Petrogenesis and zircon U-Pb ages of the Late Paleozoic high-potassic Sonkul and Kokturpak plutons in Kyrgyz Tien Shan, with implications for related skarn-porphyry W-Au(-Cu-Mo) mineralization

References

• Abzalov, M., Djenchuraeva, R., Alpiyev, Y., and Abzalov, S., 2019, The geology of the Bozymchak Cu-Au skarn deposit, Tien Shan belt, Central Asia: Emphasis on the geochemical characteristics of the granitoids: Applied Earth Science, v. 128, p. 106–123. doi:10.1080/25726838.2019.1634897.
   Google Scholar
• Alekseev, D.V., Degtyarev, K.E., Kotov, A.B., Sal’nikova, E.B., Tret’yakov, A.A., Yakovleva, S.Z., Anisimova, I.V., and Shatagin, K.N., 2009, Late Paleozoic subductional and collisional igneous complexes in the Naryn segment of the Middle Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan): Doklady Earth Sciences, v. 427, p. 760–763. doi:10.1134/S1028334X09050122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexeiev, D.V., Kröner, A., Hegner, E., Rojas-Agramonte, Y., Biske, Y.S., Wong, J., Geng, H.Y., Ivleva, E.A., Mühlberg, M., Mikolaichuk, A.V., and Liu, D., 2016, Middle to Late Ordovician arc system in the Kyrgyz Middle Tian Shan: From arc-continent collision to subsequent evolution of a Palaeozoic continental margin: Gondwana Research, v. 39, p. 261–291. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2016.02.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexeiev, D.V., Kröner, A., Kovach, V.P., Tretyakov, A.A., Rojas-Agramonte, Y., Degtyarev, K.E., Mikolaichuk, A.V., Wong, J., and Kiselev, V.V., 2019, Evolution of Cambrian and Early Ordovician arcs in the Kyrgyz North Tianshan: Insights from U-Pb zircon ages and geochemical data: Gondwana Research, v. 66, p. 93–115. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2018.09.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen, T., 2002, Correction of common lead in U–pb analyses that do not report 204Pb: Chemical Geology, v. 192, p. 59–79. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00195-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, T., Pollard, P.J., Mustard, R., Mark, G., and Graham, J.L., 2005, A comparison of granite-related tin, tungsten, and gold-bismuth deposits: Implications for exploration: SEG Discovery, v. 61, p. 5–17. doi:10.5382/SEGnews.2005-61.fea.
   Google Scholar
• Bau, M., 1996, Controls on the fractionation of isovalent trace elements in magmatic and aqueous systems: Evidence from Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and lanthanide tetrad effect: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 123, p. 323–333. doi:10.1007/s004100050159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biske, Y.S., 1996, Paleozoic structure and history of the southern Tien Shan: St.-Petersburg, St.-Petersburg Univ. Publishing, in Russian.
   Google Scholar
• Biske, Y.S., Konopelko, D., and Seltmann, R., 2013, Geodynamics of Late Paleozoic magmatism in the Tien Shan and its framework: Geotectonics, v. 47, p. 291–309. doi:10.1134/S001685211304002X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biske, Y.S., and Seltmann, R., 2010, Paleozoic Tian-Shan as a transitional region between the Rheic and Urals-Turkestan oceans: Gondwana Research, v. 17, p. 602–613. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2009.11.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blevin, P.L., and Chappell, B.W., 1992, The role of magma sources, oxidation states and fractionation in determining the granite metallogeny of eastern Australia: Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, v. 83, p. 305–316. doi:10.1017/S0263593300007987.
   Google Scholar
• Bogdetskyi, V.N., 1987, Petrologic features of the Sonkul monzogabbro-monzonite-granodiorite complex, in Petrology and ore mineralization of magmatic formations in Tien Shan: Frunze, Ilim Publishing, pp. 121–145. in Russian.
   Google Scholar
• Bortnikov, N.S., Prokof’ev, V.Y., and Razdolina, N.V., 1996, The genesis of the Charmitan gold-quartz deposit (Uzbekistan): Geology of Ore Deposits, v. 38, p. 238–257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, A.R., Graham, S.A., Hendrix, M.S., Ying, D., and Zhou, D., 1995, Late Paleozoic tectonic amalgamation of northwestern China: Sedimentary record of the northern Tarim, northwestern Turpan, and southern Junggar basins: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, p. 571–594. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0571:LPTAON>2.3.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chappell, B.W., Bryant, C.J., and Wyborn, D., 2012, Peraluminous I-type granites: Lithos, v. 153, p. 142–153. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.07.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chappell, B.W., and White, A.J.R., 1992, I- and S-type granites in the Lachlan fold belt, Trans., Trans., Vol. 83: Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, p. 1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Charvet, J., Shu, L.S., Laurent-Charvet, S., Wang, B., Faure, M., Cluzel, D., Chen, Y., and de Jong, K., 2011, Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the Tianshan belt, NW China: Science China Earth Sciences, v. 54, p. 166–184. doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4138-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, Z., Zhang, Z., Chai, F., Hou, T., Santosh, M., Turesebekov, A., and Nurtaev, B.S., 2017, Carboniferous porphyry Cu–Au deposits in the Almalyk orefield, Uzbekistan: The Sarycheku and Kalmakyr examples: International Geology Review, v. 60, p. 1–20. doi:10.1080/00206814.2017.1309996.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernyshev, I.V., Kovalenker, V.A., Goltsman, V., Plotinskaya, O., Bairova, E.D., and Oleinikova, T.I., 2011, Rb-Sr isochron dating of Late Paleozoic epithermal ore-forming processes: A case study of the Kairagach gold deposit, Kurama ore district, central Tien Shan: Geochemistry International, v. 49, p. 107–119. doi:10.1134/S0016702911020054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L., and Fan, J.-X., 2013, 2013, updated 2023-04. The ICS international chronostratigraphic chart: Episodes, v. 36, p. 199–204. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, A., Wilkinson, J.J., Halls, C., and Serenko, T.J., 2000, Geological characteristics, tectonic setting and preliminary interpretations of the Jilau gold-quartz vein deposit, Tajikistan: Mineralium Deposita, v. 35, p. 600–618. doi:10.1007/s001260050266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson, J., Turner, S., Handley, H., Macpherson, C., and Dosseto, A., 2007, Amphibole “sponge” in arc crust?: Geology, v. 35, p. 787–790. doi:10.1130/G23637A.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Grave, J., Glorie, S., Buslov, M.M., Izmer, A., Fournier-Carrie, A., Batalev, V., Vanhaecke, F., Elburg, M., and Van den Haute, P., 2011, The thermo-tectonic history of the Song-Kul plateau, Kyrgyz Tien Shan: Constraints by apatite and titanite thermochronometry and zircon U/Pb dating: Gondwana Research, v. 20, p. 745–763. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2011.03.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolgopolova, A., Seltmann, R., Konopelko, D., Biske Yu, S., Shatov, V., Armstrong, R., Belousova, E., Pankhurst, R., Koneev, R., and Divaev, F., 2017, Geodynamic evolution of the western Tien Shan, Uzbekistan: Insights from U-Pb SHRIMP geochronology and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope mapping of granitoids: Gondwana Research, v. 47, p. 76–109. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2016.10.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einaudi, M.T., 1982a, Description of skarns associated with porphyry copper plutons: Southwestern North America, in Titley, S.R., ed. Advances in geology of the porphyry copper deposits, Southwestern North America: Tucson, Univ. Arizona Press, pp. 139–183.
   Google Scholar
• Einaudi, M.T., 1982b, General features and origin of skarns associated with porphyry copper plutons: Southwestern North America, in Titley, S.R., ed. Advances in geology of the porphyry copper deposits, Southwestern North America: Tucson, Univ. Arizona Press, pp. 185–209.
   Google Scholar
• Foley, S.F., and Peccerillo, A., 1992, Potassic and ultrapotassic magmas and their origin: Lithos, v. 28, p. 181–185. doi:10.1016/0024-4937(92)90005-J.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost, C.D., and Frost, B.R., 2011, On ferroan (A-type) granitoids: Their compositional variability and modes of origin: Journal of Petrology, v. 52, p. 39–53. doi:10.1093/petrology/egq070.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, W.L., Powell, W.J., Pearson, N.J., and O’Reilly, S.Y., 2008, GLITTER: Data reduction software for laser ablation ICP-MS, in Sylvester, P., ed., Minerals Assocation of Canada Short Course series: Ottawa, Ontario, Mineralogical Association of Canada, v. 40, p. 307–311.
   Google Scholar
• Hiess, J., Condon, D.J., McLean, N., and Noble, S.R., 2012, 238U/235U systematics in terrestrial uranium-bearing minerals: Science, v. 335, p. 1610–1614. doi:10.1126/science.1215507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoskin, P.W.O., and Black, L.P., 2000, Metamorphic zircon formation by solid-state recrystallization of protolith igneous zircon: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 18, p. 423–439. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1314.2000.00266.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishihara, S., 1981, The granitoid series and mineralization: Economic Geology, v. 75, p. 458–484.
   Google Scholar
• Islamov, F., Kremenetsky, A., Minzer, E., and Koneev, R., 1999, The Kochbulak-Kairagach ore field, in Shayakubov, T., Islamov, F., Kremenetsky, A., and Seltmann, R., eds. Au, Ag and Cu deposits of Uzbekistan: Potsdam, GFZ, pp. 91–106.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, S.E., Pearson, N.J., Griffin, W.L., and Belousova, E.A., 2004, The application of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to in situ U–Pb zircon geochronology: Chemical Geology, v. 211, p. 47–69. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenchuraeva, R.J., 2001, Paleozoic geodynamics, magmatism and metallogeny of the Tien Shan, in Seltmann, R., and Jenchuraeva, R.J., eds., Paleozoic geodynamics and gold deposits in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan: London, UK, IGCP, p. 29–70.
   Google Scholar
• Jung, C., 2006, Petrogenesis of tertiary mafic alkaline magmas in the Hocheifel, Germany: Journal of Petrology, v. 47, p. 1637–1671. doi:10.1093/petrology/egl023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kempe, U., Graupner, T., Seltmann, R., de Boorder, H., Dolgopolova, A., and Zeylmans van Emmichoven, M., 2016, The Muruntau gold deposit (Uzbekistan) – a unique ancient hydrothermal system in the Southern Tien Shan: Geoscience Frontiers, v. 7, p. 495–528. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2015.09.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalimov, G., Yang, H., Sang, M., Xiao, W., Mamadjanov, Y., Aminov, J., Yogibekov, D., and Liu, X., 2022, Late paleozoic shoshonitic magmatism in the southwestern Middle Tianshan (Tajikistan) of the Southwestern Altaids: Implications for slab roll-back with extensional arc-related basins after flat subduction: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 10, p. article 893751. doi:10.3389/feart.2022.893751.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konopelko, D., Biske, G., Seltmann, R., Eklund, O., and Belyatsky, B., 2007, Hercynian post-collisional A-type granites of the Kokshaal range, Southern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan: Lithos, v. 97, p. 140–160. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2006.12.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konopelko, D., Seltmann, R., Dolgopolova, A., Safonova, I., Glorie, S., De Grave, J., and Sun, M., 2021, Adakite-like granitoids of Songkultau: A relic of juvenile Cambrian arc in Kyrgyz Tien Shan: Geoscience Frontiers, v. 12, p. 147–160. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2020.08.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kröner, A., Alexeiev, D.V., Kovach, V.P., Rojas-Agramonte, Y., Tretyakov, A.A., Mikolaichuk, A.V., Xie, H.Q., and Sobel, E.R., 2017, Zircon ages, geochemistry and Nd isotopic systematics for the palaeoproterozoic 2.3 to 1.8 Ga Kuilyu complex, East Kyrgyzstan – the oldest continental basement fragment in the Tianshan orogenic belt: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 135, p. 122–135. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.12.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kröner, A., Kovach, V., Belousova, E., Hegner, E., Armstrong, R., Dolgopolova, A., Seltmann, R., Alexeiev, D.V., Hoffmann, J.E., Wong, J., Sun, M., Cai, K., Wang, T., Tong, Y., Wild, S.A., Degtyarev, K.E., and Rytsk, E., 2014, Reassessment of continental growth during the accretionary history of the central Asian orogenic belt: Gondwana Research, v. 25, p. 103–125. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.12.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudrin, V.S., Solov’yev, S.G., Stavinskiy, V.A., and Karabdin, L.L., 1990, The gold-copper-molybdenum-tungsten ore belt of theTtien Shan: International Geology Review, v. 32, p. 930–941. doi:10.1080/00206819009465824.
   Google Scholar
• Le Bas, M.J., and Streckeisen, A.L., 1991, The IUGS systematics of igneous rocks: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 148, p. 825–833. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.148.5.0825.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Maitre, R.W., Bateman, P., Dudek, A., Keller, J., Lameyre, J., Le Bas, M.J., Sabine, P.A., Schmid, R., Sorensen, H., Streckeisen, A., Wooley, A.R., and Zanettin, B., 1989, A classification of igneous rocks and glossary of terms: Oxford, Blackwell, p. 193.
   Google Scholar
• Ludwig, K., 2003, User’s manual for isoplot 3.00: Berkeley, CA, Berkeley Geochronology Center, pp. 1–70.
   Google Scholar
• MacLean, W.H., and Barrett, T.J., 1993, Lithogeochemical techniques using immobile elements: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 48, p. 109–133. doi:10.1016/0375-6742(93)90002-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda, J., 1990, Opening of the kuril basin deduced from the magmatic history of Central Hokkaido, North Japan: Tectonophysics, v. 174, p. 235–255. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(90)90324-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maniar, P.D., and Piccoli, P.M., 1989, Tectonic discrimination of granitoids: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, p. 635–643. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0635:TDOG>2.3.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao, J., Konopelko, D., Seltman, R., Lehmann, B., Chen, W., Wang, Y., Eklund, O., and Usubaliev, T., 2004, Postcollisional age of the Kumtor gold deposit and timing of Hercynian events in the Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan: Economic Geology, v. 99, p. 1771–1780. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.99.8.1771.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, X., Shu, L., Meert, J.G., and Li, J., 2014, The Paleozoic evolution of central Tianshan: Geochemical and geochronological evidence: Gondwana Research, v. 25, p. 797–819. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2013.05.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonough, W.F., and Sun, S.-S., 1995, The composition of the Earth: Chemical Geology, v. 120, p. 223–253. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meinert, L., 1986, Gold in skarns of the Whitehorse copper belt, southern Yukon: Yukon Geology, Yukon Exploration and Geological Services Division, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, v. 1, p. 19–43.
   Google Scholar
• Meinert, L.D., Dipple, G.M., and Nicolesku, S., 2005, World skarn deposits: Economic Geology, v. 100, p. 299–336.
   Google Scholar
• Middlemost, E.A.K., 1997, Magmas, rocks and planetary development: Longman, Harlow, p. 299.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, J.S., Matzel, J.E., Miller, C.F., Burgess, S.D., and Miller, R.B., 2007, Zircon growth and recycling during the assembly of large, composite arc plutons: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 167, p. 282–299. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.04.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moritz, R., Rezeau, H., Ovtcharova, M., Tayan, R., Melkonyan, R., Hovakimyan, S., Ramazanov, V., Selby, D., Ulianov, A., Chiaradia, M., and Putlitz, B., 2016, Long-lived, stationary magmatism and pulsed porphyry systems during Tethyan subduction to post-collision evolution in the southernmost Lesser Caucasus, Armenia and Nakhitchevan: Gondwana Research, v. 37, p. 465–503. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.10.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, D., and Groves, D.I., 2019, Potassic igneous rocks and associated gold-copper mineralization (5th ed): Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature, p. 398.
   Google Scholar
• Nikolaev, V.A., 1933, On the principal structural line of Tien Shan: Proceedings of the Russian Mineralogical Society, v. 2, p. 347–354. in Russian.
   Google Scholar
• Pearce, J.A., 1996, Sources and settings of granitic rocks: Episodes, v. 19, p. 120–125. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1996/v19i4/005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce, J.A., 2008, Geochemical fingerprinting of oceanic basalts with applications to ophiolite classification and the search for Archean oceanic crust: Lithos, v. 100, p. 14–48. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2007.06.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W., and Tindle, A.G., 1984, Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks: Journal of Petrology, v. 25, p. 956–983. doi:10.1093/petrology/25.4.956.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce, J.A., and Peate, D.W., 1995, Tectonic implications of the composition of volcanic arc magmas: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 23, p. 251–285. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.23.050195.001343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peccerillo, A., and Taylor, S.R., 1976, Geochemistry of eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 58, p. 63–81. doi:10.1007/BF00384745.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards, J.P., 2009, Postsubduction porphyry Cu-Au and epithermal Au deposits: Products of remelting of subduction-modified lithosphere: Geology, v. 37, p. 247–250. doi:10.1130/G25451A.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards, J.P., 2011a, High Sr/Y arc magmas and porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposits: Just add water: Economic Geology, v. 106, p. 1075–1081. doi:10.2113/econgeo.106.7.1075.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards, J.P., 2011b, Magmatic to hydrothermal metal fluxes in convergent and collided margins: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 40, p. 1–26. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seliverstov, K.V., and Ges’, M.D., 2001, Petrochemical features of magmatites and major kinematic parameters of Middle Carboniferous–Early Permian subduction of the Turkestan paleo-ocean (Tien Shan, Northern Fergana): Rus Geol Geophys, v. 42, p. 1393–1397.
   Google Scholar
• Seltmann, R., Goldfarb, R., Zu, B., Creaser, R.A., Dolgopolova, A., and Shatov, V.V., 2020, Muruntau, Uzbekistan: The world’s largest epigenetic gold deposit: SEG Spec Publ, v. 23, p. 497–521.
   Google Scholar
• Seltmann, R., Konopelko, D., Biske, G., Divaev, F., and Sergeev, S., 2011, Hercynian post-collisional magmatism in the context of Paleozoic magmatic evolution of the Tien Shan orogenic belt: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 42, p. 821–838. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.08.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seltmann, R., and Porter, T.M., 2005, The porphyry Cu-Au/Mo deposits of Central Eurasia: 1. Tectonic, geologic and metallogenic setting and significant deposits, in Porter, T.M., ed. Super porphyry copper and gold deposits: A global perspective: Adelaide 2, PGC Publishing, pp. 467–512.
   Google Scholar
• Seltmann, R., Porter, T.M., and Pirajno, F., 2014, Geodynamics and metallogeny of the central Eurasian porphyry and related epithermal mineral systems: A review: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 79, p. 810–841. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.03.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sengor, A.M.C., Natal’in, B.A., and Burtman, V.S., 1993, Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Palaeozoic crustal growth in Eurasia: Nature, v. 364, p. 299–307. doi:10.1038/364299a0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sláma, J., Kosler, J., Condon, D.J., Crowley, J.L., Gerdes, A., Hanchar, J.M., Horstwood, M.S.A., Morris, G.A., Nasdala, L., Norberg, N., Schaltegger, U., Schoene, B., Tubrett, M.N., and Whitehouse, M.J., 2008, Plešovice zircon — a new natural reference material for U–Pb and Hf isotopic microanalysis: Chemical Geology, v. 249, p. 1–35. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomovich, L.I., 1997, The Hercynian intrusive magmatism of Kyrgyzstan (geodynamics, petrogenesis, and mineralization) [ Sci.D. Thesis]: Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Institute of Geology, 42 p. (in Russian)
   Google Scholar
• Soloviev, S.G., 2011, Geology, mineralization, and fluid inclusion characteristics of the Kensu W-Mo skarn and Mo-W-Cu-Au alkalic porphyry deposit, Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan: Economic Geology, v. 106, p. 193–222. doi:10.2113/econgeo.106.2.193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soloviev, S.G., 2015, Geology, mineralization, and fluid inclusion characteristics of the Kumbel oxidized W–Cu–Mo skarn and Au–W stockwork deposit in Kyrgyzstan, Tien Shan: Mineralium Deposita, v. 50, p. 187–220. doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0531-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soloviev, S.G., and Krivoschekov, N.N., 2011, Petrochemistry of rocks in the Chorukh-Dairon monzonite-syenite-granite pluton, Northern Tajikistan: Geochemistry International, v. 49, p. 691–710. doi:10.1134/S0016702911070093.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soloviev, S.G., and Kryazhev, S.G., 2017, Geology, mineralization, and fluid inclusion characteristics of the Chorukh-Dairon W–Mo–Cu skarn deposit in the Middle Tien Shan, Northern Tajikistan: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 80, p. 79–102. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.06.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soloviev, S.G., and Kryazhev, S.G., 2018a, Geology, mineralization, and fluid inclusion characteristics of the Kashkasu W-Mo-Cu skarn deposit associated with a high-potassic to shoshonitic igneous suite in Kyrgyzstan, Tien Shan: Toward a diversity of W mineralization in central asia: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 153, p. 425–449. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.11.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soloviev, S.G., and Kryazhev, S.G., 2018b, Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution at the Lyangar redox-intermediate tungsten-molybdenum skarn deposit, Western Uzbekistan, Tien Shan: Insights from igneous petrology, hydrothermal alteration, and fluid inclusion study: Lithos, v. 316-317, p. 154–177. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2018.07.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soloviev, S.G., and Kryazhev, S.G., 2018c, Tungsten mineralization in the Tien Shan gold belt: Geology, petrology, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope study of the Ingichke reduced tungsten skarn deposit, western Uzbekistan: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 101, p. 700–724. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.08.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soloviev, S.G., and Kryazhev, S.G., 2019, Geology, mineralization, and fluid inclusion characteristics of the Koitash redox-intermediate W–Mo skarn and W–Au stockwork deposit, western Uzbekistan, Tien Shan: Mineralium Deposita, v. 54, p. 1179–1206. doi:10.1007/s00126-019-00869-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soloviev, S.G., Kryazhev, S.G., and Dvurechenskaya, S.S., 2018, Geology, mineralization, and fluid inclusion study of the Kuru-Tegerek Au-Cu-Mo skarn deposit in the Middle Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan: Mineralium Deposita, v. 53, p. 195–223. doi:10.1007/s00126-017-0729-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soloviev, S.G., Kryazhev, S.G., Semenova, D.V., Kalinin, Y.A., and Bortnikov, N.S., 2024a, Isotopic U-Pb age of zircon (LA-ICP-MS method) from igneous rocks of the Chorukh-Dairon W-Mo(-Cu-Au) deposit (Tajikistan): First evidences for post-collisional ore formation in the Kurama segment of the Middle Tien Shan: Doklady Earth Sciences, v. 516. doi:10.1134/S1028334X24600877.
   Google Scholar
• Soloviev, S.G., Kryazhev, S.G., Semenova, D.V., Kalinin, Y.A., and Bortnikov, N.S., 2024b, Late paleozoic potassic igneous rocks of the Adyrtor intrusions in the eastern Kyrgyz Tien Shan: Geochemistry, isotope U-Pb zircon geochronology, and related W-Mo(-Cu-Au) mineralization: International Geology Review. doi:10.1080/00206814.2024.2326899.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solov’yev, S.G., 1993, Late paleozoic subalkaline potassic (shoshonite-latite) magmatism in central Tien Shan: International Geology Review, v. 35, p. 288–304. doi:10.1080/00206819309465530.
   Google Scholar
• Sun, S.-S., and McDonough, W.F., 1989, Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 42, p. 313–345. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.19.
   Google Scholar
• Thiéblemont, D., and Tegyey, M., 1994, Une discrimination géochimique des roches différenciées témoin de la diversité d’origlisboaine et de situation tectonique des magmas calcoalcalins: Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris, v. 319, p. 87–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, S., Arnaud, N., Liu, J., Rogers, N., Hawkesworth, C., Harris, N., van Calsteren, P., and Deng, W., 1996, Post-collision, shoshonitic volcanism on the Tibetan plateau: Implications for convective thinning of the lithosphere and the source of ocean Island basalts: Journal of Petrology, v. 37, p. 45–71. doi:10.1093/petrology/37.1.45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkov, V.N., Arakelyantz, M.M., and Tajibaev, G.T., 1990, The age of magmatic and metasomatic rocks of the Chorukh-Dairon graben, as defined by K-Ar dating (central Tien Shan): Transaction USSR Science and Academy of Geology Series, v. 12, p. 40–47. in Russian.
   Google Scholar
• Wallace, P., and Carmichael, I.S.E., 1992, Alkaline and calc-alkaline lavas near Los Volcanes, Jalisco, Mexico: Geochemical diversity and its significance in volcanic arcs: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 111, p. 423–439. doi:10.1007/BF00320899.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whalen, J.B., Currie, K.L., and Chappell, B.W., 1987, A-type granites: Geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 95, p. 407–419. doi:10.1007/BF00402202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whalen, J.B., and Hildebrand, R.S., 2019, Trace element discrimination of arc, slab failure, and A-type granitic rocks: Lithos, v. 348-349, p. 105179–105349, paper 105179. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, S.A., 1997, The collection, preparation and testing of USGS reference material BCR-2: Columbia River, Basalt, US Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-00x.
   Google Scholar
• Yakubchuk, A.S., 2004, Architecture and mineral deposit settings of the Altaid orogenic collage: A revised model: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 23, p. 761–779. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.01.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yakubchuk, A., Degtyarev, K., Maslennikov, V., Wurst, A., Stekhin, A., and Lobanov, K., 2012, Tectonomagmatic settings, architecture, and metallogeny of the central Asian copper province, in Hedenquist, J.W., Harris, M., and Camus, F., eds. Geology and genesis of major copper deposits and districts of the world, a tribute to R.H. Sillitoe, Society ofEconomic Geologists: SEG, Special Publication, v. 16, p.403–432.
   Google Scholar
• Yakubchuk, A.S., Shatov, V.V., Kirwin, D., Edwards, D., Tomurtogoo, O., Badarch, G., and Buryak, V.A., 2005, Gold and base metal metallogeny of the Central Asian orogenic supercollage: Economic Geology, 100th Anniversary Volume, p. 1035–1068.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, X.-B., Xue, C.-J., Chi, G.-X., Mo, X.-X., Nurtaev, B., and Zhang, G.-Z., 2017, Zircon and molybdenite geochronology and geochemistry of the Kalmakyr porphyry Cu–Au deposit, Almalyk district, Uzbekistan: Implications for mineralization processes: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 86, p. 807–824. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.04.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, Z.-J., Chen, Z.-L., Nurtaev, B., Shukurov, S., Han, F.-B., Wang, Z.-X., Xiao, W.-F., and Yu, X.-Q., 2019, Re-Os geochronology and sulfur isotopes of the Lyangar W-Mo deposit: Implications for Permian tectonic setting in South Tianshan orogen, Uzbekistan: Minerals, v. 9, p. 534. doi:10.3390/min9090534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zivkovic, Z., Danyushevsky, L., Halley, S., Barker, S., and Baker, M., 2023, Comparison of lithium borate fusion and four-acid digestions for the determination of whole-rock chemistry – implications for lithogeochemistry and mineral exploration: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 23, p. geochem2022–054. doi:10.1144/geochem2022-054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zu, B., Seltmann, R., Xue, C., Wang, T., Dolgopolova, A., Li, C., Zhou, L., Pak, N., Ivleva, E., Chai, M., and Zhao, X., 2019, Multiple episodes of Late Paleozoic Cu-Au mineralization in the Chatkal-Kurama terrane: New constraints from the Kuru-Tegerek and Bozymchak skarn deposits, Kyrgyzstan: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 113, p. paper 103077. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103077.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zu, B., Xue, C., Seltmann, R., Dolgopolova, A., Chi, G., and Li, C., 2020, Geology, geochronology, and S-Pb-Os geochemistry of the Alastuo gold deposit, West Tianshan, NW China: Mineralium Deposita, v. 55, p. 1407–1424. doi:10.1007/s00126-019-00948-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar