swamy B. E.a Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, IndiaCorrespondence[email protected]
,
Sharma S. C.b Honorary Professor of Forensic Materials and Law, Jain University, Bangalore, India
,
Sanjana M. R.c Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
&
Varamahalakshmi S.c Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
Article: 2305873 | Received 19 Dec 2023, Accepted 10 Jan 2024, Published online: 26 Feb 2024

Figures & data

Scheme 1. Structure of tavaborole.

Scheme 1. Structure of tavaborole.

Figure 1. (A) Tentative CVs for the preparation of tavaborole/CPE. The electrolytic cell contains 1 mM tavaborole in 0.1 M NaOH at 20 multiple cycles with a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1. (B) Relationship between anodic peak current and a total number of polymerisation cycles.

Figure 1. (A) Tentative CVs for the preparation of tavaborole/CPE. The electrolytic cell contains 1 mM tavaborole in 0.1 M NaOH at 20 multiple cycles with a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1. (B) Relationship between anodic peak current and a total number of polymerisation cycles.

Scheme 2. Electrochemical oxidation mechanism of dopamine.

Scheme 2. Electrochemical oxidation mechanism of dopamine.

Figure 2. (A) Cyclic voltammogram of the tavaborole/MCPE in 0.2 M PBS solution containing 10 µM HQ with different pH at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1. (B) The graph of Ipa versus varied pH values. (C) The linearity plot of Epa versus varied pH values.

Figure 2. (A) Cyclic voltammogram of the tavaborole/MCPE in 0.2 M PBS solution containing 10 µM HQ with different pH at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1. (B) The graph of Ipa versus varied pH values. (C) The linearity plot of Epa versus varied pH values.

Figure 3. Cyclic voltammogram of 1 mM potassium ferrocyanide at BCPE (coloured black) and at tavaborole MCPE (coloured red) in 1 M KCl at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1.

Figure 3. Cyclic voltammogram of 1 mM potassium ferrocyanide at BCPE (coloured black) and at tavaborole MCPE (coloured red) in 1 M KCl at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1.

Figure 4. Cyclic voltammograms of 10 µM DA in 0.2 M PBS solution of pH 7.4 at BCPE (dotted line) and tavaborole MCPE (solid line) at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1.

Figure 4. Cyclic voltammograms of 10 µM DA in 0.2 M PBS solution of pH 7.4 at BCPE (dotted line) and tavaborole MCPE (solid line) at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1.

Figure 5. (A) Cyclic voltammogram of 10 µM DA in 0.2 M PBS of pH 7.4 at tavaborole MCPE with varied scan rate. (B) Graph of anodic peak current versus scan rate

Figure 5. (A) Cyclic voltammogram of 10 µM DA in 0.2 M PBS of pH 7.4 at tavaborole MCPE with varied scan rate. (B) Graph of anodic peak current versus scan rate

Table 1. Variation of the voltammetric parameters gathered from the plots shown in as a function of the potential sweep rate.

Figure 6. (A) Cyclic voltammogram of 10 µM DA in 0.2 M PBS of pH 7.4 at tavaborole MCPE with varied concentration at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1. (B) Graph of anodic peak current versus concentration.

Figure 6. (A) Cyclic voltammogram of 10 µM DA in 0.2 M PBS of pH 7.4 at tavaborole MCPE with varied concentration at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1. (B) Graph of anodic peak current versus concentration.

Table 2. Comparison of limit of detection with different modified electrodes and tavaborole-modified CPE.

Figure 7. Cyclic voltammogram for simultaneous determination of 10 µM DA at bare carbon paste electrode (dotted line) and tavaborole modified carbon paste electrode (solid line) at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1.

Figure 7. Cyclic voltammogram for simultaneous determination of 10 µM DA at bare carbon paste electrode (dotted line) and tavaborole modified carbon paste electrode (solid line) at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1.

Figure 8. Linear sweep voltammogram for simultaneous determination of 10 µM DA at bare carbon paste electrode (coloured black) and tavaborole modified carbon paste electrode (coloured red) at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1.

Figure 8. Linear sweep voltammogram for simultaneous determination of 10 µM DA at bare carbon paste electrode (coloured black) and tavaborole modified carbon paste electrode (coloured red) at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1.

Figure 9. The cyclic voltammogram obtained for DA (10 µM–60 µM) in PBS of pH 7.4 at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1 in the presence of AA and UA (10 µM) at tavaborole MCPE.

Figure 9. The cyclic voltammogram obtained for DA (10 µM–60 µM) in PBS of pH 7.4 at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1 in the presence of AA and UA (10 µM) at tavaborole MCPE.

Figure 10. Cyclic voltammograms for 40 multiple cycles of 10 µM DA in 0.2 M PBS of pH 7.4 at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1.

Figure 10. Cyclic voltammograms for 40 multiple cycles of 10 µM DA in 0.2 M PBS of pH 7.4 at a scan rate of 0.05 Vs−1.

Table 3. Determination of DA in human blood serum and drug injection sample (n = 3).

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