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Research Paper

Synthesis and spectral characterization of environmentally responsive fluorescent deoxycytidine analogs

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Article: e29174 | Received 30 Dec 2013, Accepted 09 May 2014, Published online: 15 May 2014

Figures & data

Figure 1. Nucleoside analogs 1a–e, 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b.

Figure 1. Nucleoside analogs 1a–e, 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b.

Scheme 1. Chemical structures and syntheses of alkynes 4a–e.

Scheme 1. Chemical structures and syntheses of alkynes 4a–e.

Scheme 2. Syntheses of nucleobase analogs 1b–e and 2b.

Scheme 2. Syntheses of nucleobase analogs 1b–e and 2b.

Scheme 3. Synthesis of the nucleobase analogs 2a and 3a.

Scheme 3. Synthesis of the nucleobase analogs 2a and 3a.

Table 1. Fluorescence properties of nucleobase analogs 1b-1e, 2a, 2b, and 3a

Figure 2. Photophysical characterization of cytidine analogs. Absorbance in water (dashed black line) and dioxane (solid black line) and emission (100% dioxane, red; 90% dioxane/10% water, blue; 80% dioxane/20% water, pink; 70% dioxane/30% water, brown; 60% dioxane/40% water, light green; 40% dioxane/60% water, dark green; 20% dioxane/80% water, turquoise; 10% dioxane/90% water, orange; 100% water, purple). (A) 1b; (B) 1c; (C) 1d; (D) 1e; (E) 2b; (F) 3a.

Figure 2. Photophysical characterization of cytidine analogs. Absorbance in water (dashed black line) and dioxane (solid black line) and emission (100% dioxane, red; 90% dioxane/10% water, blue; 80% dioxane/20% water, pink; 70% dioxane/30% water, brown; 60% dioxane/40% water, light green; 40% dioxane/60% water, dark green; 20% dioxane/80% water, turquoise; 10% dioxane/90% water, orange; 100% water, purple). (A) 1b; (B) 1c; (C) 1d; (D) 1e; (E) 2b; (F) 3a.

Figure 3. Photophysical characterization of uridine analog 2a. Top panel: fluorescence changes in response to changes in polarity. Absorbance in water (dashed black line) and dioxane (solid black line) and emission in 9:1 dioxane/water, blue; 8:2 dioxane/water, pink; 7:3 dioxane/water, brown; 6:4 dioxane/water, light green; 4:6 dioxane/water, dark green; 2:8 dioxane/water, turquoise; 1:9 dioxane/water, orange. Bottom panel: fluorescence response to changes in medium viscosity, absorbance in MeOH (solid black line) and emission in MeOH, blue; 7:3 MeOH/glycerol, pink; 1:1 MeOH/glycerol, orange; 4:6 MeOH/glycerol, turquoise; 2:8 MeOH/glycerol, purple; 15:85 MeOH/glycerol, brown; 1:9 MeOH/glycerol, green.

Figure 3. Photophysical characterization of uridine analog 2a. Top panel: fluorescence changes in response to changes in polarity. Absorbance in water (dashed black line) and dioxane (solid black line) and emission in 9:1 dioxane/water, blue; 8:2 dioxane/water, pink; 7:3 dioxane/water, brown; 6:4 dioxane/water, light green; 4:6 dioxane/water, dark green; 2:8 dioxane/water, turquoise; 1:9 dioxane/water, orange. Bottom panel: fluorescence response to changes in medium viscosity, absorbance in MeOH (solid black line) and emission in MeOH, blue; 7:3 MeOH/glycerol, pink; 1:1 MeOH/glycerol, orange; 4:6 MeOH/glycerol, turquoise; 2:8 MeOH/glycerol, purple; 15:85 MeOH/glycerol, brown; 1:9 MeOH/glycerol, green.
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